Causes Of Poverty Research Articles

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF POVERTY REDUCTION IN MATARAM CITY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA, INDONESIA

This study was qualitative research that produced descriptive data. The research took place in Mataram City, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province, Indonesia. We chose Mataram City due to the area's high number of poor communities. Data has been collected from informants and various documents. Findings confirmed that problems in policy implementation related to communication, resources, disposition/attitude, and bureaucracy structures. The programs of the central government mainly provided social assistance instead of poor community education. There was limited communication between implementers. Community and policy implementers did not have adequate knowledge of policy reduction policy, such as poverty's cause, impact, and countermeasures. The regional government relied on the central government's funding. The lack of facilities during policy implementation caused a low disposition/attitude. The bureaucracy did not implement community empowerment and encouraged independence in the poor urban community. The Edward III Model was proposed to solve the problems. The Mataram City government must collaborate with the central government, community, and business sectors. It also needs to pay attention to planning a poverty reduction policy, involves stakeholders in the planning, and establish an agency or technical institution specializing in community empowerment. Involving stakeholders, including the community, will help understand socio-cultural factors such as habits, customs, and local wisdom to make them feel like the subject of the policy, not the object. The bureaucracy structure may be utilized to achieve such involvement to promote community independence.

THE NEED FOR QUALITY HIGHER EDUCATION IN NIGERIA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Among the causes of poverty in developing countries is the poor state and quality of Higher Education in the nation’s education is the level of educational system. Higher Education is the level of education that improves and enhances the potentials of men and women. Education enhances the skills and competencies of a country’s work force for economic growth and sustainability. The paper enumerated some challenges to sustainable development which include lack of basic infrastructure, poor finance in education insufficient staff development activities to empower staff to transform curricular and pedagogy towards sustainable development, lack of quality control measures, incessant strike actions, etc. In view of these facts the graduates produced by the country’s tertiary education do not seem to be adequately prepared to take up their rightful positions in the society. Specifically, this paper recommended that higher education should be repositioned to take care of the inadequacies in the system. The paper recommended that government should play its fundamental role of providing an enabling environment, facilities should be made available to both teaching and non-teaching staff, there should be recruitment of the right teachers, students should be encouraged to make trips to see what their counterparts are doing and teaching should be more practical. This paper suggested that education for sustainable development can be achieved by planning and setting realistic goals, implementing comprehensive curricular to foster creativity that will improve the quality of its citizenry. Article visualizations:

Pauvreté et économie au XIXe siècle

Résumé Au début du xix e siècle, la pauvreté est omniprésente dans la littérature, et le regard porté sur la pauvreté abandonne sa dimension politique ou charitable pour s’appuyer sur une jeune science : l’économie politique. L’exemple de Stendhal montre comment l’économie politique est devenue le seul discours légitime sur la pauvreté. On examine comment différentes théories économiques ont expliqué les causes de la pauvreté et proposé des moyens pour la supprimer en étudiant deux positions, l’une libérale et l’autre réformiste, formulées par deux auteurs emblématiques, Ricardo et Walras. La confrontation de ces deux auteurs montre que leurs divergences trouvent leur source moins dans des oppositions idéologiques ou doctrinales qu’épistémologiques.

Trends and Causes of Poverty among Urban Wage Earners' Households

본 연구의 목적은 1995년부터 2005년까지 도시근로자 가구의 빈곤실태와 변화추이, 빈곤가구의 특 성, 그리고 빈곤의 원인을 규명하고, 공․사적 이전소득과 조세의 빈곤완화 효과를 평가하여, 우리나 라 빈곤문제에 대한 전반적인 이해를 도모하고, 그에 기초하여 보다 바람직한 정책적 대안을 모색하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 도시가계조사의 연간 원자료를 분석의 자료로 활용하였으며, 종단자료에 대한 분석을 위해 GEE(Generalized estimating equation) 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석의 결과, 가장 중 요한 사실 가운데 하나는, 경제위기를 경험하면서 그 규모와 심도 차원에서 심각했던 도시 근로자 가 구의 빈곤 문제가, 이후 크게 개선되지 못하고, 오히려 더욱 악화되고 있다는 점이다. 또한 여성빈곤, 노령빈곤, 저학력 가구주 가구의 빈곤 등, 전통적인 빈곤가구의 특성이 확인되었으며, 이들 취약집단 의 빈곤화 현상도 시간이 경과함에 따라 더욱 심화되는 모습을 보이고 있다. 그리고 임시․일용직, 단 순노무직, 1차 산업과 민간서비스업 종사자 가구의 빈곤화 현상도 상대적으로 높게 나타나, 저임금과 고용불안정이 빈곤의 주된 원인임을 추정할 수 있다. 이러한 빈곤 가구의 특성은 빈곤의 원인에 대한 분석에서도 다시 한번 확인된다. 그리고 정부의 조세와 공적이전소득의 빈곤완화 효과는 이전의 시기 에 비해 크게 확대되었지만, 그 상대적인 효과는 서구의 복지선진국과 비교해 볼 때, 아직 초보적인 단계에 머물러 있는 낮은 수준이다.

Vulnérabilité et gestion des risques : potentialités et limites de la microfinance.

La microfinance est présentée comme une solution efficace contre les risques qui rendent les pauvres vulnérables : à la fois par les mécanismes d’assurance et d’épargne, et grâce au microcrédit et à la création de microentreprises qui en résulte. Mais il est nécessaire d’analyser la nature et la fréquence des risques auxquels les pauvres sont réellement soumis pour mesurer les potentiels de la microfinance.

The Individual, Society, or Both? A Comparison of Black, Latino, and White Beliefs about the Causes of Poverty

The Individual, Society, or Both? A Comparison of Black, Latino, and White Beliefs about the Causes of Poverty

Writing left in America

A discourse‐analytic approach to media is attempted that draws on Habermas (1976), critical linguistics, and reader response. The approach is applied to a newspaper essay on poverty. The analysis of the essay, together with reader response data, show that the text fails in its purpose, which is to argue that categories of gender and ethnicity should be replaced with categories of class if we want to understand the cause of poverty. The text fails, in part, because of the established role of gender and ethnicity as ambiguity handlers in American debates over poverty's causes.

The Causes of Poverty

The Causes of Poverty

The Causes of Poverty Further Considered

The Causes of Poverty Further Considered

The Causes of Poverty

The Causes of Poverty

Notes on the Statistical Determination of the Causes of Poverty

Notes on the Statistical Determination of the Causes of Poverty