Cauterization Method Research Articles

Dissection Method and Diathermy Cauterization in Tonsillectomy- A Hospital Based Comparative Study

Tonsillectomy is one of the most common procedures performed by otolaryngologists. It is a surgical operation that removes both palatine tonsils from the tonsillar fossa. It is typically performed in youngers for recurrent tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy. This study was done to compare the dissection and diathermy methods of tonsillectomy and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages during surgery and convalescence. This study was a retrospective analysis of 400 patients from January 2015 to January 2020 in Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical College Hospital, Faridpur. Out of 400 patients 200 patients underwent tonsillectomy by dissection method and rest 200 patients underwent electrocautery method. Total 400 patients were analyzed separately their hospital stay, blood loss per-operatively, complications in each method and overall outcome of the patients. The overall hospital staying in both types was 1-3 days. The average intra operative blood loss was 5-7 ml in cautery and average 50 ml in dissection method. The average operative time was 25-30 minutes in dissection method and 10-15 minutes was in electrocautery. We found higher amounts of blood loss and intra - operative time in dissection method than electrocautery. The chance of secondary haemorrhage was more in electrocautery method than dissection method. Pain, scar formation, odynophagia were more in cauterization method. Complete healing time was more in cauterization method than dissection method. There was no death in both methods. Although per-operative blood loss, operation time were less in cauterization method but post operative bleeding, pain, odynophagia and infection were more in electro cauterization method. In both methods, there were some advantages and some disadvantages. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2023;2(1): 40-44

Erratum: Eyestalk Ablation to Increase Ovarian Maturation in Mud Crabs.

Erratum: Eyestalk Ablation to Increase Ovarian Maturation in Mud Crabs.

A Comparison of Dissection Method and Diathermy Cauterization Tonsillectomies

Background: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common procedures performed by otolaryngologists. It is a surgical operationthat removes both Palatine tonsils from the tonsillar fossa. It is typically performed in youngsters for recurrent tonsillitis andtonsillar hypertrophy. Objective: To compared the dissection and diathermy methods of tonsillectomy and evaluate their advantages anddisadvantages during surgery and convalescence. Methods: This is was a retrospective analysis of 400 patients from January 2015 to January 2020 of otorhinolaryngologydepartment in Banga Bandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical Collage Hospital. Out of total 400 patients 200 patients underwenttonsillectomy by dissection method and rest 200 patients underwent electro cautery method. Data were generated through recordreview using a checklist. A total of 400 patients were analyzed in respect of operation methods, operation time, and amount ofblood loss, post operative complications, duration of hospital stay in addition to age & sex distribution separately for comparison. Results: The overall hospital stayinng in both types was 1-3 days. The average intra operative blood loss was 5-7 ml withcautery and average 50 ml with dissection method. The average operative time was 25-30 minutes with dissection method and10-15 minutes with cautery. We found higher amounts of blood loss and intra - operative time with dissection method thanelectrocautery. The Chance of Secondary haemorrhage was more in electro - cautery method than dissection method. Pain,Scar formation, odynophagia were more in cauterization method. Complete healing time was more in cauterization methodthan dissection method. There was no death in both methods.Conclusion: Although per- operative blood loss, operative time were less in cauterization method but post operative bleeding,pain, odynophagia and infection were more in electro cauterization method. In both methods, there were some advantages andsome disadvantages.

Paul of Aegina (ca 625-690 AD): Operating on All, from Lymph Nodes in the Head and Neck to Visceral Organs in the Abdomen.

In the seventh century AD, a native of the island of Aegina, a brilliant surgeon, Paulus Aegineta, practiced surgery in Byzantium. Able to perform a wide variety of surgical operations, he summarized his experience and gathered the available knowledge to compose his masterpiece "Medical Compendium." He was credited as the first to operate on the tonsils and the lymphatic system of the lower cervical region and as one of the pioneers to cut the abdominal wall. Fond of the cauterization method, an expert in disinfection and pain palliation, he had presented supreme skills, becoming one of the most important figures in the history of medicine.

Cauterization tonsillectomy as compared to traditional tonsillectomy technique.

