Causes Of Violence Research Articles

CAUSING FACTORS OF MIGRATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS

The said article on the study of the migration process of the motivation and push factors for migration and analysis of the human rights of the people, the cause of the migration of one state party can be the cause of human rights as the citizens of the country who make the behavior as a decision and on the other hand, it is very important for the migrants. There are many contributing factors to migration, including economic, political, socio-political, human rights factors, natural, health-related, cultural and educational factors. States where the level of social and economic life is low, human rights are not protected, the citizen has no income, there are small and unpromising opportunities for employment, due to which the unstable political environment loses a large part of citizens over time, therefore migration can be due to both labor and family factors. The article also discusses the facts of migration and the directions caused by political factors and coldblooded confrontations in the past, the First and Second World Wars led to the largest-scale migrations and changes in residential location. Also important is the structure and nature of migration, which can be shaped by the causes of violence and war. In international migration, human rights are particularly relevant and important, systemic or legal problems before leaving the country, and the attitudes of migrants towards them in the receiving state, are their rights fully protected? The important research results in the article are: Migration has acquired its character based on historical facts from the past, for example population migration is frequent from East Africa to North Africa, from East Africa to Europe, as well as population migration from Islamic states to Europe due to the insecurity of the population, especially women’s rights, with the motive of providing physical protection and security. The desire to get an education and simply to travel remains a contributing factor to migration among young people. The factors causing migration in international migration remain: the right to life, the right to personal freedom, the right to religious freedom, freedom of movement and movement, freedom of speech, the right to physical security. Key words: migration, challenge, human, right.

Effect of Post-traumatic Amnesia Duration on Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) First Year Hospital Costs: A Veterans Affairs Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study

ObjectiveTo examine the association between severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) as measured by duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) and first year hospitalization costs for service members and veterans (SMVs) treated for TBI at Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers (PRCs) within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). DesignMultivariable models of merged datasets from the VA TBI Model Systems (VA TBIMS) national database containing TBI clinical characterization including PTA with VHA hospital cost data. SettingFive VA PRCs. ParticipantsVA TBIMS participants with known PTA who received inpatient rehabilitation within 1 year of their TBI at any of 5 PRCs between 2010 and 2020 (N=717). InterventionsN/A. Main Outcome MeasuresTotal, acute care, rehabilitation, intensive care unit (ICU), and surgery costs across all VA hospitals. ResultsA total of 717 SMVs (mean age 36.9 years, 94.1% men, 76.8% non-Hispanic White, 7.8% active duty) met inclusion criteria for the unadjusted analyses. Unadjusted mean total hospital costs in the first-year post TBI were approximately $201,214 higher for those with PTA duration ≥24 hours ($351,157) than PTA <24 hours ($149,943). In adjusted models (n=583), each additional day of PTA duration incrementally increased total ($1453), rehabilitation ($1324), ICU ($78), and surgery ($39) costs. Other significant covariates included age, acute care length of stay, Disability Rating Scale on rehabilitation admission, penetrating violent cause of injury, and drug abuse. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that PTA as a quantitative measure of TBI severity significantly affects first-year hospitalization costs of SMVs treated at PRCs. Each additional day of PTA was associated with higher total, rehabilitation, ICU, and surgery costs. Mean first year hospital costs were also found to exceed the highest budget allocation to VHA facilities for a veteran treated at a PRC. These findings have possible implications for hospital care provision for those receiving inpatient rehabilitation in VHA settings.

ANALYSIS OF GUILLERMO LASSO'S GOVERNMENT PROPOSAL TO COMBAT THE HIGH RATE OF INSECURITY IN THE COUNTRY AND ITS EXISTING LEGAL FRAMEWORK

This research analyzes the proposal of Guillermo Lasso's government to combat the high level of insecurity in Ecuador. In recent months, insecurity in Ecuador has increased in cases of crime and violent death, especially in cases of hired killings in the country.Different official studies define this moment in history as the "new wars" that several countries in the region are going through. There are no hierarchical and vertical structures in the new wars as in wars against conventional armies. The new structure allows "various leaders to make decisions in an agile and decentralized manner, alliances between the most diverse organizations, and this element makes them so difficult to fight". Organized crime also encompasses a large number of actors linked to different activities. Criminal groups such as Los Lobos, Lagartos, Chone Killers and Latin Kings, and other small criminal gangs, manage to group in a sort of corporation to join forces. While in the "old wars," the objective was the appropriation of territory, nowadays, this territory is conquered through the political control of the population.The Government of Guille Lasso proposes four axes:The first is the containment of the levels of violence, for which the preventive, investigative and intelligence axes will be activated.2.- The second point is to activate Police Intelligence to remove the organizations dedicated to the micro-exchange of drugs from anonymity. The government points out that small and large-scale drug trafficking is the leading cause of violence in the area.The third point of the plan is dismantling large criminal organizations that generate violence. For this purpose, the special units and tactical groups of the National Police will be used.Finally, work will be done on sustainability, for which the empowerment and participation of the community are fundamental. Uniformed officers will make plans to strengthen relations with citizens to prevent organized gangs from occupying areas of the cities.

