Cause Of Stability Research Articles

Concept of Aahar in Kashyap Samhita

Kashyap Samhita, provides profound insights into the concept of Aahar (diet) and its significance in maintaining health and preventing diseases. Diet is said to be the cause of stability for sustaining the life of all living beings. Acharya Kashyap in Khila Sthana quotes Aahar as Mahabhaishajyam i.e., no medicine will act as good as food. The person consuming Pathya (congenial) attains health while the one consuming Apathya (non-congenial) is oppressed by illness immediately. Tushti, Pushti, Dhriti, Buddhi, Utsaah, Paurush, Bala, Sausvaryam, Ojas and Tejas are the ideal nutritional markers. According to Ayurvedic dietary concept, different Aahar Kalpana is prescribed for various age groups of children. These formulations are based on factors such as taste, potency, post digestive effects, principles of food combination and timing. This review delves into the approach towards therapeutic aspects of Aahar in managing various ailments and promoting longevity.

The stability and change of wellbeing across the lifespan: a longitudinal twin-sibling study.

Wellbeing is relatively stable over the life span. However, individuals differ in this stability and change. One explanation for these differences could be the influence of different genetic or environmental factors on wellbeing over time. To investigate causes of stability and change of wellbeing across the lifespan, we used cohort-sequential data on wellbeing from twins and their siblings of the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) (total N = 46.885, 56% females). We organized wellbeing data in multiple age groups, from childhood (age 5), to adolescence, up to old age (age 61+). Applying a longitudinal genetic simplex model, we investigated the phenotypic stability of wellbeing and continuity and change in genetic and environmental influences. Wellbeing peaked in childhood, decreased during adolescence, and stabilized during adulthood. In childhood and adolescence, around 40% of the individual differences was explained by genetic effects. The heritability decreased toward old adulthood (35-24%) and the contribution of unique environmental effects increased to 76%. Environmental innovation was found at every age, whereas genetic innovation was only observed during adolescence (10-18 years). In childhood and adulthood, the absence of genetic innovation indicates a stable underlying set of genes influencing wellbeing during these life phases. These findings provide insights into the stability and change of wellbeing and the genetic and environmental influences across the lifespan. Genetic effects were mostly stable, except in adolescence, whereas the environmental innovation at every age suggests that changing environmental factors are a source of changes in individual differences in wellbeing over time.

Editorial introduction: Punctuated equilibrium, multiple streams, environmental governance, and many more

Editorial introduction: Punctuated equilibrium, multiple streams, environmental governance, and many more

Biogenic Orthorhombic α-Calcium Formate from Sediments of Alkali Lake, Oregon, USA

Centimeter-sized crystals of orthorhombic calcium formate, α-Ca(HCO2)2 from Alkali Lake, Oregon, USA have been studied by means of powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy. Based on the data on carbon isotope abundance in calcium formate and associated minerals, it was concluded that the formation of α-Ca(HCO2)2 may be a result of a combination of two factors: lake microbial metabolism and anthropogenic pollution with Agent Orange. Possible causes of stability of the low-density tetragonal β-Ca(HCO2)2 polymorph (formicaite) in boron ores are discussed.

Русская Сибирь на фоне изменений государственности

The issue of preserving the integrity of Russia is of interest both in Russia itself and in other States. Statehood remains the object of close attention, both of our friends and opponents. The disintegration and disappearance of Russia was predicted by J. Kiez. Brzezinski did a lot for the destruction of Russia. It is impossible to list all those interested. But Russia, under various names, was recovering from difficult times, remaining one of the significant players in geopolitics. The purpose of the article is to identify the cause of stability in Russia. The publication aims to analyze ways to preserve the territorial integrity of Russia, identify the reasons for its decentralization, identify threats to the integrity of the Russian state, and identify the place of Siberia in Russia. The conclusion of the article is that Russia has a significant margin of safety, and the inhabitants of Siberia consistently identify themselves as an integral part of the Russian people

