Cause Of Invalidity Research Articles

Begutachtung zerebraler Ischämien und Blutungen

Cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage are the most frequent cause of invalidity and disability in the elderly, corresponding to the significance of these diseases for social law and expert opinion. The sequelae of media infarcts and extended hemorrhage are obvious and offer little reason for litigation. Conflicts occur in cases of minor deficits and less obvious neuropsychological or psychiatric symptoms, including mental, cognitive, mnestic and executive functions.

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (D.I.S.H.)

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (D.I.S.H.) is a common disorder of unknown aetiology characterized by exuberant hyperostosis of the antero-lateral aspect of the spinal column, that sometimes leads to bone ankilosis, and by ossification of extra-spinal entheses. This condition is often associated with the metabolic derangement of type 2 diabetes. Primary hypertension, its cardiovascular aftereffects and lithiasis are also often present in these patients. D.I.S.H. has to be distinguished from osteoarthritis, although they often coexist in the same patient. The mean difference lies in the anatomical target of the pathological process, that is represented by articular cartilage in osteoarthritis and by entheses in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. The enthesopathy leads to the ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine and causes the formation of flowing osteophytes, while intervertebral disc space is quite preserved in early phases of the disease. Symptoms of spine involvement are not typical of the disease and consist of pain and stiffness, usually worsened by inaction and damp. It has also been described the ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament which can lead to medullary canal stenosis. Appendicular skeleton is symmetrically involved in early phases of the disease, the most distinctive affected sites being feet, olecranus and patella. Hip involvement is also frequent and may lead to severe disability and represents an important cause of invalidity. The purpose of the present review is to remark on aetiopathogenetic and clinical aspects of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.

LA MUERTE DE LA CAUSAL ABSTRACTA Y LA SOBREVIVENCIA DE LOS PRINCIPIOS CONSTITUCIONALES RECTORES DE LA FUNCIÓN ELECTORAL

En el trabajo se analiza el origen de la denominada causal “abstracta” de nulidad de una elección, así como su trayectoria y, finalmente, su “muerte” con la reforma constitucional que en materia electoral se llevó a cabo en 2007. Se hacen precisiones en torno a la validez de los principios constitucionales que pueden dar lugar a interpretaciones diversas en torno a la sanción correspondiente a su violación en un proceso electoral.

Whiplash injury and oculomotor dysfunctions: clinical–posturographic correlations

Oculomotor dysfunctions are hidden causes of invalidity following whiplash injury. Many patients with whiplash injury grade II present oculomotor dysfunctions related to input disturbances of cervical or vestibular afferents. We used static posturography to investigate 40 consecutive patients with whiplash injury grade II and oculomotor dysfunctions. We demonstrated a relation between length and surface of body sway: the surface value (A) was higher than the length value (L) and this led to an open graph of body sway in the statokinesigram. Oculomotor rehabilitation can resolve the impairment of vestibular function but if therapy is delayed or the patient has been wearing an orthopaedic neck collar, more therapeutic sessions are required. In conclusion, without rehabilitation of the oculomotor muscles other therapies are not sufficient to recover the impairment caused by whiplash injury.

Early retirement: does cause of invalidity influence rate of social security benefit processing in Zimbabwe?

The social security invalidity benefit programme in Zimbabwe is organized through a network of regional offices. There are no standard guidelines for assessing invalidity. Aim We tested whether cause of invalidity and place of residence influenced the rate of processing of invalidity benefit claims. We carried out a retrospective cohort study involving 523 medically unadjudicated and a 25% (354/1431) random sample of medically adjudicated invalidity benefit claims at the Central Benefits Office of the National Social Security Authority in Zimbabwe. The outcome for the study was time from certification of invalidity to conclusion of medical adjudication of invalidity benefit claims. Compared with tuberculosis, HIV disease increased the rate of progress to final medical adjudication 2.6-fold, musculoskeletal diseases 1.9-fold, physical injuries 1.7-fold and chronic diseases 1.8-fold after adjusting for place of residence, industrial sector, gender and age. Compared with residing in Harare, residing in Chinhoyi, Gweru, Masvingo and Mutare regions reduced the rate of progress to final medical adjudication by 62, 69, 51 and 56%, respectively, after adjusting for cause of invalidity, industrial sector, gender and age. Compared with invalidity benefit claims from the services sector, those from the mining sector experienced a 45% reduction in rate of progress to final medical adjudication after adjusting for cause of invalidity, place of residence, gender and age. Cause of invalidity, place of residence and industrial sector had significant influences on the rate of progress to final medical adjudication of invalidity benefit claims.