Przemoc wobec kobiet z niepełnosprawnościami

Available research classifies disability as a risk factor for exposure to violence and degrading treatment. Among people with disabilities, women are a group particularly vulnerable to violence. The purpose of the article is to show that violence against women with disabilities is of a different nature than violence against women without disabilities, or against men with disabilities. The causes of violence against this group are related to a range of cultural, political and socio-economic factors and are rooted in social norms about the nature and type of disability and gender roles. These causes cannot be analysed in isolation, because only by bringing out their intersectional complexity can the specificity of the phenomenon be revealed.

Proceedings from the Second Medical Summit on Firearm Injury Prevention, 2022: Creating a Sustainable Healthcare Coalition to Advance a Multidisciplinary Public Health Approach.

Proceedings from the Second Medical Summit on Firearm Injury Prevention, 2022: Creating a Sustainable Healthcare Coalition to Advance a Multidisciplinary Public Health Approach.

Bibliometric Studies Perspective on Child Protection Policy

For this inquiry, papers from international journals that are indexed by SCOPUS are accessed using the VosViewer 1.6.17 software. Nonetheless, 533 articles from the years 1975 to 2021 were picked with the keywords ”CHILD PROTECTION, CHID ABUSE, AND CHILD POLICY.” Scholarly interest in this subject increased significantly between the years 2017 and 2021; the highest year was 2018 when 50 publications on the subject of child protection were published. In general, the findings of bibliometric study on ”CHILD PROTECTION, CHILD ABUSE, AND CHILD POLICY,” especially forms of violence and the causes of violence against children, are currently being researched in the field of psychology. Child safety and public policy are still hotly debated subjects. So far, there are just 18 articles.&#x0D; Keywords: child protection, child abuse, child policy, bibliometrics

Violence on the front line: a qualitative comparative analysis of the causes of patient violence towards medical staff in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19, reduced funding and a shortage of healthcare workers has led to growing international concern about patient violence towards medical staff in medical settings. As the number of reported physical and verbal assaults increases, many medical staff are considering leaving their positions due to the resulting impact on their mental and physical wellbeing, creating a critical need to understand the causes for violence towards medical staff working on the front line. This study aims to examine the causes for patient violence towards medical staff in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. A case library was created containing twenty reported incidents of patient violence towards medical staff during the pandemic in China. Based on the Triadic Reciprocal Determinism (TRD) theory, we identify the personal, environmental, and behavioral factors, that cause incidents of violence towards medical staff. The outcome was set as 'Medical Staff Casualties', referring to whether, due to the violence experienced, the medical staff member was injured or died, or only experienced threatening or insulting behavior. Data was analyzed using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to clarify the relationship between the different conditions and their relationship with the outcome. The study's results reveal that Relationship Closeness is a necessary condition for patient violence in the presence of outcome. Secondly, four distinct types of causes for patient violence towards medical staff were identified: Strong Relationship Oriented Violence, Healthcare Resources and Services Mismatched Violence, Violence caused by Ineffective Patient-Physician Communication, and Ineffective Communication Superimposed Low Patient Compliance Violence. Scientific guidance is provided for the creation of measures to prevent future violence towards medical staff from occurring. Strict precautions should be taken for preventing violence to protect a healthy society and harmonious medical environment, emphasizing the need for joint governance of multiple participants.

