Cause Of Death In Indonesia Research Articles

Differences in Knowledge of Women of Fertilizing Age Before and After Education About Breast Self Examination Using Video in The Selabih Village Tabanan

The high number of cases of non-communicable diseases is the main cause of death in Indonesia in 2020, one of which is breast cancer. The problem of breast cancer in Indonesia can be overcome through breast self-examination. The aim of this research was to determine the difference in knowledge of women of childbearing age before and after education about breast self-examination using video in Selabih Village Tabanan. This research includes research Quasi Experimental by design One Group Pretest-Posttest. The number of samples used was 53 women of childbearing age. Data collection includes filling out a knowledge questionnaire pretest and posttest. Before being given education, the median score was 85 with score range of 65-100 and after being given education the median score increased to 90 with score range of 80-100. Analysis results used tests wilcoxon show p-value of 0.000 which can be concluded that there is a difference in knowledge of women of childbearing age before and after education about breast self-examination using video. The use of this educational video should be continued by midwives at local health centers as a medium of education for women of childbearing age so that they are able to do BSE regularly.

Purslane Leaf Extract (Portulaca oleracea) as a Cholesterol Control Herbal Tea Mixture

Cholesterol is one of the essential molecules in humans. An imbalance in cholesterol levels in the body, such as high levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or total cholesterol, can contribute to one of the leading causes of death in Indonesia. Diseases caused by high cholesterol levels include cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and stroke [6,9,14]. As a result, additional intake from sources like omega-3-rich supplements or herbal remedies is recommended. Historically, plant-based treatments have been used as pharmacological therapies. Researchers have explored the use of purslane (Portulaca oleracea) leaves, which contain unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, including omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A and C, and minerals such as magnesium and potassium, offering cardiovascular benefits. The researchers utilized purslane extract as an herbal tea blend, serving as a natural alternative to supplements in capsule form, which may be more expensive. In extract form, purslane leaves are hygienically processed and mixed with herbal tea, creating a convenient health drink for daily consumption. The purslane leaf extract was obtained through method maceration using 96% food-grade ethanol. Proximate tests were conducted to assess total energy, energy from fat, ash content, moisture content, carbohydrates (by difference), total fat, and protein content [5,24]. Sensory evaluation was conducted by semi-trained panelists to assess the color, aroma, and taste of herbal tea blends containing purslane leaf extract. This evaluation aimed to collect subjective feedback from potential consumers regarding the organoleptic characteristics of the product.

Perbedaan Perubahan Tekanan Darah Antara yang Diberikan Jus Mentimun (Cucumis Sativus Linn) dengan Jus Pepaya (Carica Papaya) Terhadap Penderita Hipertensi Primer di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ampenan

Hypertension is the leading cause of death in Indonesia and has a high risk of heart failure, stroke, kidney failure and myocardial infarction. Management of hypertension includes lifestyle changes, diet, stress management and others. In addition, giving cucumber juice and papaya juice is also recommended as a nursing management to lower blood pressure because the content of potassium, magnesium, phosphorus can treat hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in blood pressure changes between those given cucumber juice (cucumis sativus linn) and papaya juice (carica papaya) for patients with primary hypertension in the Ampenan Health Center work area. The research method used was a Quasy Experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design with a quantitative approach in the cucumber juice group and the papaya juice group with a control group without treatment. Random sampling technique was used to obtain 30 respondents divided into 3 groups. The results of the study showed that the results of the dependent t test showed a p value = <0.05 so that there was a difference in blood pressure reduction between those given cucumber juice and those given papaya juice in patients with hypertension.

Relationship between Lipid and Blood Glucose Levels with Stroke Risk in Dupak Surabaya

Background: Stroke is a syndrome characterized by rapidly developing symptoms and/or clinical signs in the form of focal or global brain functional disorders lasting more than 24 hours which are not caused by causes other than vascular. Stroke is the number one cause of disability and the main cause of death in Indonesia (19.42% of total deaths). Dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus are two-fold risk factors for stroke.This research is to determine the relationship between lipids and blood glucose and a high risk of stroke. Methods: This research uses descriptive analytical methods with a cross sectional approach. The population is residents in Dupak Surabaya. The sampling method is random sampling technique. The total research sample was 53 participants. The statistical test used is Chi Square. Result: Statistical results show that there is no relationship between high cholesterol levels and the risk of stroke and there is a relationship between high triglyceride and blood sugar levels and the risk of stroke.Conclusion:This research concluded that there was a significant relationship between high levels of triglycerides and blood glucose and the risk of stroke and there was no significant relationship between high cholesterol levels and the risk of stroke. This lack of significant association could be due to the heterogeneous population and the presence of previous anti-cholesterol medication.

