Cavernous Blood Research Articles

Primary Aneurysmal Cyst of Soft Tissues (Extraosseous Aneurysmal Cyst

In this report we describe a soft-tissue aneurysmal cyst located in the left shoulder of a 20-year-old woman. Although the tumor initially was clinically considered a myositis ossificans, the microscopic features were identical to those found in classic aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). Light microscopy showed a lesion composed of a peripheral band of mature trabecular bone surrounding a multicystic central area made up of anastomosing cavernous blood channels separated by fibrous septa that contained osteoid, mineralized myxochondroid material and osteoclastic giant cells. Whereas most bone tumors have an extraosseous counterpart, ABC has been found outside the bone only once, in an artery, but never in soft tissues. Moreover, major reviews state that aneurysmal bone cyst occurs exclusively within bones. This unique case is a very rare occurrence of one of these lesions in the soft tissues.

Corporeal blood gas changes according to duration of drug-induced prolonged erection.

The corporeal blood gas changes in accordance with the duration of the prolonged erection which developed after intracorporeal pharmacotherapy with papaverine and phentolamine were investigated in 62 impotence patients. The picture of the corporeal blood taken from 15 psychogenic impotence patients (a control group) at 10 minutes after intracavernous injection when they showed full erections was arterial but there was pCO2 rise and pH drop compared to femoral artery blood taken simultaneously. As the erection lasted longer, significant gas changes of the cavernous blood began to appear (p < 0.0001): increase in pCO2 and decrease in pO2 from 4 hours, decrease in pH from 5 hours, decrease in O2 saturation from 6 hours. Erections lasting for more than 16 hours showed significantly worse hypoxia (p < 0.05). Therefore, to prevent hypoxia and metabolic acidosis, drug-induced prolonged erection would be better decompressed before it lasts for more than 4 hours.

&lt;b&gt;DISTRIBUTION OF GALANIN IMMUNOREACTIVE FIBERS IN THE MOUSE VOMERONASAL &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;ORGAN &lt;/b&gt;

Galanin (GAL)-immunohistochemical techniques were applied to the mouse vomeronasal organ. GAL-immunoreactive fibers were seen in the receptor-free epithelial region, but no fibers were found in the neuroepithelial region. Many GAL-immunoreactive fibers were distributed around the cavernous blood vessels and the vomeronasal glands, and these fibers had a large number of varicosities and branches. GAL-immunoreactive fibers were also distributed in both the olfactory epithelial area and the respiratory epithelial area. GALimmunoreactive cell bodies were seen in the trigeminal ganglion, in the sphenopalatine ganglion, and in the superior cervical ganglion

Volume-Dependent Intracavernous Hemodilution During Pharmacologically Induced Penile Erections

The change in the cavernous hematocrit following induction of pharmacological erection by an intracavernous injection of papaverine hydrochloride was documented in normal controls and patients with impotence. Blood samples taken from the penile cavernosa showed a significantly lower hematocrit compared to the systemic venous blood in all normal subjects. The decrease in the cavernous hematocrit was attributable to dilution of the cavernous blood pool by the injected volume of the drug, since this was not observed in erections produced by visual sexual stimulation. It appears that a restriction of the cavernous venous outflow in response to papaverine injection causes sequestration of the diluted blood in the cavernous compartment. The degree of cavernous hemo-dilution was found to aid in the differential diagnosis and was especially valuable in differentiating patients with arteriogenic impotence from those with venous leakage.

Assessment of Penile Blood Flow by Duplex Ultrasonography in 44 Men with Normal Erectile Potency in different Phases of Erection

Duplex ultrasonography is important in the diagnosis of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. We measured the ultrasonographic parameters of cavernous blood flow in different phases of penile erection. We examined 44 volunteers with normal erectile potency. Doppler spectra of the cavernous artery were obtained in a time-dependent manner after intracavernous administration of papaverine. Following intracavernous pharmacological stimulation, the Doppler spectrum alters according to a specific pattern indicating the different hemodynamic phases of erection. Peak flow velocity and acceleration time, measured in the early post-injection phase, may be used to grade arterial inflow. The difference between resistance index in the pre-injection and late post-injection phases may be used to estimate veno-occlusive function. References values are defined.

Spindle Cell Hemangioendothelioma: Report of Three Cases

Three cases of spindle cell hemangioendothelioma were studied. Two had multiple nodules and the third had a single, recurrent lesion in the dermis or subcutis of the distal extremities. The tumor initiated at the age of 3 months in one patient and at the ages of 11 or 12 years in the remaining two. Local recurrence after surgical excision was observed in all cases. Microscopically the tumors were composed of two components; cavernous blood spaces and a proliferation of spindle cells. Among these spindle cells, there were occasional epithelioid endothelial cells with intracytoplasmic lumina. Phleboliths were observed in two cases. Most of the endothelial cells lining the cavernous spaces were positive for factor VIII-associated antigen in all cases; the intracytoplasmic lumina were also positive in two cases. The spindle cells were negative for that antigen in all cases. However, they were positive for desmin in one case. Electronmicroscopically, the spindle cells resembled primitive mesenchymal cells.