King Olaf's men? Contextualizing Viking burials at S:t Olofsholm, Gotland, Sweden

AbstractThe discovery of burials at S:t Olofsholm, a site associated with the Saint Olaf cult on Gotland in Sweden, has enabled a bioarchaeological contextualization of medieval legends and sagas in conjunction with the archaelogical record. This study seeks to illuminate who were buried at S:t Olofsholm, through a biocultural lens, and whether these burials can be linked to folklore and sagas associated with the site. Five burials of possibly six individuals (cal. AD 980–1270) were assessed macroscopically and through stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, and δ18O) of incremental dentine, bulk enamel, and bone samples. Sagas and legends associated with S:t Olofsholm mention episodes of conflict and contact involving King Olaf Haraldsson of Norway (later canonized as Saint Olaf), Gutes and Icelanders, and travels between Norway and Kyiv Rus. Two (or three) burials show signs of violent deaths, including evidence of sharp force trauma and burning. Isotope analyses indicate local and non‐local signals, with possible links to southern Scandinavia, Britain, Iceland, the Baltics, and Kyiv Rus. In general, the evidence neither challenges nor confirms the legends and sagas associated with S:t Olofsholm. Instead, the findings illustrate the site's function as an early Christian place of worship within a wider Viking world that was characterized by travel and contact across the Baltic Sea, Scandinavia, and beyond. The burials at S:t Olofsholm are likely to be non‐normative as indicated by their place of interment and the violent cause of death of most individuals.

The Nexus between Violence against Children and Public Health: The Experiences of Oromo People in Ethiopia

Background: Violence and public health have always been viewed as distinct, non-overlapping social issues. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that violence is contagious, has incubation periods, is predictable, and is preventable. For example, in Ethiopia, racist ideas are instilled in formal and informal schools. Those ideas resulted in consecutive collective violence that ravaged Oromia-Ethiopia. Therefore, societies must think and act “upstream” to prevent violence. Objectives: This study aims to collect and evaluate the causes of violence against children and their relationship to public health to give theoretical and practical justifications and methods for “Upstream” solutions. Methodology: Using a systemic thinking framework, captured the underlying causes of violence against children and its public health repercussions. Findings: Violence in general and violence against children is an enduring problem. Racist theories taught in schools inform the Ethiopian government to covertly and overtly promote collective violence. The Ethiopian government collectively attacked the Oromo people, their institutions, and their leadership and legalized structural inequalities. Collective violence has eroded social protective factors, increased risks, and widened violence against children. Violence against children is a multiplier of social problems. Unless we apply public health strategies, slash the risks, and foster the development of protective social conditions, the problem will aggravate. Conclusions: The significant causes of violence against children are racist theories, collective violence, climate change, and poverty. Understanding the causes of violence through public health lenses offers theoretical and practical tools to foster peace. If Oromos can freely determine their affairs, they will better identify their problems and solutions. The Oromo people's efforts to self-determine their affairs are part and parcel of strategies to widen their choices, tackle structural violence, and progressively create healthy social conditions where children's growth and development can flourish.

Exploring the use of body-worn cameras in acute mental health wards: A qualitative interview study with mental health patients and staff

BackgroundBody-worn cameras are increasingly being used as a violence prevention tool in inpatient mental health wards. However, there is a dearth of research on their use in these settings, particularly when it comes to patient perspectives. ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the perspectives of patients, mental health staff, and senior management on body-worn cameras to identify the possible impacts of this technology in inpatient mental health settings. DesignThis was an exploratory qualitative study. SettingWe undertook interviews online and in-person on a number of acute inpatient wards across five mental health hospitals in England. Participants were recruited in-person, online via social media, and through professional networks. ParticipantsThis study recruited 24 patients from acute wards, 25 staff from acute wards, six Mental Health Nursing Directors, and nine community-based patients. MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted online and in-person. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Ethical approval was granted by the Health Research Authority. ResultsThe subjective nature of how violence and aggression is defined shapes how staff and patients view the prospect of using body-worn cameras. Both staff and patients cited issues resulting from an underlying culture of mistrust in inpatient settings that leave staff and patients feeling unsafe. Body worn cameras may intensify power dynamics and undermine therapeutic relationships. Participants felt that engaging existing interventions and addressing systemic causes of violence and aggression should take priority over introducing body-worn cameras. ConclusionsThere is no indication that staff or patients believe body-worn cameras will deter violence and aggression on inpatient mental health wards. They may serve as a tool for safeguarding and staff training, but there are still unexplored ethical concerns about their use and a lack of evidence to support use of this technology to deter violence in NHS mental health settings. Tweetable abstractMental health patients & staff have complex perspectives on controversial body-worn camera technology @thekeiranwilson @unafoye @maddych4dwick @gbrennancafc @cityalan.