Background:Tonsillectomy is one of the most frequently applied and oldest surgical procedures in otorhinolaryngology. Various surgical techniques are used to perform this operation including traditional and cauterization techniques.Objectives:To assess morbidity and efficacy and compare objectively the techniques in tonsillectomy, i.e., traditional technique and cauterization technique. This study compares the traditional and cauterization tonsillectomy techniques in view of their advantages and complications.Methods:This is a retrospective study and comparative study, conducted during the period from January 2017 to March 2018 from the patients attending to Alnamas General Hospital, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was designed to compare the traditional and cauterization tonsillectomy. Fifty patients underwent traditional technique and fifty patients underwent cauterization method. The data analyzed using SPSS V.16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA).Results:A total of 100 patients, 62 males and 38 females, aged 8 to 16 years were included in the study. A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study. Traditional and cauterization tonsillectomy were performed. 50 (27 male and 23 female) patients, whose ages ranged from 9 to 16 years old underwent the traditional tonsillectomy, 50 (35 male and 15 female) patients whose ages ranged from 8 to 16 years underwent cauterization. The two groups were similar for demographic parameters. The difference between mean operative times of the two methods was statistically significant. Postoperative bleeding is significantly higher in the traditional technique compared to cauterization method. Postoperative pain is significantly less in cauterization method. Only a few patients experienced fever, bleeding, and other complications related to anesthesia. The bleeding severity is significantly lower in the cauterization technique. Postoperative pain was less in cauterization technique on day 1 and day 5. Postoperative pain was from mild to severe.Conclusion:This study revealed significantly less postoperative complications in traditional tonsillectomy in comparison with the cauterization method. Healing time was significantly faster in cauterization technique than in traditional method.

Application of Walsh Spectral Representations in Soft Computing

A method for representing fuzzy sets for Walsh spectral analysis is proposed. The example demonstrates the method of cauterization of the fuzzy sets with employment of linear filters. The possibility of application of commutation neuro-structures in clustering is noted.

Development of contactless cauterization device for surgery using a steam-jet

To improve outcomes in surgery, surgical energy devices which perform coagulation and cauterization with shorter operating time, less thermal injury, and less adherence are required. In this paper, basic principles and cauterization mechanisms of cauterization method with steam-jet were studied. The steam-jet coagulator (SJC) was newly developed with dry-steam generator for effective heat-transfer with steam. The condensation heat-transfer coefficient at the surface was estimated through thermofluidic simulations and experimental temperature distributions inside the heated object by impinging steam-jet. The steam-jet of 10kPa(G) and 30kPa(G) were estimated to have the heat-transfer coefficients larger than 5.0×10 5 W/m 2 under several design parameters. Histological images of coagulated hepatic tissues with the SJC, the bipolar electrocautery device, and the bipolar with the saline irrigation method were compared. The comparison revealed that steam-jet can coagulate tissue denser and can seal sinusoids better than the ones coagulated with the bipolar electrocautery device even if the saline irrigation method was used. Successful coagulation and cauterization were performed on the in-vivo experiment using porcine liver, and thus the feasibility of the proposed method was confirmed. Our findings represent the engineering principles, the histological mechanisms, and the feasibility in in-vivo situations of the contactless cauterization device using a steam-jet.

Cauterization technique for suture erosion in transscleral fixation of intraocular lenses.

Transscleral suturing is a commonly applied technique to fix intraocular implants in the sulcus. A major problem after transscleral implantation is suture erosion that normally happens in the late post-surgery period and may result in an increased incidence of endophthalmitis. Here we describe an original cauterization method by using a glass rod to melt the exposed suture end without damaging the suture knot in the sclera to avoid suture exposure in sclera-fixed IOL implantation. This is a simple, quick and effective technique that can be performed without conjunctiva incisions and will help to reduce suture erosion related complications.

