Causes Of School Dropout Research Articles

Causes of School Dropout among Public Secondary School Students in Ifakara Town Council, Tanzania

This study aimed at exploring causes of students' dropout in public secondary schools in Ifakara Town Council, Morogoro. The study employed a mixed approach. The study involved 128 participants including 1 DEO, 7 heads of school, and 120 dropout students. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 while qualitative data were analysed through content analysis. The findings of the study revealed that low economic status of the respondents’ family was the leading cause of school dropout in the study area; the parents failed to meet school expenses and support their children education. Also, students missed school to do home responsibilities like taking care of their young siblings while the parents were working. Parents’ low level of education made them to have low income and not to value the education of their children. Children from single parent families had challenges with their school requirements being met which led to some dropping out of school. Major recommendation was that, Tanzanian government, NGOs and other educational stakeholders should provide more assistance for poor students who cannot afford to pay for educational materials by creating special program from government in co-operation with the Ministry responsible for education.

The Role of Educational Stakeholders in Mitigating Socio-Economic Shocks Causing Students to Drop Out of School in East Shewa, Ethiopia

This study analyses the role that key education stakeholders play in mitigating socio-economic shocks causing students to drop out of school. The study investigated the role of teachers, parents, support providers, and administrators in four districts of East Shewa zone in Oromia Region, Ethiopia, with respect to their understanding of the severity of school drop-out, collaborative actions to combat it, and context-based handling of shocks. A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was employed. Pertinent data were collected from second-cycle primary schools in the areas of Adea, Dugda, Gimbichu, and Fentalle, which were selected based on cluster sampling. Semi-structured interviews and focus-group discussions were utilised for the purposively selected participants and a binary-mode questionnaire for the randomly selected groups of teachers in the targeted schools. Data were collected and analysed systematically by means of percentage points and thematic analysis. The findings show that though causes of school drop-out were diverse from place to place in accordance with the socio-economic conditions of the respective communities, the actions taken to combat school drop-out were not cognisant of the communities’ socio-economic conditions as they did not consider the varied nature of shocks. While school drop-out was understood to be a misfortune among supportive groups, teachers, and supervisors, it was not equally understood so by parents, who appeared as representatives of the community. Strategies that different education stakeholders used to combat factors leading to school drop-out were not focused and context friendly.

Child Labour and Academic Performance of Pupils in Kizinda Kigoma Town Council of Bushenyi District, Uganda

This study examines child labour and academic performance of pupils in Kizinda-Kigoma schools of Bushenyi District. Findings revealed that the aspects of child labour engaged by pupils in Kizinda-KigomaTown Council of Bushenyi District include working as maids, carrying heavy utensils to fetch water, working at teachers’gardens, with the older family members, fetching water and cooking for teachers. Findings further revealed that the causes of school dropout among children in Kizinda-Kigoma town include school fees problem, poor learning environment, discrimination within the community, stigmatization by other pupils, poor means of transport to and from school, lack of motivation to the disabled group, and lack of facilities that fit the learning ability of the disabled children. Based on the findings, the study calls for the need to create gender-sensitive learning spaces for girls to ensure equitable education, and safeguarding girls in classrooms by eliminating violence there is need to encourage the student to attend school frequently and participate in at least one extracurricular activity at school or with other students. More so, there is need to Improve education quality to enhance student retention and success. Furthermore, there is urgent need to cost of acquiring education including school feeding facilities and increase universal child payments as part of a country's social safety system and other policy instruments that could promote more equitable education access. Keywords: Academic performance, Child labour, Education, Learning environment, Pupils

School Dropout Causes in Turkish Education System (2009-2022): A Pareto Analysis by Grade Level

The aim of this research is to examine the reasons for school dropout occurring at varying education levels in the Turkish education system (TES). In this direction, research on school dropout pertaining to TES has been targeted. The systematic data analysis method was used in the research. 47 studies suitable for the purposes of the study were analyzed through content analysis. A total of 290 coding processes were carried out. According to the results of the research, the family factor comes to the fore in the causes of school dropout in primary education in TES. The inadequacy of families’ financial situation and low interest in education are effective. At the high school level, students' academic failure, absenteeism, peer pressure, and indifference of families appear as the causes of school dropouts. In higher education, difficulties learners experience in adapting to novel social environments, academic failure, financial problems and the thought of being a misfit for the selected department seem to be amongst the causes of school dropout. In the other group, the reasons of dropping out are determined as academic failure, financial difficulties, early marriages, dislike of school, indifference of family, negative effects of friend groups and indifference towards school.

