Cause Of Depopulation Research Articles

Depopulation in rural areas of the North Kazakhstan region: social, economic problems and regulatory mechanisms

There are very few studies that have determined the causes of depopulation in rural areas of Kazakhstan and the North Kazakhstan region (NKR). Purpose of the study – to study the causes of the phenomenon of depopulation in rural areas of the NKR, determine its social and economic consequences and propose regulatory mechanisms. To determine the causes of the depopulation process in rural areas of the North Kazakhstan region and propose regulatory mechanisms, methods of empirical, hypothetical, scientific abstraction, dynamic analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, and systems approach were used. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the rate of natural increase (loss) in the population of Kazakhstan. Having divided the population of the rural areas of the NKR into age groups, we determined which age category was decreasing and put forward a hypothesis about what they wanted. The Government of Kazakhstan has developed and continues to develop various programs for developing rural areas and population growth in the Northern region. However, the coefficient of natural increase (loss) of the population of the North Kazakhstan region has a negative value. The study results showed that the population aging rate in rural areas of this region is intensive. The government must identify groups and target areas that require support measures, taking into account the situation with specialization, labor potential, territorial characteristics, and age characteristics of the areas of the region.

Pengaruh Demografi dan Kebijakan Pemerintah Jepang Terhadap Depopulasi Negara Jepang Selama 2 Dekade Terakhir

Depopulation is an event of a continuous decline in population over time in an area. This research starts from the discovery of problems in the phenomenon of depopulation in Japan, among the causes are demographic factors and Japanese government policies. Because of this, research was conducted with the aim of finding the causes of depopulation of Japan from the analysis of demographics and Japanese government policies in the past 2 decades. The method used is data collection by finding data sources and comparing data from various sources such as news media, statistics, and existing research. The results show how demographic changes occur and government policies towards these changes. To determine its impact on the current depopulation phenomenon in Japan. Through research on demographic change and Japanese government policy, it can be concluded that demographic change does not always have a negative impact but can also have a positive impact both in terms of population parameters and other aspects.

Depopulation of the Balkans: how the EU periphery is hollowing out

The research focuses on the phenomenon of rapid depopulation of the Balkans. Despite the fact that this process has been going on continuously for three decades, and has been accelerating in recent years, it is not recognised by the local political elites and the European Union as an important threat. Declaring this process as an important threat would open up the question of the causes that led to it. The study reveals that one of the underlying causes of depopulation is the policy of the key EU members, primarily Germany. The affluent members of the European Union solve their own labor shortage problems by excessive emigration of population from the Balkans, which accelerates depopulation of the entire region. The author believes that the problems which arise because of this process can lead to a permanent lag in the development of the Balkans compared to the EU. Depopulation can result in the long-term weakening of state institutions and violating the collective rights of the Balkan peoples, and turning the entire region into a “migrant waiting room” for the European Union.

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ У ЮНОШЕЙ ЗДОРОВЬЕСБЕРЕГАЮЩЕГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ В ОБЛАСТИ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ

