Causes Of Red Eye Research Articles

AKT question relating to causes of red eye

AKT question relating to causes of red eye

AKT answer relating to causes of red eye

AKT answer relating to causes of red eye

Protocolo diagnóstico y terapéutico de las conjuntivitis

Conjunctivitis (an eye disease that mainly affects the conjunctiva) is one of the main causes of red eye. A thorough eye examination is essential for a correct diagnosis and management of the different causes of conjunctivitis (acute or chronic, infectious conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, etc.).

Characterization of red eye cases presented to the eye emergency clinic at a tertiary care hospital during COVID-19 Pandemic.

The World Health Organization (WHO) was notified by China on December 31, 2019, of a pneumonia outbreak severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-19 virus infection in Wuhan. This outbreak was declared by the WHO from the Public Health Emergency of International Concern to formal declaration as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Because the public health measures like lockdown, the eye care delivery system was markedly impacted. The aim of this study was to find out if any pattern change of red eye cases among patients who attended eye accident and emergency (A and E) in a tertiary care hospital during COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 compared to 2019 and 2018. This was a cohort retrospective study which included all patients who presented to eye A and E clinic with red eye from March 1 to July 31 in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Data were analyzed using statistical tools in the SPSS software. Furthermore, the clinical records of 578 inpatients with proven COVID-19 were reviewed for any red eye problem. Out of 7895 eye patients attended eye A and E clinic during March-July of 2018, 2019, and 2020, 1573 (19.9%) patients had red eye. Males were slightly dominant with 59%, and unilateral cases were the majority among them. The most common causes of red eye in 2018 and 2019 were injury, conjunctivitis, and keratitis; whereas in 2020, a clear dominance of injury and keratitis cases was found. Only 10 (2.03%) patients out of the 493 outpatients with red eye during the 5-month period in 2020 reported a prior contact to a COVID-19 positive case; of whom nine patients had conjunctivitis, and one had a right eye open globe injury. Of the 578 inpatients with proven COVID-19, only 1 (0.17%) patient had red eye with the diagnosis of conjunctivitis. There was relatively increased number of adults reporting with red eye in 2020. Eye injuries were the most common among all years, followed by conjunctivitis and keratitis. Ocular problems, however, might be a primary or secondary COVID-19 complaint and seem to be relatively uncommon in COVID-19 individuals.

Assessing the Performance of a Novel Bayesian Algorithm at Point of Care for Red Eye Complaints.

The current diagnostic aids for red eye are static flowcharts that do not provide dynamic, stepwise workups. The diagnostic accuracy of a novel dynamic Bayesian algorithm for red eye was tested. Fifty-seven patients with red eye were evaluated by an emergency medicine physician who completed a questionnaire about symptoms/findings (without requiring extensive slit lamp findings). An ophthalmologist then attributed an independent "gold-standard diagnosis". The algorithm used questionnaire data to suggest a differential diagnosis. The referrer's diagnostic accuracy was 70.2%, while the algorithm's accuracy was 68.4%, increasing to 75.4% with the algorithm's top two diagnoses included and 80.7% with the top three included. In urgent cases of red eye (n = 26), the referrer diagnostic accuracy was 76.9%, while the algorithm's top diagnosis was 73.1% accurate, increasing to 84.6% (top two included) and 88.5% (top three included). The algorithm's sensitivity for urgent cases was 76.9% (95% CI: 56-91%) using its top diagnosis, with a specificity of 93.6% (95% CI: 79-99%). This novel algorithm provides dynamic workups using clinical symptoms, and may be used as an adjunct to clinical judgement for triaging the urgency of ocular causes of red eye.

Characteristic of red eye related diseases of Han and Uygur population in Urumchi compared with Shanghai, China.

To study the characteristics, relative distribution and to compare causes of red eye in ophthalmic clinics in Urumchi and Shanghai, China. Data on continuous cases of red-eye patients admitted to the Ophthalmology Center of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were collected between November 2018 and September 2019. Demographic data, the incidence of red eye and related disease distribution of all cases were obtained. The independent t-test method was used for age comparison, while the Chi-square test was used to compare classified data information. The information on 335 and 415 patients with red eyes in Shanghai and Urumchi were collected, respectively. The main causes of red eye were conjunctival disease and dry eye. The age of female patients with red eyes was significantly higher than that of males, and the proportion of female patients with dry eyes was also higher. Red-eye-related diseases occurred more frequently in patients over 46 years old than in those under 18, and dry eye was more common with increasing age. The incidence of infectious conjunctivitis in Urumchi was significantly higher than that in Shanghai, and allergic conjunctivitis occurred more frequently in spring, summer, or autumn than in winter (all P<0.05). Significant differences exist in the distribution of red-eye-related diseases in Urumchi and Shanghai regions of China, and distribution varies with age and season, the latter being an important feature of allergic conjunctivitis.