The Significance of the Exchange Rates: A Survey of the Literature

Since the collapse of the Bretton Woods in the late 1970’s, the international monetary system has been dominated by the floating exchange rate system. The currencies around the world are mainly determined by the laws of the supply and demand. International trade has been the engine of growth and the cause of stability in many countries. International trade flows have increased extremely over the last three decades. The reduction of trade and policy barriers have contributed in the rise of global trade, but the interesting question is if the exchange rates play any role in international economic relations. An important aspect of the relationship between the exchange rates and the international economic relations is the intensity of the effect. To examine the intensity of this relation, we must mention the connection among exchange rates with the economy and trade. Due to the fact every country—developed or developing—targets economic growth, the investigation of the relationship of the exchange rate with the economy is important. Moreover, the exchange rate affects the trade volume and the current account, so the exploration of the exchange rate with the trade performance is necessary. The aim of this paper is to survey the economic literature on the relationship between exchange rates and global economic relations.

Exploration of Chromone-Based Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives: SC-XRD/DFT, Spectral (IR, UV-Vis) Characterization, and Quantum Chemical Analysis.

By the condensation of thiosemicarbazide with coumarin aldehyde, two novel substituted thiosemicarbazones with chemical formulae C24H25N3O3S (3a) and C26H23N3O3S (3b) have been synthesized. The synthesized compounds were resolved using SC-XRD, and structure elucidation was carried out using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV–visible, and FT-IR spectroscopic analyses. Computational calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory were performed to countercheck the experimental (UV–vis, FT-IR) findings and explore the electronic (FMO, NBO, MEP) properties of 3a–b. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of 3a–b were estimated using B3LYP, HF, LC-BLYP, CAM-B3LYP, M062X, and M06 functionals in combination with the 6-311+G(d,p) basis set. The crystallographic data revealed that compounds were crystallized as an orthorhombic crystal lattice with the Pbcn space group and the triclinic crystal lattice with the P̅1 space group. A good concurrence among experimental SC-XRD-generated bond lengths, bond angles, FT-IR, UV–vis, and corresponding DFT results was found, which confirms the purity of both compounds. The NBO analysis confirmed the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding and hyperconjugative interactions, which not only were the pivotal cause of stability of the investigated compounds but also led to an overwhelming NLO response. The energy differences calculated for HOMO/LUMO are 3.053 and 3.118 eV in 3a and 3b, respectively. The crystal 3b showed a higher value of first-order polarizability at all levels of theory than 3a. Overall results show that the crystals under investigation are polarized in nature with a good dipole moment. A comparative analysis with urea molecules clearly indicates that the studied compounds are acceptable NLO candidates and they can be used for future technological applications.

An Experimental and Computational Exploration on the Electronic, Spectroscopic, and Reactivity Properties of Novel Halo-Functionalized Hydrazones.

Herein, halo-functionalized hydrazone derivatives “2-[(6′-chloroazin-2′-yl)oxy]-N′-(2-fluorobenzylidene) aceto-hydrazone (CPFH), 2-[(6′-chloroazin-2′-yl)oxy]-N′-(2-chlorobenzylidene) aceto-hydrazones (CCPH), 2-[(6′-chloroazin-2′-yl)oxy]-N′-(2-bromobenzylidene) aceto-hydrazones (BCPH)” were synthesized and structurally characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and UV–vis spectroscopic techniques. Computational studies using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent DFT at CAM-B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level of theory were performed for comparison with spectroscopic data (FT-IR, UV–vis) and for elucidation of the structural parameters, natural bond orbitals (NBOs), natural population analysis, frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of hydrazones derivatives (CPFH, CCPH, and BCPH). Consequently, an excellent complement between the experimental data and the DFT-based results was achieved. The NBO analysis confirmed that the presence of hyper conjugative interactions was pivotal cause for stability of the investigated compounds. The energy gaps in CPFH, CCPH, and BCPH were found as 7.278, 7.241, and 7.229 eV, respectively. Furthermore, global reactivity descriptors were calculated using the FMO energies in which global hardness revealed that CPFH was more stable and less reactive as compared to BCPH and CCPH. NLO findings disclosed that CPFH, CCPH, and BCPH have superior properties as compared to the prototype standard compound, which unveiled their potential applications for optoelectronic technology.