The ultra-low birth rate in modern society is the leading cause of depopulation. Changing the standard of youth sexual behavior should be regarded as one of the main ways to preserve the reproductive potential and social stability of the state. The development of methods of preventive work on the formation of health-saving behavior in the reproductive sphere in most works concerns girls. The absence of a socio-hygienic model for the formation of health-saving behavior in the reproductive sphere among young men was the rationale for the development of such a model by the specialists of the children’s polyclinic. The purpose of this work was to present the experience of developing and implementing a socio-hygienic medical-organizational technology for the formation of health protection in young men in the reproductive sphere. Results. The rationale for the development of a socio-hygienic model was the results of a preliminary medical and sociological study – a survey of young men and their parents: a high proportion of sexually active young men with an early sexual debut, using unprotected intercourse, the prevalence of promiscuity against the background of a low level of knowledge about reproductive health, motivation for health protection in the reproductive sphere and the insufficient role of the family in the issues of sexual education of adolescents; a high level of agreement among the parents of young men about the need to involve competent specialists, doctors and psychologists, in the systematic and planned work on the sexual education of their sons. The social and hygienic model was developed on the basis of an interdepartmental and interprofessional approach with the participation of children’s polyclinic doctors, teachers, psychologists and social workers. Structurally and functionally, the model corresponds to the educational cluster, assumes a stage-by-stage implementation of activities, and includes as the main component the innovative educational program “Young Gentleman’s School” within the framework of the School of Reproductive Health for Boys, implemented on the basis of secondary schools territorially attached to the children’s polyclinic. Participation in the program of the School of Reproductive Health for Boys during one academic year was accompanied by an increase in the level of knowledge about reproductive health and a ranked level of motivation of adolescents to preserve health in the reproductive sphere, a smaller increase in the proportion of sexually active boys and a relative increase in those who use protected sexual intercourse among them. Conclusion. The development and implementation of a social and hygienic model for the formation of health savings in the reproductive sphere among young men and the implementation of the innovative educational program “Young Gentleman’s School” are medical and organizational technology for managing health savings in this area. Increasing the level of motivation of young men to preserve reproductive health through obtaining reliable and complete information from competent specialists – a pediatric urologist-andrologist and a psychologist, contributes to the formation of health-saving sexual behavior.

АКТУАЛЬНІСТЬ ЗРОСТАННЯ ОБСЯГІВ ЖИТЛОВОГО БУДІВНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ В УМОВАХ ДЕМОГРАФІЧНОЇ КРИЗИ

The article presents the results of a study of the causes of depopulation of the population of Ukraine and identified the relationship between changes in the demographic situation of the country and the availability of access to housing. The UN forecasts on changes in the population of post-Soviet countries are given. It is shown that the reduction in the population of Ukraine during the century will reach 45%. In the 30 years of independence, the population has shrunk by about 10 million. The most active part of women and men aged 25-35 is leaving the country. The catastrophic situation is the excess of mortality over the birth rate by more than 2 times and a significant reduction in the birth rate. Ukraine is a leader in population depopulation among European and post-Soviet countries. The average regional center "disappears" from the map of Ukraine in terms of population every year.
 A comparative analysis of housing construction in Ukraine and other post-Soviet countries is given. During the 30 years of independence, Ukraine has not reached the total volume of housing construction in 1990. Relative volumes of housing construction (m2 / person per year) in Ukraine are several times lower than the level of this indicator in neighboring countries. Due to lack of access to housing, more than 60% of young people aged 18-34 are forced to live with their parents. Excessively high credit rates and low wages significantly impede access to housing and lead to excessive migration outside the country. The lack of real measures to change the negative trend of population decline creates problems leading to irreversible population losses. It is proposed to implement a number of measures that will contribute to the growth of housing construction, which will have a positive impact on demographic processes in the country.

Depopulation and Electoral Process

Depopulation caused by emigration and negative natural growth is a feature of all societies and states in the post-Yugoslav space. Migration, as one of the causes of depopulation, results in problems in the fundamental issues of building a democratic society and state. The implications of depopulation are multiple on political processes, and important effects are visible in the elections in these societies. The subjects of analysis in this paper are different approaches to regulating the voting rights of emigrants in electoral processes in the political systems of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro. These countries are the best examples of three different models of regulation of electoral processes, and they are good examples of mechanisms and shortcomings for exercising the right of emigrants to vote. In this regard, the first open question is the number of eligible voters and the effective number of voters in these countries. In these three countries, we encounter out-of-date and insufficiently accurate voter lists, which are the product of poor administration and the constant change in the number of inhabitants, which is insufficiently monitored. Another important issue that we analyze is the voting right of emigrants, where we come across different models and (in) possibilities to use the right to vote. Through the analysis, we show different solutions and their implications on the election process. The analysis of different approaches in the regulation of the right to vote of emigrants shows a number of dilemmas in the basic exercise of the right to vote, and often discriminatory treatment of voters outside the country. The third level of analysis is the analysis of the overall participation of emigrants and their participation in political and electoral processes through electoral cycles that show trends in this area.