Clinical Characteristics in Patients Presenting with Red Eye

Aim: Red eye, a frequent cause of presentations to ophthalmology clinics, is an important indicator of ocular inflammation. Although the prognosis is generally good and self-limiting, it is possible to distinguish possible serious conditions and prevent important situations such as blindness, with detailed examination and correct treatment approach. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with red eye presenting to the eye diseases clinic in terms of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. &#x0D; Material-method: The records of patients presenting to the Şanlıurfa Harran University Hospital Ophthalmology Clinic with red eye were investigated retrospectively. Diseases causing red eye were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10) coding system. Demographic characteristics such as age and sex and clinical findings were examined. Data were evaluated using number and percentage tests.&#x0D; Results: A total of 2625 patients, 1775 males (67.61%) and 850 females (32.38%), who presented with red eyes, were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 36.46±18.24 years. The incidence of viral conjunctivitis, the most frequently observed condition in patients presenting due to red eye, was 15.08% (n=396). The most common cause of red eye resulting in decreased vision and increased intraocular pressure (IOP) was acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG). The most common symptom was stinging-burning (70.36%), and the most frequent finding was follicular hyperplasia (74.17%). Five hundred and seventy-one (21.75%) patients who applied to the clinic with red eye had previously applied to a family physician and 289 patients (11.0%) to an emergency physician. &#x0D; Conclusion: Although prognosis is usually good in red eye, and the condition is self-limiting, the detection of serious conditions through a detailed history, examination, and therapeutic approach can be enhanced with early and appropriate intervention. In addition to family physicians and emergency physicians, the first to examine patients with red eye, important morbidities such as blindness can also be prevented by increasing the awareness of ophthalmologists and cooperation between these.

Approach to: Red eye

Red eye is a common symptom that presents in primary care practice, and may be accompanied by pain, irritation, or discharge. It is a sign of ocular inflammation, often involving the anterior segment of the eye. Most causes of red eye are benign; however, the primary care physician must identify when urgent referral to an ophthalmologist is required. This may be achieved through targeted questioning regarding the chronicity, intensity of pain, vision changes, and associated symptoms. The following article outlines an approach to identifying the cause of red eye using history and physical exam findings. Common features of red eye disorders and their respective treatment modalities are discussed.

Virtual Consultation for Red Eye: Accuracy Assessment in a Primary Care Center.

PURPOSE:The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of teleexamination of red eye by a trained general practitioner (GP) compared to the gold standard (in-office consultation by an ophthalmologist).METHODS:This was a study of diagnostic accuracy. We included consecutive male or female patients aged ≥6 months who presented to a primary care clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with red eye. All the patients were initially evaluated by a trained GP using a standardized checklist and consulted virtually with an ophthalmologist. This was followed by an in-office eye examination conducted at a well-equipped ophthalmology clinic by a well-trained ophthalmologist. Data were analyzed using STATA 17.0 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA).RESULTS:A total of 54 patients with red eye presented to the primary care clinic during September–November 2021 and were initially examined virtually and then in-office. The mean age of the patients was 39.72 ± 21.70 years (range 5–90 years). Thirty-three patients (61.1%) were males. The most common cause of red eye was conjunctivitis (46.3%) followed by dry eye (31.5%). There was a significant association between viral conjunctivitis and age (P < 0.001), and between dry eye and age (P = 0.002). Tele eye examination accurately identified the etiology of red eye in all 54 patients.CONCLUSION:Telemedicine has the potential to correctly diagnose patients with red eye and can result in a substantial decrease in the number of people visiting the health-care centers.