A method to collect isolated myocytes and whole tissue from the same heart

A technique for isolation of cardiac myocytes and collection of whole heart tissue from individual hearts of adult rats is described in this study. After excision of the apical half of the left ventricle (LV) and cauterization of the cut edge, aortas were cannulated and high-quality isolated cardiac myocytes were collected after collagenase perfusion of the basal portion. Myocyte dimensions from the basal portion of cauterized and noncauterized hearts from matching rats were identical. Additionally, myocyte dimensions from the basal and apical halves of the LV were compared with the use of whole heart-isolated myocyte preps. No regional differences between basal and apical LV myocyte size were found. Therefore, this cauterization method can be used to collect isolated myocytes from the basal half and whole heart tissue from the apical half, with each half being representative of the other with respect to myocyte dimensions.

Effects of ball cauterization following loop excision and follow-up colposcopy

Objective: To investigate whether central diathermy ball cauterization after loop excision affects satisfactory colposcopy at follow-up. Methods: One hundred one consecutive women with the squamocolumnar junction visible at the ectocervix scheduled for loop excision were assigned alternately into two groups. In group A, diathermy ball cauterization was applied to the entire crater following excision. In group B, cauterization was avoided in a 2–3-mm zone around the new os. The women were re-examined 4 months postoperatively by colposcopy and microcolpohysteroscopy with specific intention to identify the location of the squamocolumnar junction. The examiners performing colposcopy and microcolpohysteroscopy were not aware of each other’s interpretation, or of the method of cauterization used. Results: Follow-up colposcopy was satisfactory in 12 women in group A (24%) and 47 women in group B (92.2%) ( P < .001). Forty-three women (86%) in group A and ten in group B (19.6%) had the squamocolumnar junction partly or fully located within the cervical canal ( P < .001). Microcolpohysteroscopy located the squamocolumnar junction at a mean depth of 4.5 ± 2.4 mm (± standard deviation [SD]) in the women in group A and 1 ± 0.9 mm in group B ( P < .001). Microcolpohysteroscopy could not be performed in 13 women in group A (26%) and one woman in group B (2%) ( P < .001). Conclusion: Diathermy ball cauterization at the new cervical os after loop excision results in a shift of the squamocolumnar junction toward the endocervical canal, and predisposes to cervical stenosis, thereby decreasing satisfactory colposcopy rates.

New simple endoscopic operations for interstitial pregnancies

Objectives: Our aim was to report a new approach of endoscopic management (endoloop and encircling suture methods) for interstitial or cornual pregnancy and to determine the safety and effectiveness of these procedures and their effects on subsequent pregnancies. Study Design: This is an uncontrolled retrospective review of 24 patients treated for interstitial pregnancies through endoscopic operations with 14 to 72 months of follow-up at a large urban medical center. Blood loss, operation time, changes of serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels, the resumption of menstruation, and subsequent pregnancy after operation were analyzed. Results: Among 24 interstitial pregnancies, 3 had ruptured at the time of operation and 21 had not ruptured. Treatment consisted of either the vasopressin and electric cauterization method, the endoloop before evacuation of the conceptus method, or the encircling suture before evacuation of the conceptus method. The blood loss and operation time (mean ± SD) for unruptured cases were 133 ± 134 mL and 51.6 ± 7.6 minutes in the vasopressin and electric cauterization group (n = 3), 32 ± 22 mL and 28.5 ± 6.4 minutes in the endoloop group (n = 15), and 40 ± 17 mL and 35.0 ± 5.0 minutes in the encircling suture group (n = 3). In 3 patients with ruptured pregnancy treated with the endoloop method, the blood loss and operation time (mean ± SD) were 1100 ± 854 mL and 82.5 ± 51.6 minutes. Any of these operative methods resulted in rapid decline of serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels within 1 week with the exception of 1 case, in which the endoloop method was used; this patient needed additional treatment with methotrexate. Seventeen patients desired pregnancy in the future, and 15 eventually became pregnant. One of these 15 pregnancies ended in an ectopic pregnancy on the opposite side 6 months after the interstitial pregnancy. Three ended in a spontaneous abortion, and 11 were delivered by elective cesarean section at term before labor started. Operative records of cesarean section in 8 patients delivered at our institution showed little or no adhesions or defect in the cornual area of the previous operation. Conclusion: The endoloop method and the encircling suture method are simple, safe, effective, and nearly bloodless. There were no uterine ruptures in the pregnancies subsequent to these methods of endoscopic management. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:114-21.)