Экспертное сообщество о демографической ситуации в современной России

The article considers the demographic situation in modern Russia. The analysis of the results of an expert survey conducted in the regions of Russia allowed authors to identify the main causes of depopulation and then to outline the directions of state policy to overcome the demographic crisis.

Isolation of bacterial microbiota associated to honey bees and evaluation of potential biocontrol agents of Varroa destructor.

The honey bee parasitic mite Varroa destructor is one of the main causes of depopulation of bee colonies. Bacterial symbionts associated to honey bees are known to produce a variety of bioactive molecules that have been suggested to play a protective role against honey bee pathogens. We hypothesised that among these bacteria, those colonising the external body of honey bees, and therefore able to survive and reproduce in the hive environment outside the insect gut, may be good candidate biocontrol agents to be tested against V. destructor. The aim of this study was to isolate bacterial species from healthy honey bees and dead varroa mites and to evaluate the potential miticidal effect of their spent medium containing both bacterial metabolites and viable cells, with the final objective of finding a long-lasting solution for mite control. 61 bacterial strains belonging to the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla were isolated from the surface of foragers, nurse bees and larvae collected in 10 different apiaries. The most common species was Lactobacillus kunkeei (62%). Growth capability of a selection of isolates was observed at 30 and 34 °C with 1% and 20% glucose and fructose. Laboratory bioassays were conducted by spraying mites with six-day-grown bacterial cultures containing 107 cfu/ml of four strains of L. kunkeei, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bifidobacterium asteroides and an Acetobacteraceae bacterium. The effect of each strain on varroa survival was tested independently. The first three caused 95-100% mortality of mites in 3 days, indicating a potential role as natural antagonists towards varroa. The mediation of pH of the bacterial cultures did not appear to be determinant in mite inhibition, suggesting the involvement of other modes of action against varroa. The exploitation of honey bee microbiota for controlling one of the major threats for honey bee health may be a promising approach deserving further investigation.

Protestant Depopulation in County Longford during the Irish Revolution, 1911–1926

Abstract The experience of the Protestant minority in Ireland during the years of the Irish revolution has been the subject of much academic and popular debate in recent years. At issue is the extent to which the decline by one-third of the Protestant population of the Irish Free State between 1911 and 1926 was a result either of intimidation, sectarianism or ethnic cleansing during the revolution itself, or of more mundane factors such as long-term patterns of migration and low marriage and birth rates. Drawing upon digitised census returns and the rich detail contained in the records of the Church of Ireland, Presbyterian, and Methodist churches in County Longford, this article will show that the causes of depopulation are better understood when precise chronological, local, denominational and gender perspectives are brought to bear. It will argue for greater engagement with sociological literature to define more effectively the meaning of sectarianism in revolutionary Ireland. It will also invert the principal question of why the Protestants left and seek to explain why those who remained chose to do so. County Longford is chosen as a suitable case-study because it was affected by both long-term socio-economic factors and revolutionary violence, and the three Protestant denominations in the county have extensive archives which help to fill the gap in civil data occasioned by the absence of a census of population for fifteen years between 1911 and 1926. The article identifies dynamics present in Longford that can be explored in other regional contexts to achieve a wider national understanding of this demographic shift.

Housing issue in shrinking Russian cities: mapping the reality

Housing issue in shrinking Russian cities: mapping the reality

Construcción social de lo rural y Nueva Ruralidad. Una aproximación al marco de interpretación de lo rural de agentes políticos y sociales

<div data-canvas-width="538.4119866666666">Rurality is being reduced to the phenomenon of depopulation, producing debates around proposals for action focused on a specific type of rurality. Mostly they are based on the conception of the rural as a space at the service of the functions assigned from the city. In this paper we analyze opposing discourses in the proposals, but these share the functional conception where part of the causes of depopulation may be found. We propose to assume another way of conceiving rurality as a social expression in a context of low demographic density, diverse and in continuous adaptation to the changing reality.</div>