Stability and resilience in a nutrient-phytoplankton marine ecosystem model

AbstractWe seek to understand, in mathematical terms, the causes of stability in marine phytoplankton biomass. The stability of a simple, mixed-layer-phytoplankton-nutrient model is analysed. Primary production is modelled as a non-linear function of nutrient concentration and light. The steady state of the model system is demonstrated to be stable with a linear relation between steady state biomass and nutrients. The causes of stability are shown to be shading and nutrient limitation. When only light limitation and shading are taken into account, the steady state is a sink node. However, when nutrient limitation is taken into account, without shading, the steady state can be either a sink node or a spiral sink. The transition from a sink node to a spiral sink occurs when normalized mixed layer production becomes larger than the equivalent influx rate of nutrients into the mixed layer, demonstrating that nutrient limitation of production is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for oscillatory solutions. In both cases, the characteristic return times are derived explicitly. The effect of shading is found to cause the depression of the steady state towards lower biomass than would otherwise be attainable. The influence of mixed-layer depth variation on stability is also analysed.

Benzenesulfonohydrazides inhibiting urease: Design, synthesis, their in vitro and in silico studies

Keeping in view the therapeutic importance of ureases due to its involvement in different pathological conditions, its inhibition was investigated by newly synthesized benzenesulfonohydrazides. Elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral studies were performed to elucidate the structure of benzenesulfonohydrazides. In vitro urease enzyme inhibition assay revealed the compound INS-5 was found to be the most potent (IC50 = 1.11 ± 0.29 μM) among the tested compounds. The compound INS-2 was competitive inhibitor with Ki value 5.60 μM while the compounds INS-1 and INS-5 were mixed type of inhibitors with Ki values 4.32 and 2.76 μM respectively. Ancillary to synthetic studies, DFT and TDDFT calculations at B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory were performed for comparative analysis of spectroscopic data, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and molecule electrostatic potential (MEP) surface. Overall, experimental findings were supported nicely by corresponding DFT computed results. The NBO analysis confirmed that the presence of hyperconjugative interactions are pivotal cause for stability of investigated compounds. Global reactivity descriptors were also calculated using the energies of FMOs energies. Molecular docking studies were performed to identify the plausible binding mode of the competitive inhibitor.

Reconsidering the notions of process, order and stability in Veblen

Abstract Tony Lawson has recently provided an original assessment of the notions of process, order and stability in the writings of Thorstein Veblen, in which he attributes to Veblen an ideational conception of order, while also arguing that Veblen changed his views on the causes of stability, which in earlier writings were attributed to institutions and the ceremonial aspects of life, and in later writings are to be found in human nature. In so doing, Lawson moves away from previous interpretations of Veblen, including Lawson’s own in some respects, especially on the nature of institutions. Here I further extend Lawson’s new interpretation of Veblen in some respects, while challenging some aspects of it. In particular, I discuss whether Veblen really changed his view on the causes of stability, while proposing a generalisation of the Veblenian dichotomy.

The effect of multiple biotic interaction types on species persistence.

No species can persist in isolation from other species, but how biotic interactions affect species persistence is still a matter of inquiry. Is persistence more likely in communities with higher proportion of competing species, or in communities with more positive interactions? How do different components of community structure mediate this relationship? We address these questions using a novel simulation framework that generates realistic communities with varying numbers of species and different proportions of biotic interaction types within and across trophic levels. We show that when communities have fewer species, persistence is more likely if positive interactions-such as mutualism and commensalism-are prevalent. In species-rich communities, the disproportionate effect of positive interactions on persistence is diluted and different combinations of biotic interaction types can coexist without affecting persistence significantly. We present the first theoretical examination of how multiple-interaction networks with varying architectures relate to local species persistence, and provide insight about the underlying causes of stability in communities.