Manejo del ictus agudo

Ischemic stroke is the first cause of invalidity and the third cause of death in modern day society. The final outcome after a stroke depends of the speed with which treatment is administered and its quality. It is for this reason that the treatment of stroke begins by applying strategies to reduce the delay in receiving medical attention both outside and inside the hospital. Care includes stabilising the patient, with special attention being given to protecting the air passages, treatment of arterial blood pressure and heartbeat rate. The initial evaluation must be quick and focused on determining a differential diagnosis, the estimation of the volume and location of the infarction, as well as considering specific therapies. Amongst the latter, the only one currently approved is thrombolysis with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) in selected patients and with a clinical course of less than three hours duration. Intra arterial thrombolysis is a promising therapy for patients with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, which has been contrasted angiographically and is less than 6 hours old. In these moments there is no evidence to support the use of antithrombotic or neuroprotector drugs to improve the neurological state. Following the initial stabilisation and evaluation, it is advisable for the patient to be admitted to a stroke unit in order to avoid complications, to complete the evaluation and to start secondary prevention and rehabilitation. Stroke units are an intervention in themselves, since they lower mortality and invalidity. While only a minority of patients currently benefit from specific therapies, stroke units are an intervention that can potentially have positive repercussions on the huge majority of patients

THE RELIABILITY YET INVALIDITY OF STUDENTS’ JUDGEMENTS OF TEACHING

ABSTRACT Judgements of teaching and teachers should be distinguished. Six arguments for using the students’ opinions are reviewed. Three counter arguments are presented. In particular, many previous validity studies are based upon a logical error. None justifies the validity of students’ opinions of teaching. Subjectivity may be the cause of invalidity.

Chapter VII. Prognosis at grown up Age

C<scp>hapter</scp> VII. Prognosis at grown up Age

Tropical ulcer: Observations on its treatment and cause

1. 1. Tropical ulcer is an important cause of invalidity in parts of the Sudan. 2. 2. Observations directed to etiology and treatment were made on cases in the Nuba Mountains affecting pagan carbohydrate feeders, and Arab carbohydrate feeders with rather more protein in their diet. 3. 3. Half the year, locally, is a dry season, there is a practically total absence of vitamins A, B 2 and C. 4. 4. By comparing the healing rates of ulcers, it was found that cod-liver oil dressings with vitamin A by mouth gave better results than those of pooled other treatments, especially for chronic and recurrent ulcers. Vitamin A does not appear to play the major part in the process. 5. 5. It seems that idiopathic tropical ulcer originating in a vesicle or papule is a manifestation of malnutrition. 6. 6. The malnutritional background is one of subnutrition in protein and vitamins A, B 2 and C with a relative excess of carbohydrate. 7. 7. Sex, age, race and occupation are factors in as much as they control diet and exposure. 8. 8. Season has an important influence, periods of climatic crisis, coupled with acmes of deficiency-experience and agricultural activity caused two peaks a year, on an incidence curve. 9. 9. Similar peaks occur in pellagra, the common factor being activation of a deficiency state. 10. 10. Recurrence of ulceration has a seasonal character also, two peaks occurring, likewise at periods of climatic crisis coupled with deficiency-experience. 11. 11. Patchiness in the geographical distribution of tropical ulcers is due to variations in dietary coupled with variations in malaria incidence. 12. 12. It seems that a high protein dietary may benefit ulcer cases; added vitamins A and B 2 are probably of value also. 13. 13. Signs of malnutrition were more pronounced in old and recurrent ulcer cases than in recent ones, and also in those with slower, as contrasted with those with faster, healing rates. 14. 14. Malaria decreases the healing rate in ulcers, possibly through ( a) malarial toxin, ( b) increased endogenous protein metabolism, ( c) anaemia and ( d) splenic dysfunction in its immunological aspect. 15. 15. ( a) Cod-liver oil dressing with skim-milk powder added to the diet is recommended as a treatment. ( b) Factors in ulcer-diathesis are considered to be deficiency in protein and probably vitamins A, B 2 and C; and malarial infection.

THE CAUSES OF INVALIDITY

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 2, Issue 4 p. 64-65 British Medical Association News THE CAUSES OF INVALIDITY First published: 01 July 1916 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1916.tb117497.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume2, Issue4July 1916Pages 64-65 RelatedInformation