Депопуляція населення і міграційні процеси в Україні: причини та можливі наслідки

The article deals with the actual aspects of migration processes and the dynamics of the population of Ukraine. The causes of depopulation of the population are analyzed and proposed ways out of the demographic crisis

La adaptación de la fiscalidad aduanera a los intereses repobladores, comerciales y políticos. Andalucía, 1241-1550

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la política regia de exenciones y reducciones del almojarifazgo aduanero en las tierras andaluzas durante la baja Edad Media; que generalmente afectaban, además, a otros derechos de paso, como el portazgo, similar al demandarse también por la entrada y salida de las poblaciones, el diezmo y medio diezmo de lo morisco, en este caso sobre las importaciones y exportaciones con Granada, y otros marginales, como rodas, castillerías, peajes... La concesión de estas franquezas nos desvela cuáles eran los intereses económicos y políticos de los monarcas en cada período y coyuntura. Mientras que su reducción o supresión ponen de manifiesto los cambios habidos con el tiempo, que hicieron desaparecer o disminuir las causas de la despoblación, inseguridad fronteriza o atraso económico que habían motivado las exoneraciones. Para ello ha sido utilizada la documentación fiscal conservada en el Archivo General de Simancas, así como en los municipales de Sevilla, Córdoba, Carmona o Jerez. Finalmente, se concluye que tales ventajas sirvieron a un propósito repoblador y que solo las poblaciones más expuestas o estratégicas fueron capaces de mante nerlas más o menos intactas con el paso de los años, sobre todo cuando eran además puntos clave para el comercio exterior.

Depopulacija otoka Visa

The paper discusses population dynamics of Vis Island along with geographic, demographic and social features related to this process. Data from demographic statistics and research results show that Vis Island has been affected by strong populational regression. This process originated at the beginning of the 20th century, and intensified after the Second World War. Depopulation was generated by retardation in socio-economic development, but it was directly caused by centennial emigration. At the beginning of 1960s, natural decrease occurred as another important cause of depopulation. It was the result of postponed effect of emigration, demographic losses in world wars and birth rate transition (changes in number of children per family). Long-term unfavorable demographic processes (emigration, depopulation, demographic aging, reduced birth rates) have led to weakening of (bio)reproduction and vital potential. The above-mentioned fact has also influencedthe age structure of the population. Population of Vis Island has aged and belongs to a particular demographic type named very old population. However, depopulation, that used to be the result of social phenomena, has become an important factor of social and spatial processes.

Depopulation in rural areas of Dobrudza Region and its impact on the school network

Depopulation is a serious demographic problem. This process gives negative trends in rural areas. Closed schools and students decreased in others. These processes in the Dobrogea area are strongly negative. This article examines these processes in analytical and spatial order. Use the most current statistics data. The main goal is to reveal the causes of depopulation. Also cumulative effect of it on other social processes. Demonstrates the role of the school network to preserve the social fabric of rural areas. On the other hand: the impact of depopulation on the school network. Methods used are: analysis of statistical data, field studies, interviews and personal observations of the authors. Used territories at the level of municipalities. They more accurately and correctly reveal the underlying statistical data