Diamagnetic expulsion as a possible cause of the origin and stability of saturn’s rings

In this work, the problems of a uniformly magnetized sphere in magnetic field are solved for modeling the magnetic properties of Saturn’s rings particles, with the problem of a sphere in an infinite “disk” of evenly distributed identical spheres being formulated and solved for the first time. The found magnetic moments of the spheres are used in deriving the equations of motion of the particles in the gravitational and magnetic field. The solutions of two special cases of these equations indicate that the diamagnetic expulsion in combination with the gravitational attraction to the planet is a plausible cause of stability of Saturn’s rings, and the semi-analytically calculated formation time of the stable orbits is some tens of millennia.

Why Do Voters Change Their Mind during an Election Campaign? An Analysis of the Determinants of Campaign Volatility at the 2014 Belgian Federal Elections

This article examines the causes of stability and change in vote intentions during the 2014 Belgian federal election campaign. Drawing on data from the 2014 Parti Rep Belgian Voter Survey, our study aims to explain why a large number of voters have switched their vote intention in the weeks preceding the federal elections. To this end, we test a series of hypotheses drawn from different theories often referred to in the literature to account for campaign volatility. The results of our analysis reveal that voters can decide to change their vote preferences during the campaign due to strategic considerations related to their perceptions of the coalition potentials of parties. We also find that voters with a low level of political interest are more likely than highly interested voters to switch from one party to another in the weeks preceding the electoral contest. Unsurprisingly, a high degree of affection for the favourite party proves to be a barrier against campaign volatility. The higher the level of affect directed to the most preferred party, the more stable will be the vote intention. Moreover, results show that citizens with a low level of external political efficacy are more prone than others to switch parties in the last weeks of the campaign. By contrast, the ideological profile of the voter has no significant impact on campaign volatility.

Stable Compound of Helium and Sodium at High Pressure

Helium (He) is, on par with Neon, the most inert element in the Periodic Table. Indeed, no conclusive proofs about stable compounds containing chemical bonds with He at ambient conditions have been reported so far. However, pressure significantly affects chemical properties of elements. By using USPEX [1], a software which has been successfully used in the past to predict unexpected high pressure crystal structure [1], we found that above 160 GPa He and Sodium exothermically combine to form the compound Na2He, whose structure is reported in Fig. 1. Quasiharmonic free energy calculations based on computed phonon spectra indicate that the free energy of formation of Na2He is negative and that the latter is barely affected by the temperature (0-800 K range was considered). In order to understand the cause of stability of Na2He, we carried out a thorough study of its electronic structure at various pressures by means of several different approaches including the examination of the band structure and the analysis of real-space descriptors such as the electron density in the framework of the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules [2], the Electron Localization Function [3] and the deformation density. By examining the band structure, we found that such compound is an insulator whose band-gap increases with pressure. Regarding real-space descriptors, two remarkable features of Na2He are the negative charge on He (obtained both using Mulliken and Bader partitioning) and the presence of interstitially localized electrons (i.e. Non-Nuclear Attractors), the latter being detectable in all the analyses above mentioned. In the range 160-350 GPa, the exothermicity associated to the formation of Na2He is mainly due to the volume reduction, while at higher pressures the electronic energy plays a prominent role in the stabilization of this compound. In this contribution we present the results of our study with particular emphasis on the role played by He in the stabilization of Na2He.

Semantic Stability and Implicit Consensus in Social Tagging Streams

One potential disadvantage of social tagging systems is that due to the lack of a centralized vocabulary, a crowd of users may never manage to reach a consensus on the description of resources (e.g., books, images, users, or songs) on the Web. Yet, previous research has provided interesting evidence that the tag distributions of resources in social tagging systems may become semantically stable over time, as more and more users tag them and implicitly agree on the relative importance of tags for a resource. At the same time, previous work has raised an array of new questions such as: 1) how can we assess semantic stability in a robust and methodical way? 2) does the semantic stabilization varies across different social tagging systems and ultimately, and 3) what are the factors that can explain semantic stabilization in such systems? In this work, we tackle these questions by: 1) presenting a novel and robust method, which overcomes a number of limitations in existing methods; 2) empirically investigating semantic stabilization in different social tagging systems with distinct domains and properties; and 3) detecting potential causes of stabilization and implicit consensus, specifically imitation behavior, shared background knowledge and intrinsic properties of natural language. Our results show that tagging streams that are generated by a combination of imitation dynamics and shared background knowledge exhibit faster and higher semantic stability than tagging streams that are generated via imitation dynamics or natural language phenomena alone.