薬物動態からみたパパベリンテストの意義

Intracavernous administration of papaverine is now commonly employed for diagnosis and therapy of impotence. To assess the pharmacokinetics of papaverine, we recorded its concentration in peripheral blood and also in cavernous blood after intravenous and intracavernous injection of 40 mg of papaverine. Peripheral blood was sampled serially after injection. Plasma was immediately extracted and then kept at at -40 degrees C until analysis. High pressure liquid chromatography was used to record the concentration of papaverine. The maximum serum concentration of papaverine measured after intracavernous injection was 7.7 ng/ml, which was considerably lower than the average serum concentration of 24.0 ng/ml after intravenous injection. Peak serum concentration was reached 1 min after intravenous injection and 10 min after intracavernous injection. It is clear that the corpus cavernosum constitutes a separate pharmacokinetic compartment. Therefore there was no significant difference between the papaverine concentration in peripheral blood of patients who showed full erection after intracavernous injection and that of patients who did not achieve erection. The concentration of papaverine in the intracavernous blood of a fully erected penis was only about 1 microgram/ml after 20 min. This concentration is similar to that in cavernous blood of those who showed excessively persistent erection. Our results imply that papaverine administered into the cavernous space relaxes smooth muscle, and is then washed out to general circulation, and the concentration in the cavernous space reaches a low level of about 1 microgram/ml. The low concentration level is maintained for several hours during erection. Therefore, we presume that papaverine acts on both the inflow system and smooth muscle of cavernous tissue in the phase of producing erections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

INFANTILE AND ADULT FIBROSARCOMAS OF THE SOFT TISSUES

Histologic sections of 68 soft-tissue sarcomas initially diagnosed as fibrosarcoma were reviewed, and 36 were excluded because of revised diagnosis. The tumors from the remaining 32 patients were analyzed clinicopathologically, and were classifed into two types; the adult type (22 cases) and the infantile type (10 cases). The adult type fibrosarcoma occurred in adults aged 25 to 67 years and consisted of spindle-shaped fibroblastic cells which formed interlacing bundles accompanied by variable amounts of collagen or reticulin fibers. The infantile fibrosarcoma affected children below the age of seven years in this series and was characterized by proliferation of immature fibroblasts forming indistinct bundles, frequently exhibiting areas of an angiosarcoma-like pattern and cavernous blood vessels. The authors expressed the view that infantile fibrosarcoma should be separated from adult fibrosarcoma, because between these two types of fibrosarcoma there were marked differences in the histologic feature as well as in the age, sex and anatomical distributions.

The Mechanoreceptors of the Sinus Hair Organ on the Cat's Foreleg

The follicles of the cat's carpal sinus hairs are supplied by free nerve endings and Merkel cell-neurite complexes. Simple lamellated corpuscles lie within the cavernous blood sinus. Slowly adapting sinus hair follicle units showed a directional sensitivity and responded to mechanical stimulation with a high-frequency velocity-dependent dynamic impulse discharge and an amplitude-dependent static response. A few sinus hair follicle mechanoreceptors were of fast adapting type. Pacinian corpuscles located close to the external sinus walls responded to vibratory stimuli. Hair disks immediately lateral to each sinus hair gave slowly adapting discharges. The functional significance of the unique combination of four mechanoreceptor types with different response properties within the carpal sinus hair organ is emphasized. Adrenergic nerve fibers are evaluated within cat sinus hair follicles. Electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk produced small but repeatable changes in the dynamic responses of slowly adapting mechanoreceptors of cat vibrissae follicles.

Release of catecholamines by vasopressin into the cavernous sinus blood of the dog.

SummaryThe highly variable pressor response to exogenous vasopressin was studied in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. It was demonstrated that exogenous vasopressin causes a release of catecholamines from stores in the central nervous system as measured in the cavernous sinus blood. When the circulation to the central nervous system is occluded the pressor response to exogenous vasopressin is greatly reduced.

Resection and reconstruction of the mandible for removal of a central hemangioma

1. 1. A surgical procedure for the treatment of a central hemangioma of the mandible has been presented in detail. This included bilateral carotid artery ligation, resection of more than one half of the mandible, and reconstruction with two iliac bone grafts. 2. 2. The clinical, laboratory, roentgenographic, and microscopic features of this tumor, as well as its treatment, have been discussed. 3. 3. The microscopic features, which included an abundance of fibrous connective tissue and osseous tissue in addition to cavernous blood vessels, presented an interesting problem in histogenesis. One theory is that the hemangioma originated as a nonneoplastic bone varicosity and that the fibrous and osseous tissues developed later from infectious or traumatic stimuli. The other view is that a neoplastic hemangioma acted as the stimulus for the proliferation of fibrous and osseous tissues.

Concentration of ACTH in Cavernous Sinus and Peripheral Blood Collected from Unanesthetized Sheep.

SummaryA simple technic for puncturing the cavernous sinus of unanesthetized sheep through the foramen ovale has been described. Cavernous sinus plasma showed at least a 2-fold greater concentration of ACTH than peripheral plasma collected simultaneously from the recurrent tarsal vein.The authors arc indebted to Priscilla Tippett for illustration and to Angela Boryczka, Roy Shackle-ford, and Vina Sera for technical assistance.

Concentration of ACTH in cavernous sinus and peripheral arterial blood in the dog.

SummaryA simple and reliable method of obtaining blood from the cavernous sinus of the dog has been presented. The level of ACTH in this blood under a variety of conditions has been found to be many times higher than the concentration in peripheral arterial blood. Hypophysectomy causes a fall to zero in the level of ACTH in this blood. With this techniC., insertion of the needle into the cavernous sinus is shown to be a definite but transient stress.The authors arc pleased to acknowledge their indebtedness to Miss Faith Bebchick and Miss Mar-iiaret Hanley for technical assistance.

Furuncle of the Right Nasal Vestibule; Septic Thrombosis of the Cavernous Sinus; Lepto-Meningitis; Death; Autopsy. (With Microscopic Examination of the Orbits, Cavernous Blood Sinuses, Meninges, Ethmoidal and Sphenoidal Air Sinuses.)

Furuncle of the Right Nasal Vestibule; Septic Thrombosis of the Cavernous Sinus; Lepto-Meningitis; Death; Autopsy. (With Microscopic Examination of the Orbits, Cavernous Blood Sinuses, Meninges, Ethmoidal and Sphenoidal Air Sinuses.)