Optimization of evaluation human tendecy for alcohol consumption

The problem of alcohol consumption is one of the major causes of depopulation in the Russian Federation. The particular concern is the alcoholism of teenagers and young adults. Substantiates the relevance of complex factors influence the biological and social risks of substance use among youth. Objective: To develop an integrated system approach predicting human risk of alcohol abuse, combining the functional assessment, psychological and social factors in the formation of demand for psychoactive substances. As the object of the study 89 people of both sexes were involved, 18-23 years of age, students of Volgograd State University. The work was performed in accordance with Articles 5, 6 and 7 "on Bioethics and Human Rights, the Universal Declaration” with registration of informed consent. As a result of complex investigations undertaken identified a number of positions of principle capable of predicting the risk of alcohol abuse human. At the same time, it justified the increased susceptibility to alcohol consumption in individuals with a high level of general non-specific reactivity (UONRO). It revealed highly significant effect of negative feelings from the first samples of alcohol to block alcohol abuse human motivations. At the same time, positive feelings of alcohol during the first trial, significantly increase the risk of alcoholism. It was determined that the vast majority of respondents (95%) did not consume alcohol, brought up in the families of non-drinking parents. In contrast, respondents - consumers of alcohol, in 62% of cases vopityvalis in alcoholic families traditions. Thus, the facts revealed dependence on the combination of alcohol consumption UONRO indicators of psychosomatic condition of the person as a result of the first sample of alcohol and attitudes of members of the parental family to consume alcohol. Based on these data provided a method for predicting the risk of alcohol consumption, which provides a comprehensive account of the functional, psychological and social factors in the formation of demand for psychoactive substances, the possibility of a qualitative typology and differentiation degree of risk of alcohol abuse and algorithmization testing process.

Historical review: Does falciparum malaria destroy isolated tribal populations?

Many isolated populations of tribal peoples were nearly destroyed when they first contacted infectious diseases particularly respiratory pathogens such as measles and smallpox. Surviving groups have often been found to have declining populations in the face of multiple social and infectious threats. Malaria, especially Plasmodium falciparum, was thought to be a major cause of depopulation in some tribal peoples isolated in tropical jungles. The dynamics of such host parasite interactions is unclear especially since most such populations would have had long histories of exposure to malaria. Three groups are individually reviewed: Meruts of Borneo, Yanomami of Amazonia, Jarawas of the Andaman Islands. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of falciparum malaria in the depopulation of some isolated tribal groups in order to understand what measures, if any, would be likely to prevent such losses.

«Le dépeuplement dans le Val d'Aoste : les causes et les conséquences» (Depopulation in Aosta valley : causes and consequences)

Abstract. - The Aosta Valley region displays at the same time a strong demographic growth in the Plain, the narrow strip of lowlands along the Dora Baltea river (1861/2001, + 162 %) and depopulation in the highlands i.e. the Mountains (1861/2001, - 36 %). Along the line of official statistics this paper analyzes the development of this phenomenon during 140 years, from 1861 to 2001. This study demonstrates that in the Mountains the patterns and causes of depopulation are different in the period 1861-1961 from the following period. In the first period the cause of depopulation is the preceding overpopulation, responsible of endemic poverty. After 1961, although, demographic pressure diminished and life quality improved, depopulation carried on because of the objective difficulties of Mountains to adapt itself to the market economy, and because of a strong pattern of decreasing birth rate in the vast majority of mountain communities. Those who relinquish their villages in the high valleys do not emigrate in far away countries as they used to, but find new homes in the Plain, where urbanization is increasing year by year.

A Study on the Migration Model in a Depopulated Region

The purpose of this study is to analyse migration patterns and their factors, and to build the migration model with which the effect of new industrial location can be estimated.At first, I will discuss the definition of depopulation, the cause of depopulation and its effect to the region. Secondly, I will analyse migration patterns and their factors, and build the migration model in a depopulated region.Thirdly, I will build the model with which the effect of the new industrial location in a depopulated region can be estimated.The flow chart of this model is as follows:

Towards a development programme for remote rural areas: A case study in North Norfolk

Drudy P. J. and Wallace D. B. (1971) Towards a development programme for remote rural areas: A case study in North Norfolk, Reg. Studies 5, 281–288. The problems and prospects of remote rural areas are considered and an area in North Norfolk is selected for more detailed examination. Analysis of data for large statistical units conceals major problems which are clearly visible when examined at a micro level. For this reason, the process of population decline is treated on a parish basis. The main cause of depopulation is considered to be lack of employment opportunity outside agriculture. As well as affecting the structure of the population, the decline has resulted in an apparent lack of commitment to the area which is evident in the above-average unemployment rate and in the deterioration of many public services, particularly transport. On the assumption that the stabilization of rural areas is worthwhile, a number of possible lines of development are suggested.