Development of a Liquid Formulation for Proteins for Long Time Storage

Appropriate protein storage conditions are of interest for industrial biotechnology and an integral part to design sustainable biotechnological processes [1]. The molecular mechanisms need to be identified, that throughout the protein lifetime trigger possible but unwanted inactivation [2]. We developed a protocol here fore and discuss it on two systems:The conformational stability of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in solutions of different concentrations of ammonium sulfate was monitored in respect to thermal stabilty by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), change of secondary structure was analyzed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transformation-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and conformational changes upon different ionic strengths were imaged by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). In the second example we discuss the evaluation of the optimal formulation for 8 monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgMs). These were differentiated by DSC and SAXS. Optimized formulations prevented aggregation and fragmentation from shear stress, freeze-thaw cycles, accelerated storage and real time storage at 4°C and −20°C and also preserved immuno reactivity for 12 months. Highest conformational stability was characterized by SAXS. In particular the molecular mechanism for both systems were analyzed and a consistent picture developed, that explain the cause for stabilization. SAXS data indicate decoration of specific domains for both proteins. Mean forces calculated point towards a compaction of the proteins and their stabilization.[1] Monika Mueller, Maybelle Q. T. Loh, Doris H. Y. Tee, Yuansheng Yang and Alois Jungbauer (2013) Liquid Formulations for Long-Term Storage of Monoclonal IgGs. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 169(4):1431-1448.[2] Rupert Tscheliesssnig, Alois Jungbauer, Rene Ueberbacher and Herwig Peterlik (2013) Protein stability at high kosmotropic salt level.submitted to Journal of Chemical Physics B.

Investigation of the mechanical and electronic properties of Ag-Au and Co-Au nanocontacts by the method of first-principle molecular dynamics

The atomic and electronic structures of AgAuAg, AuAgAg, and AuCoCo mixed nanocontacts are investigated by the method of first-principle molecular dynamics. The characteristic interatomic distances in contacts depending on their component composition are determined. The interrelationship between the structural and electronic properties of mixed nanocontacts is shown. The formation of stable bonds between the atoms of various elements in the contact chain, which makes it possible to explain the cause of stabilization and an increase in the contact strength at large interatomic distances is found. It is shown that the addition of Co atoms into pure-gold nanocontacts increases their strength (increases the breaking force of the contact), while the addition of Ag atoms leads to an increase in the range of interatomic distances at which the existence of the nanocontact is possible.

Stability of Nuclei

Nucleus is composed of uncharged neutrons and charged protons, chiefly given the fact that the electrostatic repulsion of the protons tends to disrupt the nucleus? What is the nature of forces that ensure stability between charged and uncharged particles in the nucleus? Attempts have been made to solve this problem both on the experimental and theoretical sides. In this article, a brief statement of these investigations is described. Search for the causes of stability of nuclei have been made in the following four directions, Relative abundance of elements as well as of isotopes that occur in nature, the binding energy per nucleon curve, Decay constant of natural radioactive substances, Magic numbers.Keywords: Uncharged neutrons; Charged and uncharged particles; NucleiThe Himalayan PhysicsVol.2, No.2, May, 2011Page: 61-64Uploaded Date: 1 August, 2011

Bijels: a new class of soft materials

Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (‘bijels’) were proposed in 2005 as a hypothetical new class of soft materials in which interpenetrating, continuous domains of two immiscible fluids are maintained in a rigid state, by a jammed layer of colloidal particles at their interface. Such gels should have unusual material properties relevant to catalysis and other applications. Although initially proposed on the basis of computer simulation, the existence of bijels has since been confirmed in the laboratory. However, a wide gap remains between the simulated and the experimental systems. This leaves room for continuing debate on the cause of stability in these materials; in particular, it is not known whether an attraction between the colloidal particles is essential for stability.