Causes associated with school dropping of students

School dropouts, terminal efficiency, and low performance rates continue to be some of the concerns of educational institutions, managers, teachers, parents, and the entire educational system in Mexico. The results show that the most common problems were related to health problems as the main cause of school dropout, as a second cause they refer to the predominant family problems among students, followed by economic problems and unjustified absences on the part of students. young people for hanging out with their classmates during classes.

Experiências no combate ao abandono e evasão escolar no Brasil

This article aims to understand the phenomenon of school dropout and evasion in basic education and its main consequences. The research sought to answer the following questions: What are the main reasons that lead students to drop out of basic school? What are the consequenses of dropping out or evading from the basic school? The study was conducted through bibliographic research, based on authors such as Arroyo (2010), Ávila (2015), Branco (2020), Moura (2020), among others. It was found the main causes of school dropout and evasion are teenage pregnancy, alcohol and substance use, premature entry into the labor market, and social inequality. It was noticed that the problem of school dropout and evasion is not linear, but rather a cycle where most causes are also consequences. Its tacking requires more efficient public policies, political commitment, and social organization.

Barriers Affecting Retention of Girls in Schools in the Amasaman Circuit in the Ga West Municipality of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana

This research sought to explore the barriers to the retention of girls in school at the basic level in the Amasaman Circuit in the Ga West Municipality of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. It focused on the background characteristics of girls who drop-out from schools and the causes of school drop-out among girls in the Amasaman Circuit. The study adopted both quantitative and qualitative approaches (mixed method). The specific method adopted by the study was concurrent nested. The purposive sampling and snow balling methods were used to select 30 drop-out girls, 60 regular pupils, 12 parents of drop-outs, 12 parents of regular pupils, 12 teachers from selected schools, 4 assembly members and one officer from the girl-child of the Ga West Municipality for the study. The main instruments used to collect data were interviews and academic records. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data. It was realized that the major barriers affecting retention of girls in school include teenage pregnancy and financial problems. The study recommends that stakeholders should establish mechanisms to prevent teenage pregnancies in basic schools since it is the main cause of school dropouts among girls.

Assessment of the Causes and Consequeses of School Dropouts among Government Secondary School Students in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State

Students are supposed to spend a particular number of years before graduation from school. When a student stops his attendance of the school before the time leading to the completion of the programme, he has dropout. The problem of school dropouts among secondary school students in Nigeria has become a thing of great concern to educationist in the country and the society at large. This study is, therefore, aimed at finding out the Causes and Consequence of School Dropout among Government Secondary Schools in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo Sate. In this study, descriptive survey was used in carrying out the research. Four research questions were formulated. Questionnaire was used as the instrument to collect information for the study. A sample size of 689 students drawn from 4 selected secondary schools was used as the respondents. The data collected were analysed with descriptive data using mean. The findings revealed that the causes of school dropout are as follows: high cost of education, peer influence, early marriage and pregnancies of unmarried girls and the quest to get rich quick. It also revealed that dropping out of school results to inferiority complex, engagement in antisocial behaviours, low ambition, marital discord and decline in national economic advancement. To stop this problem of school dropout, the researchers therefore recommended that the government should reduce the cost of education, parents should endeavour to carry out their responsibilities on their children, educational system should be well administered and guidance counsellors employed in secondary schools.

School desertion in the learning of upper basic and high school students

The objective of the research was to determine the incidence of school dropout in the learning of students of the upper basic and high school of the Educational Unit "Unión y progress" in 2022. Dropout is a problem that has existed for many years and it has serious effects on the teaching-learning processes and the educational system in general because it interrupts educational continuity. Child labor is closely related to this problem and is one of the main causes of school dropout. The methodology applied in the research was descriptive and correlational, with inductive-deductive and synthetic analytical methods accompanied by surveys and observation records, it was obtained as a result that a large part of the students work or are willing to stop studying to work.