Diagnosis of asphyxiation in advanced decomposed corpses by using Oil-Red-O Stain and immunohistochemical technology

BackgroundThe unambiguous diagnosis of asphyxiation is still a major challenge for the forensic pathologist, especially in terms of highly advanced decomposed corps. MethodologyIn order to demonstrate asphyxiation particularly in profoundly putrid bodies we hypothesized that hypoxic stress is basically responsible for generalized fatty degeneration of visceral organs which can be detected by histological examination using a special staining technique referred to as Oil-Red-O Stain (Sudan III-red-B-stain). To test this hypothesis we examined different tissues (myocardium, liver, lung and kidney) of 107 people divided into 5 groups. These are: (i) 71 case-victims who were found in a truck and died most likely due to asphyxiation, whereby any other violent or natural cause of death was ruled out by postmortem examination; (ii) 10 barely decomposed positive-control-victims; (iii) 6 non-decomposed positive-control-victims; iv) 10 drowning non-decomposed positive-control victims, and v) 10 negative-control-victims. Apart from general histological special staining methods, an immunohistochemically approach as a case-control-study on lung tissues of same individuals was carried out by means of using two polyclonal rabbit-antibodies against (i) HIF-1-α (Hypoxia Inducing Factor-1 alpha) and (ii) SP-A (pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A) to detect both the transcription factor and pulmonary surfactants. The positive proof of already either of them gives evidence of death caused by hypoxia. ResultsHistological examination of myocardium, liver and kidney of the 71 case-victims and the 10 positive-control-victims using Oil-Red-O Stain showed a fatty degeneration of small droplet type; there was no evidence for fatty degeneration in tissues of the 10 negative-control-victims. These findings strongly indicate a causal association between oxygen deficiency and generalized fatty degeneration of viscera due to insufficient oxygen supply. In terms of methodology, this special staining technique seems to be very informative, even applicable on decomposed corps. Results of immunohistochemistry indicate that on the one hand the detection of HIF-1α is not possible to perform on (advanced) putrid bodies, whereas the verification of SP-A is still feasible on the other. ConclusionPositive Oil-Red-O staining and the immunohistochemical detection of SP-A can serve as a serious hint for the diagnosis of asphyxia on putrid corpses, considering other circumstances of death that have been determined.

Forced Displacement and Violence Against Children in Bidibidi Refugee Settlement

This study sought to examine the impact of forced displacement on violence against children. Forced displacement relates to the coerced movement of persons because of either natural or manmade disaster, while violence against children refers to the deliberate usage of physical force or power, either threatened or actual, on oneself, another child or a group of children with resultant impact on the child’s physical, emotional, and psychological wellbeing. The study was guided by three objectives which included examining the causes of violence against children in the Bidibidi refugee settlement, examining the forms of violence against children in the Bidibidi Refugee settlement, and examining the effectiveness of existing mechanisms to prevent and respond to violence against children in Bidibidi Refugee settlement. In this study, the researcher adopted mixed-method research where both qualitative and quantitative data was collected. The researcher also applied descriptive research to carry out the study. The population of the study was 283,000 from which a sample of 399 was arrived at using the Slovene formula for sample size determination. Respondents were sampled through stratified sampling technique for the survey respondents and purposive sampling for the Key informants. Data was collected using questionnaires, interview guides and focused group discussion guides and was analysed using mean and standard deviation. The study found out that VAC is happening in Bidibidi and is being influenced by several factors including separation of children from parents, lack of livelihood opportunities for caregivers, and lack of awareness raising on child rights. The study further found that unaccompanied children (UACs) in foster care, child-headed households, and adolescent girls are the main categories of children at heightened risk of sexual, physical, and emotional violence.

Violence and economic development in Mexico: a panel data cointegration approach

ABSTRACT Worldwide, it is widely recognized that violent conflicts constrain economic growth and development. Thus, it is necessary to research and analyse the main causes of violence and their relationship with development. This paper analyses how violence has affected economic development in the Mexican context during the 2000–2015 period. It takes into account that in the last decade, this country has had increased levels of violence, especially since the ‘war on drugs’ against drug trafficking was promulgated in 2006. This study uses different econometric models that apply the assessments of the panel unit root and cointegration tests and panel cointegration estimation. The results indicate that the tests used to validate the data allow the panel data cointegration relationships to be calculated. They demonstrate the existence of a long-run relationship between violence and economic development. Specifically, the results take into account that gross domestic product per capita and public investments have inverse relationships with the homicide rate, whereas poverty, unemployment, illiteracy and the Gini index have direct relationships with the homicide rate. Moreover, violence is strongly related to the deterrence variables. The findings of this study demonstrate that drug trafficking explains the increased violence in Mexico. Thus, it is important to develop and formulate adequate policies to control this situation, take measures to control violence starting with its root causes and promote social and economic development with a strategy to strengthen legal activities in society.