Control of splenic bleeding by using high intensity ultrasound.

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been shown to control bleeding from liver incisions, and blood vessel punctures and incisions. The objective of the current study was to investigate the capability of HIFU to stop bleeding from splenic injuries in a pig model. Surgical incisions, 25 to 50 mm in length and 2 to 8 mm in depth, were made in the spleens of five anesthetized pigs. HIFU with a frequency of 5 MHz was applied within 5 seconds of making the incision. A total of 39 incisions and HIFU treatments were performed. Bleeding from all incisions was stopped completely after HIFU treatment. The average times to control and completely arrest the hemorrhage were 28 and 55 seconds, respectively. The mechanisms of hemostasis appeared to be thermally induced coagulation necrosis of splenic tissue and occlusion of blood vessels by a mechanically induced homogenized splenic tissue. HIFU may provide a useful method of hemostasis for actively bleeding spleen. Because of its ability to induce hemostasis at adjustable depth, HIFU may prove to be a useful cauterization method both in the operating room and for patients who are managed nonoperatively.

実験的内リンパ水腫 進行性内リンパ水腫と非進行性内リンパ水腫

Since the first reports of endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere's disease by Yamakawa and Hallpike & Cairns in 1938, various attempts have been made to induce endolymphatic hydrops experimentally in animals. We reviewed the literature from 1947 to 1990 on methods of inducing experimental endolympphatic hydrops and summarized these methods on the basis of Schuknecht's classification of human endolymphatic hydrops into progressive and non-progressive types. The progressive pattern of hydrops was induced experimentally in guinea pigs using the silver nitrate cauterization method developed in our department in 1981. This type of experimental endolymphatic hydrops has been found particularly suitable as an animal model of Meniere's disease, since endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere's disease is always of the progressive pattern.

The Effects of Peyer';s Patches Inactivation in the Rat on the Development of Antibody-Forming Cells to Intestinal Antigen

The effects of Peyer's patch (PP) inactivation on local and systemic immune response in rats was investigated. A cauterization method has been developed to inactivate PP. Animals were primed intraperitoneally or intragastrically with trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet haemocyanin (TNP-KLH) one day before cauterization, and were challenged intraintestinally two weeks later. The secondary immune response in the spleen, mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and intestinal villi was studied by immunohistochemistry. Histological observations on PP after inactivation showed that most T cells in the interfollicular area had disappeared, as had B cells in the follicle. T cells repopulated PP much slower than B cells. Complete recovery of PP occurred no earlier than 2 weeks after inactivation. The immunization experiments revealed higher numbers of anti-TNP antibody-forming cells (anti-TNP AFC) of IgM, IgG and IgA isotypes in the spleen of the PP-inactivated animals than in the controls. Very few anti-TNP AFC were found locally in the lamina propria of the intestinal villi or in the MLN in both groups. It is suggested that PP playa role in the regulation of systemic immune responses against intestinally-administered thymus-dependent antigen. Moreover, inactivation of PP could alter the antigen uptake by gut epithelium and the local antigen processing. As a result, an increased amount of antigen could reach the spleen eliciting a higher immune response.

HEMORRHAGE FROM THE BOWEL FOLLOWING APPENDECTOMY.

The question of hemorrhage from the stump of the amputated appendix, treated by inversion and pursestring suture, was brought to the attention of the profession in 1904 by Dr. M. G. Seelig, 1 who quoted three cases of severe hemorrhage from the rectum following operation. In a paper read before the Chicago Medical Society Dr. William Hessert 2 reported three cases of postoperative hemorrhage from the stump, with a fatal issue in one instance. In the discussion that followed four cases of hemorrhage were reported, with one fatality. In Dr. John A. Wyeth's paper entitled the Technic of Appendectomy, read before the American Medical Association at the Fifty-eighth Annual Session, 3 a number of similar cases were reported, the purse-string method was considered unsafe and the ligature and the cauterization method was recommended. A careful perusal of the above articles shows that postoperative hemorrhage has been observed when the following