Causas asociadas a la deserción escolar en educación superior. Una revisión sistemática del 2010 al 2020

The objective of this research is to make a systematic review of research carried out from 2010 to 2020 where mention is made of the causes of dropout in Higher Education. Collecting the information through a documentary review by the different authors consulted for this research. In order to identify the causes of school dropout, at the University. This review was carried out in a period from 2010 to 2020 with the keywords of school dropout, lag, failure and academic performance. The databases consulted were SciELO, national repository cti.mx, Eric, Redalyc, dialnet, academic google, where keywords were used in thesauri, related to each of the concepts to be investigated. Searches were conducted in English and Spanish, in the areas of psychology, education, and social sciences. The methodological approach is qualitative and descriptive. Resulting in 15 articles that show the relationship of each of the aforementioned concepts with attrition, out of a total of 35 articles selected from the consulted databases that showed information regarding said problems. Some of the causes of the desertion of young university students have been based on the survival model, making it known that the desertion is related to the degree in which they are studying. Pedagogical variables were also identified, in several of these investigations they concluded that the first year of university is the most complex for these young people, hence the importance of tutorials, there are also other important causes such as social origin, gender, ethnicity, nationality or the family situation

Using Human-Centered Design to Develop, Launch, and Evaluate a National Digital Health Platform to Improve Reproductive Health for Rwandan Youth.

A lack of access to evidence-based, unbiased, and youth-friendly family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH) information and care limit young people's ability to prevent unplanned pregnancies and HIV and sexually transmitted infections. This threat-ens their health and is a significant cause of school drop-out, limiting young peoples' well-being, future potential, and employment opportunities. To address these challenges facing youth, YLabs used an end-to-end human-centered design (HCD) approach to create CyberRwanda, a digital platform aiming to improve the health and livelihoods of adolescents (aged 12-19 years) in Rwanda. From 2016 to 2020, CyberRwanda was designed and piloted using an HCD approach in partnership with more than 1,000 youth, parents, teachers, and public and private health care providers. During the problem recognition phase, HCD revealed participants' beliefs, behavioral preferences, and experiences as they relate to FP/RH specifically and their broader life experiences, motivations, and challenges. Several phases of analog, digital, and live prototyping with youth and key stakeholders were used to codesign, test, and refine the intervention for implementation. CyberRwanda is a direct-to-consumer platform where adolescents can learn integrated, age-appropriate health, and skills-building information through edutainment behavior change stories and a robust frequently asked questions library, order health products online, and be linked to CyberRwanda's network of private and public health care providers who have been trained to provide adolescent-friendly care. The HCD process resulted in significant pivots to the design of the digital platform and the implementation model. Using HCD provided a structured methodology to combine technical FP/RH expertise and visual and product design expertise to codesign and iteratively develop a digital health intervention with and for Rwandan youth.

The Reasons for School Dropout and Their Relationship To Some Variables

The aims of the research is to find out the causes of school dropout and their relationship to some variables among a sample of pupils who dropped out for two years or more, and then joined the study in hasty schools. A random sample was selected by random stratified sample, the size of which was (291) students in the hasty schools. For the purpose of verifying the objectives of the research, a questionnaire consisting of (47) paragraphs was prepared, and the validity of the paragraphs of the questionnaire was verified by extracting the apparent validity, as well as the stability of the questionnaire was verified through two indicators, namely test re-test and the method of calculating the stability of the paragraphs by the method for each paragraph of the test For the purpose of analyzing the data, the chi-squared equation, the Cohen's Kappa equation, the weighted mean equation, and the Kruskal-Wallis equation were used. The results were several reasons for school dropout related to the pupils, teacher, school administration, social and economic factors, and the cultural level of the family. At the end of the research, the researchers recommended several recommendations, and conducting several future researches as suggestions.

Construction and Validation of an Arabic Questionnaire on the School Dropout Factors (QSD)

This article presents the principles of construction and validation of a questionnaire on the phenomenon of school dropout by illustrating various aspects from a measurement tool prepared to study the different factors of this reality. The standardized theoretical models were adapted and completed for the needs of the study. Educational institutions and, in particular, middle school must establish a clear vision and mission regarding the training that every social professional will demand. School has always played the role of a pupil’s education, but the fact that a significant number of secondary students are abandoning their programs without having completed their course of studies, is a specific symptom of an educational crisis that is occurring within them. For this reason, the present study aimed to validate a key tool to establish the causes, whether endogenous or exogenous as to why pupils leave college without having completed their qualification. Different aspects of validation are discussed: The acceptability by studying data concerning the description of school dropout, the validity of constructing a score on the causes of school dropout, the reliability of the components of the questionnaire, the validity of the construct of the tool. The full questionnaire, with the origin of the questions, instructions for the interviewers and coding mode are presented in the methodology. The questionnaire design, consisting to determine the reasons of early dropout Tunisian pupils. The questionnaire took into account the theoretical proposals of several scientific researches. The instrument developed was validated with a sample of 750 pupils (including 675 respondents) in Tunisian colleges with a national dropout rate of 10%. The respondents (317 girls and 358 boys) have an average age of 14.11 years. The 68 items questionnaire was designed to identify, among the population of pupils quitting their school, 7 categories of factors that potentially lead to Tunisian children dropping out, Institutional, Sociological, Economic, Personal, Family, Cultural and Geographical- with their respective subcategories. Knowing the reasons why college pupils abandon a middle school in particular will allow educational actors to analyze administrative and/or academic requirements and take mitigation measures to minimize school dropout.