Dirofilaria repens is a rare cause of red eye: A case report

Dirofilaria repens is a rare cause of red eye: A case report

Red Eye in Primary Care – Understanding the Potentially Sight-Threatening Causes

This article aims to help the reader understand the serious and potentially sight-threating causes of red eye. With an increased demand on hospital eye services, more patients with eye symptoms are being seen in primary care settings. Therefore, it is extremely important for primary care physicians to know when to refer urgently for specialist assessment.

Management of conjunctivitis and other causes of red eye during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Patients with red eyes frequently present to general practitioners (GPs). Although infrequent, some patients with COVID-19 may present with features typical of viral conjunctivitis. SARS-CoV-2 is expressed at a low rate in tears, which may be a source of infection to GPs caring for patients at high risk of COVID‑19. The aims of this article are to outline: 1)ophthalmic complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2)triage and management of patients with potential COVID-19 conjunctivitis, and 3)triage and management of patients with red eyes during the currentCOVID-19 pandemic. It is important that GPs: 1)have a high index of suspicion that patients with apparently typical viral conjunctivitis may have an uncommon presentation of COVID-19 illness, 2)develop appropriate telephone triage systems to reduce patient consultations, and 3)foster relationships with their ophthalmologist and optometrist colleagues who can provide phone advice, guidance on treatment initiation and definitive care when necessary.

Posner-Schlossman Syndrome: A Cause of Unilateral Ocular Hypertension: Case Report

A 40 y old immunocompetent male patient admitted, with the complaints of blurry vision, photophobia, red eye, and severe pain in the left eye for the last 2 days. Examination revealed mild anterior chamber reaction, corneal edema, appearance of keratic precipitates and a very high intraocular pressure (52 mmHg) with an unresponsive, semi-dilated pupil in the same eye. Gonioscopy revealed open angles in both eyes. He was treated with topical steroids and topical pressure-lowering agents with oral acetazolamide. The patient was also evaluated for systemic causes of red eye. Investigations carried out included routine blood tests and ESR, the results of which were all within normal limits. In the following 24 month period, the patient had two further episodes of unilateral IOP spikes associated with cyclitis. This is an interesting and a rare uveitic condition. Although the list of differential diagnoses is long, the condition is relatively quickly identifiable by the presence of remarkable signs and symptoms. Medical and surgical treatments are indicated to reduce inflammation and to prevent long-term glaucomatous optic nerve damage related to the high intraocular pressure. Posner-Schlossman Syndrome does not always follow a completely uncomplicated course. Repeated episodes of elevated intraocular pressure can cause long-term sequelae such as glaucoma.

Protocolo diagnóstico y manejo de las queratoconjuntivitis

One of the main causes of red eye is keratoconjunctivitis (ocular pathology affecting the cornea and conjunctiva). To achieve a truthful diagnosis and management of its causes (infectious conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, punctate keratitis, sterile corneal ulcer, infectious keratitis), a thorough eye examination is required.

Red Eye in Rural Environment: An Unusual Reason

Eye is a rare target organ of parasitic infestation due to winged fly larvae. The eye can be affected in three different form in ophthalmomyiasis: Orbital, internal, and external. External ophthalmomyiasis commonly seen in the rural environment and close contact with animals especially in spring and summer months. External ophthalmomyiasis can be diagnosed by biomicroscopy with presence of moving larvae and the diagnosis can be confirmed by light microscopy. The basis of treatment is the mechanical removal of the larvae. Topical antibiotic, steroid, and antihistaminic treatment protects from secondary infections and complications. External ophthalmomyiasis is a rare cause of red eye that should be taken into consideration especially in the presence of risk factors that may be associated with the history. Keywords: Myiasis; Ophthalmomyiasis; Red eye

Red eye

In this article "red eye" syndrome is presented. It is described how to distinguish among the various ocular and periocular anatomic structures that could be causing redness of the eye (history, ophthalmic examination, type of redness). The most common causes of red eye (conjunctivits, KCS, glaucoma, uveitis) are discussed in details and the appropriate therapeutic treatments are proposed as well.