Sociological features of violence among students in conditions of social crisis

Violence is a dynamic process, a rapidly changing phenomenon having a regional manifestation. The causes of violence in a school environment are complex and arise from various factors of a personal and societal nature. The research interest is related to the review of current issues related to violence, physical education and sports, as well as normative aspects of regulation to optimize social processes in the specific sphere, as part of the processes taking place in our society. The purpose of the empirical sociological research is to establish the content and characteristics of violence among students at school, ways to overcome and control in conditions of social crisis. To solve the main tasks, achieve the goal and prove the hypothesis, a complex methodology of researching literary and normative sources, content analysis was applied. Based on an in-depth analysis of qualitative and quantitative data in several metropolitan schools, the dominant causes and factors of student violence are explored. The impact of physical education and sports as a factor in the prevention of violence is analysed. Conclusion: the prevention of violence in schools between students requires systematic actions and specialized training, preparation of all institutions, educational programs in support of tolerance.

Violent Experiences Suffered by Pre-Hospital Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This work was carried out to determine the causes of violence against Prehospital Emergency Medical Services Personnel (PHEMSP) who performed their duties without any special security measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and who were subjected to violence because of their work. The approach of this research is in accordance with case study design, which is concerned with the examination of unique cases. For this study, a volunteer announcement was made on social media for PHEMSPs from 3 different branches (Emergency Medical Technicians or EMTs, paramedics, and doctors) who had been actively working in ambulances during the transportation of COVID-19 patients throughout the pandemic, and who had declared that they were subjected to verbal abuse or physical violence. The data was collected through structured interviews from 60 voluntary participants. As a result of the analysis of the data, 3 main themes were revealed as the source of violence that PHEMSPs had been exposed to during the pandemic. They are the following: (1) violence caused by the nature of the disease, (2) violence caused by society, and (3) violence caused by working areas and systems. The reasons which created these themes, were accepted as codes. The codes that arose due to the theme of (1) violence caused by the nature of the disease were 'the fear of contagion,' 'the requirement for disinfection,' and 'triage problems,' which caused both verbal abuse and physical violence. In addition to these codes, the code of 'stigma' due to protective equipment was found only to elicit verbal abuse. The codes for the theme (2) 'violence caused by society,' were determined as societal perceptions regarding high wages, attempts to misuse health services, and distrust. All 3 of these codes were found to evoke both verbal abuse and physical violence. The codes for the theme (3) 'violence caused by working areas and systems,' included team mismatch in PHEMSPs, resignation ban, and long working hours, as well as mismatch between in-hospital HCWs and PHEMSPs, mobbing, feeling unsupported, and gender disadvantage. It has been revealed among these codes that only the team mismatch in PHEMSPs caused both verbal abuse and physical violence, while all the others only lead to verbal abuse. If a 0 tolerance for 'violence in the healthcare system' is to be targeted, it should start in the pre-hospital phase and with all PHEMSPs, since this is the 0 point where the healthcare system, and patients first meet. Additionally, this group should be considered a vulnerable group for workplace violence (WPV), especially due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Witchcraft Accusations and the Tort of Defamation in Anglophone Africa

AbstractWitchcraft beliefs are a major cause of violence against vulnerable groups in many African countries. People accused of being witches are often ostracised/banished, physically assaulted, tortured, and/or murdered. However, there are rare instances when persons accused of being witches sue their accusers for defamation. In such cases, the courts are often invited to address whether witchcraft imputations amount to defamation and, if so, under what circumstances. The present study explores the Anglophone African courts’ attitudes towards witchcraft-related defamation claims, examining how various judicial bodies in five countries—Botswana, Ghana, Namibia, South Africa, and Tanzania—have navigated the convoluted and sometimes confusing system of legal pluralism since the 1970s. The study shows that courts in various African countries apply several principles when resolving witchcraft-related defamation claims. However, they generally concur that recklessly imputing witchcraft to a person necessarily impairs that person's dignity and is actionable per se.

Who Is at High Risk for Child Abuse and Neglect: Risk Assessment among Battered Women Using Shelter Services.