Design and impact evaluation of a digital reproductive health program in Rwanda using a cluster randomized design: study protocol

BackgroundRwandan adolescents have limited access to high-quality family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH) information and care to prevent unplanned pregnancy and HIV/STIs. In addition to the immediate implications for health and well-being, teenage pregnancy is a significant cause of school drop-out, limiting girls’ future potential and employment opportunities. This study introduces a direct-to-consumer digital education program that uses storytelling to deliver age-appropriate FP/RH information and economic empowerment training to adolescents. It also facilitates access to high-quality, youth-friendly FP/RH care and products. We evaluate two different school-based models of its implementation to understand how to optimize the uptake of contraception and HIV testing among adolescents.MethodsThe study consists of two distinct phases. The first formative intervention design phase, conducted from 2016 to 2019, used a human-centered design methodology to develop the intervention alongside over 600 Rwandan adolescents, their parents, teachers, and healthcare providers. Through this methodology, we sought to maximize the fit between evidence-based practices (uptake of modern contraception and HIV testing) and the implementation context of adolescents in Rwanda. The second phase is an impact evaluation, in which we will use a Hybrid Trial Type 2 Effectiveness-Implementation study design to determine the overall effectiveness of this digital intervention as well as the relative effectiveness of the two different school-based implementation models. This takes the form of a 3-arm cluster-randomized non-inferiority trial, with a sample of 6000 youth aged 12–19 in 60 schools across 8 districts in Rwanda. Primary outcome measures include use of modern contraception, delayed initiation of childbearing, and uptake of HIV testing.DiscussionThis study will yield insights into not only whether this digital intervention is successful in achieving the intended sexual and reproductive health outcomes, but also which mechanisms are likely to drive this effectiveness. The methodologies used are broadly applicable to the design, implementation, and evaluation of other behavior-based health programs in low and middle-income countries.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04198272. Prospectively registered 13 December 2019.

Understanding the Sociological Processes and Mechanisms of School Drop-Out in the Sfax Region of Tunisia: Preliminary Study

The purpose of this article was to identify the main factors influencing school dropout in Tunisia. With this work we want to draw attention to a social problem that manifests itself with an increasingly strong intensity from year to year in Tunisia, namely school dropout problem, mainly due to deepening poverty (especially in rural areas but not only). In the elaboration of this work we started from processing and interpretation of statistical data provided by the multiple-choice questionnaire. As a result, the causes of school dropout differ from rural and urban space and from region to region. Our analyzes indicate that the probabilities of dropping out are mainly associated with individual behavior, a set of school factors, socioeconomic, family and especially cultural and geographic factors among middle school pupils in the Sfax (Tunisia). Thus, our study tends to understand the mechanisms and sociological processes of dropping out of school. This result indeed confirms the cultural and geographic specificities of Tunisia at this level.

Análisis de la Educación Inicial en Paraguay a través de las Técnicas de Aprendizaje Automático

La educación inicial es fundamental para sentar las bases de conocimiento y habilidades que serán de vital importancia en el futuro. En Paraguay, el departamento de Estadística del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencias ha recolectado una base de datos con información sobre la escolarización de los niños. En este trabajo se hace un análisis descriptivo de dichos datos mediante una aproximación de minería de datos educativa (EDM del inglés) haciendo uso de técnicas de aprendizaje no supervisado. Para ello se consideraron las siguientes variables: Departamento, año, sexo, zona geográfica (rural o urbana), sector (oficial, subvencionada o privada) y etapa (primera o segunda). Los resultados obtenidos son prometedores y ayudan a entender la situación actual del país en relación con la Educación Inicial. Fruto del análisis se concluye, por una parte, que EDM es una aproximación que proporciona potentes técnicas de análisis en el ámbito educativo y, por otra, al contextualizar los resultados con las necesidades y realidades socioeconómicas del país, que la matricula en el nivel inicial tiene como principal factor de deserción el económico.