From Acute Disease to Red Flags: A Review of the Diverse Spectrum of Red Eye Encountered in the Primary Care Setting

The general practitioner is most often the first contact physician for the patient presenting with red eye. The majority of red eye is a symptom of benign disease, such as conjunctivitis, episcleritis and sub-conjunctival hemorrhage, which can resolve on its own or by non-prescription medication and treatment in the primary care setting. Red eye caused by scleritis, keratitis, foreign bodies, trauma, chemical exposure, cellulitis and acute angle-closure glaucoma can be sight-threatening and there are a myriad of differential diagnoses, including systemic diseases, that can be life-threatening and require referral to an ophthalmologist. We provide an updated general review of the benign causes of red eye and recommend guidelines to provide a comprehensive assessment, accurate diagnosis and successful management for first contact physicians and primary care providers with the aim to reduce misdiagnoses and strengthen the referral of patients with sight- and lifethreatening disorders to ophthalmologists. Given the limited training, equipment and tools primary care providers have in ophthalmology, it is important that these clinicians can correctly assess red eye to identify benign or non-serious conditions and recognize when a case merits urgent referral, always keeping in mind that any case of red eye may require intervention by an ophthalmologist. It is important that the first contact physician or primary care provider knows the characteristics of the red eye that require an urgent assessment by an ophthalmologist. Patients whose symptoms persist, worsen, or recur after initial treatment should also be urgently referred to an ophthalmologist.

Assessment, care and management of patients with red eye

Red eye is a common ocular presentation in primary care, and there are several challenges that healthcare practitioners may encounter when caring for such patients. The main ocular conditions that can give rise to red eye are: primary acute angle closure glaucoma, acute iritis, dry eye, blepharitis and conjunctivitis. Red eye can be classified as sight-threatening or non-sight-threatening. Many patients presenting with painless red eye and normal vision usually recover well. However, when red eye is associated with pain, photophobia, watering and blurred vision, it is potentially sight-threatening and must be addressed urgently. Therefore, it is vital for healthcare practitioners to be able to undertake a careful assessment of the patient and make an accurate diagnosis early. This article provides an overview of the common causes of red eye encountered in general practice or an eye clinic. It discusses the nurse's role in the care and management of patients with red eye, with reference to patient assessment, the skills required to make an accurate diagnosis, treatment and health promotion.

Glaucomatocyclitic crisis, a rare cause of unilateral ocular hypertension

PurposeTo report a case of glaucomatocyclitic crisis which is a rare cause of ocular hypertension.MethodsA 40 ‐year‐ old immunocompetent male patient admited, with the complaints of blurry vision, photophobia,red eye, and severe pain in the left eye for the last 2 days.Examination revealed mild anterior chamber reaction, corneal oedema, appearance of keratic precipitates and a very high intraocular pressure (52 mmHg) with an unresponsive, semi‐dilated pupil in the same eye. Gonioscopy revealed open angles in both eyes.ResultsHe was treated with topical steroids and topical pressure‐lowering agents with oral acetazolamide. The patient was also evaluated for systemic causes of red eye. Investigations carried out included routine blood tests and ESR, the results of which were all within normal limits. In the following 24 month period, the patient had two further episodes of unilateral IOP spikes associated with cyclitis.ConclusionsThis is an interesting and a rare uveitic condition. Although the list of differential diagnoses is long, the condition is relatively quickly identifiable by the presence of remarkable signs and symptoms. Medical and surgical treatments are indicated to reduce inflammation and to prevent long‐term glaucomatous optic nerve damage related to the high intraocular pressure.

Pattern of red eye in a Tertiary Eye Clinic in Nigeria

Introduction: Red eye is one of the most common reasons why patients present at the eye clinic. It may be due to a nonvision-threatening ocular condition or vision-threatening one. It may also be a symptom of a life-threatening condition, and improper diagnosis and appropriate management may result in ocular morbidity or mortality. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on patients who presented to the eye clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi with complaints and features of the red eye. Patients who presented with red eyes from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013 were reviewed. The information retrieved from the patients' records ranged from sociodemographic to causes of red eye. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18. Results: Totally, 2623 patients presented on account of red eye during the 3 years study period. There were 1425 (54.3%) males and 1198 (45.7%) females. The majority of the patients were children age group 0-15 years (39.6%) followed by age group 16-31 years (32.8%). The major causes of red eye in our study were due to ocular allergy 1288 (49.1%), microbial conjunctivitis 293 (11.2%), and ocular trauma 286 (10.9%). Conclusion: Ocular allergy accounts for almost half of cases of red eye seen in this population and majority of cases of red eye were found in children. Priority attention should, therefore, be given to ocular allergy to mitigate school absenteeism that may result from red eye.