The intersections between intimate partner violence (IPV) and child abuse and neglect (CAN) have received growing attention from the research community. However, there is limited research examining the risk factors for CAN among children of battered women who have experienced severe IPV and seek refuge in shelters. In the current study, we examined the co-occurrence of IPV and CAN and the risk factors for CAN in a sample of battered women. We recruited 260 battered women who were staying in women's shelters in Hong Kong. We analyzed the data collected from the risk assessment reports of battered women and focused on IPV against women, CAN, and risk assessment. Nearly half of the battered women had reported both IPV against themselves and CAN against their children. These women were, in general, younger, unemployed, and had been living in Hong Kong for less than seven years as new immigrants. Other risk factors for CAN in violent families included women's conflicts with their partner and abusers with higher levels of stress and approval of violence. This exploratory study of risk factors for the co-occurrence of IPV and CAN advances our understanding of the causes of violence against women and children in families with violence. Our findings suggest that additional integrated services should be offered to both battered women and their children during their stay in shelters and after shelter departure. Addressing IPV and CAN and reducing adverse consequences needs greater collaboration among the various stakeholders across the social services, health, educational, and legal sectors.

Faktor-Faktor Konflik Di Republik Yaman Berdasarkan Perspektif Abdul Hadi Awang Dan Kesannya Kepada Keadilan Sosial Factors of Conflict in The Republic of Yemen Based on Abdul Hadi Awang’s Perspective and Its Impact on Social Justice

Yemen has historically been plagued by war and internal upheaval, which has contributed to the geopolitical instability of the republic. The unrest that started 59 years ago has continued in Yemen until the current conflict. The unrest in this republic is brought on by a number of factors. These factors will be detemined and examined based on the perspective of the Honorable (YB) Tan Sri Dato Seri Haji Abdul Hadi bin Awang, Member of Parliament for Marang, Terengganu. Abdul Hadi Awang once went to Yemen in 2010 with a delegation from the Islamic Party of Malaysia (PAS) In order to offer a resolution to the crisis in this nation. Data collection and data analysis are the two main methods that were used. In this study, documentation approaches were used to obtain any relevant data. The thematic analysis and content analysis was utilised to analyse the data. The study's conclusions, in light of other researchers' work and the data provided, show that the causes of violence in the Republic of Yemen, as seen from Abdul Hadi Awang's perspective, are substantial. The power rivalry between Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran as well as the country's weak government are two factors that contribute to instability in the Republic of Yemen.

Faktor-Faktor Konflik Di Republik Yaman Berdasarkan Perspektif Abdul Hadi Awang Dan Kesannya Kepada Keadilan Sosial Factors of Conflict in The Republic of Yemen Based on Abdul Hadi Awang’s Perspective and Its Impact on Social Justice

Yemen has historically been plagued by war and internal upheaval, which has contributed to the geopolitical instability of the republic. The unrest that started 59 years ago has continued in Yemen until the current conflict. The unrest in this republic is brought on by a number of factors. These factors will be detemined and examined based on the perspective of the Honorable (YB) Tan Sri Dato Seri Haji Abdul Hadi bin Awang, Member of Parliament for Marang, Terengganu. Abdul Hadi Awang once went to Yemen in 2010 with a delegation from the Islamic Party of Malaysia (PAS) In order to offer a resolution to the crisis in this nation. Data collection and data analysis are the two main methods that were used. In this study, documentation approaches were used to obtain any relevant data. The thematic analysis and content analysis was utilised to analyse the data. The study's conclusions, in light of other researchers' work and the data provided, show that the causes of violence in the Republic of Yemen, as seen from Abdul Hadi Awang's perspective, are substantial. The power rivalry between Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran as well as the country's weak government are two factors that contribute to instability in the Republic of Yemen.

Implementation of Child Protection Policy in Lhokseumawe City

This study examines the Implementation of Child Protection Policies in Lhokseumawe City. The qanun used is Qanun Number 11 of 2008 concerning child protection. The problem that occurs in this study is that there is still violence and exploitation of children in Lhokseumawe City. The formulation of the problem in this study is how to implement government policies in protecting children in Lhokseumawe City and why there are still children exploited in Lhokseumawe City. The focus of this research is the implementation of government policies in protecting children in Lhokseumawe City and the causes of the occurrence of cases of exploitation of children that still occur in Lhokseumawe City. The purpose of the study is to find out and describe the implementation of government policies in protecting children in Lhokseumawe City, especially those related to the rights of a child and to find out the causes of violence and exploitation of children that still occur in Lhokseumawe City. This research method using qualitative approach methods. Based on the results of this study, it was obtained that in handling violence and exploitation in children, socialization programs were carried out to schools and counseling to each village. In handling violence and exploitation of children, it is carried out with existing SOPs. The obstacles are the lack of community care, lack of facilities and infrastructure and closed access to victims, making it difficult for handlers.