Modelo de prevención de deserción escolar para alumnos de la carrera de Innovación Agrícola Sustentable y Gestión Empresarial en el Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Salvatierra

This research was carried out at the Salvatierra Institute of Technology facilities, with the objective of identifying the causes of school drop-out of first-semester students of the Engineering in Sustainable Agricultural Innovation and Engineering in Business Management, evaluating the evolution of attrition by identifying the causes of dropout, in the search to propose alternatives and reduce school drop-out in the institution. The method that is specified for this quantitative research, a descriptive level, seeking to know the possible causes of school dropout, the applied survey is divided into five sections, Economic, Social, Psychological, Academic and Institutional Organization, which had a series of questions.

EL EMBARAZO ADOLESCENTE EN LA DESERCIÓN ESCOLAR DE UNA COMUNIDAD INDÍGENA DEL NORESTE DEL ESTADO DE GUANAJUATO, MÉXICO

La adolescencia es una etapa de cambios tanto fisicos como emocionales, en cual ocurren embarazos, los cuales son un problema de salud publica y tienen mayor incidencia en poblaciones de recursos economicos bajos, con poco acceso a los servicios de salud y educacion, como lo son las comunidades indigenas. Un embarazo a temprana edad es una responsabilidad para la mujer que lo presenta pues tiene que enfrentar a una sociedad llena de prejuicios, la consecuencia principal a esta edad es abandonar temporal o definitivamente sus estudios para tomar la responsabilidad de esta nueva situacion. Objetivo: Conocer cuales son los factores que influyen en la desercion escolar de madres adolescentes en una comunidad indigena. Metodologia: Se realizo un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo, se estudio una muestra de 16 madres adolescentes de entre 15 y 20 anos, se utilizo una ficha de informacion donde se identifican las causas principales por las que se origina la desercion escolar respetando en todo momento la autonomia, justicia, beneficencia y no maleficencia. Resultados: La causa principal fue la falta de recursos economicos, seguido por la perdida de interes por los estudios y el cuidar a su hijo. Conclusion: La falta de recursos economicos y la responsabilidad de un nuevo ser son la causa principal para abandonar la escuela, debido a las responsabilidades nuevas que acaba de adquirir, no logrando la adaptacion al nuevo cambio.

Impact of children with multiple disabilities on families in Abidjan

A child's multiple disabilities have a major impact on families in both developed and developing countries. In Côte d'Ivoire, very few data are available concerning the real experiences of families of children with multiple disabilities. The objective of this study was to improve our knowledge of the impact of children with multiple disabilities on families in Côte d'Ivoire. A qualitative study was conducted among the families consulting the Child Guidance Centre of the National Institute of Public Health in Abidjan. Data were collected in May 2015 by semi-structured individual interviews with mothers of children with multiple disabilities. Twenty mothers of multiply disabled children between the ages of 2 and 14 years were interviewed. The child's multiple disability was found to have a negative impact on finances, health, and social life. Health check-ups, treatment and transport are the main additional costs. Mothers suffer from insomnia, fatigue, back pain and anxiety and were often held responsible for their child's disability. A disabled child was a source of discord in several couples and a cause of school drop-out in some families.This study partially addresses the experiences of families with children with multiple disabilities. It confirms the results of several other studies, highlighting the vulnerability and social dysfunction of these families. The presence of a child with multiple disabilities in a family is a source of psychological, financial and social upheaval. This study raises questions about the impact of multiple disabilities on the whole family and a more detailed analysis of economic aspects.

Educational Ceiling in a Rural Tamang Community in Nepal: An Ethnographic Study

This research study conducted in a rural Tamang community of Nepal aims to explore the real dynamics behind school dropout. The school drop-out is an act of stopping children from going to school after a couple of years of school attainment. A qualitative approach with ethnographic method was adopted to study the school dropout phenomenon. Data were collected over a prolonged stay where observations, in-depth interviews, interactions with research participants and focus group discussions (FGDs) were major data collection tool to understand this phenomenon more closely and to interpret it in relation to culture of the Tamang community. This research claims that various factors related to school, household, parents and children themselves revealed by earlier research studies as cause of school dropout are simply the enabling factors, which in combine, construct a more abstract dynamics, i.e. educational ceiling. The educational ceiling refers to the minimum level of education the people think that they must attain in their life. Actually, this dynamics guides individuals in evaluating the relevance of education in their lives and to take the decision of dropout accordingly. This finding was explored from the cultural artifices of the Tamang community and their way of setting their educational ceiling, employing the inter-actionist approach. This study implies that the scope of the dropout issue is beyond the education system. As and when these individual and society's contexts change, the educational ceiling of individual also changes and, thus, the dropout scenario changes accordingly. Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural StudiesVol. 14 (Joint issue) (1&2), 2017, Page: 43-55