Overview of TB Patient Compliance for Control during the Covid-19 Pandemic at the UGM RSA TB Clinic

Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health problem that is a global challenge and is the third leading cause of death in Indonesia and the first leading cause of death due to infectious diseases. Based on data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, there has been a decrease in the number of TB cases found and treated. As one of the strategies to control risk factors for TB disease transmission, RSA UGM provides a special clinic for TB patients whose rooms meet national standards. However, several times researchers found that there were still TB patients who controlled outside the TB clinic schedule so that they mingled with non-TB patients, which resulted in increasing the risk of TB disease transmission to patients visiting the UGM Hospital. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared Covid-19 a pandemic on 9 March 2020. This has caused public fear to visit health facilities. This study aims to determine the level of compliance of TB patient visits during the Covid-19 pandemic at the UGM RSA TB Clinic. This descriptive observational study used secondary data, with a total sampling technique and analyses using univariate analysis. Of the 40 samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 92.5% of patients were in the productive age range (18-65 years), mostly male (70%). The proportion of patients with pulmonary TB was 62.5% and the remaining 37.5% were extra- pulmonary TB patients. There was an increase in adherence of TB patients to control at the TB clinic and on schedule from month 1 to the following months.

Identification and Analysis of Potential Breast Anticancer Agents in Pogostemon Cablin through Network Pharmacology

Breast cancer is one of the highest known causes of death in Indonesia, especially for women. Pogostemon cablin Benth is one of the Aceh's endemic herbal plants that has been studied to have potential such as anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and proapoptotic. Network pharmacology approach was conducted to explore and analyze the potential of P. cablin as an anti-breast cancer. P. cablin plant compounds were obtained from GCMS and breast cancer genes data were obtained from OMIM, GeneCard, and DisGeNet databases. Target proteins and pathways involved were identified using STRING-DB and Metascape. Network analysis was performed using Cytoscape. A total of 65 plant compounds with 554 target proteins and 1854 disease genes were obtained. Based on the results of combining protein targets using Venn diagrams, 138 overlapping proteins between drug compounds and breast cancer disease targets were identified. Based on KEGG and GO analysis, P. cablin is known to have potential in breast cancer treatment/therapeutic mechanisms. Based on the "compound-protein target-pathway" multi-target mechanism, pogostol; 1H-Cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol, decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, [1ar-(1aα,4aα,7β,7aβ,7bα)]-; 3-Hexen-1-ol, 2,5-dimethyl-, acetate, (Z)-, 5β,7βH,10α-Eudesm-11-en-1α-ol; Acetic acid, 3-hydroxy-6-isopropenyl-4,8a-dimethyl 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl ester; and Humulenol-II interacts with proteins that play a significant role in breast cancer, which are MAPK1, EGFR, TNF, AKT1, and JAK2. Hence, it can be concluded that P. cablin has good potential to be a source of therapeutic treatment against breast cancer. However, it needs to be tested clinically to further determine the effects of this P. cablin compound.

Nursing Care for Mrs. W P3A0 with Post Sectio Caesarea Indication Severe Pre-Eclampsia in the Rose Chamber: A Case Study

Severe pre-eclampsia is one of the causes of complications in pregnancy, which is characterized by an increase in blood pressure > 160/110 mmHg, so delivery must be carried out by cesarean section. According to WHO, the incidence of pre-eclampsia in the world is around 0.51--38.4%. Pre-eclampsia cases in Indonesia are around 1.8%--18% and rank second as the cause of death in Indonesia. The purpose of this case study is to provide nursing care to patients with severe pre-eclampsia. This research method uses a qualitative approach with case studies as the main method, using observation sheets, interviews, and documentation studies. The case study was chosen by one patient as the study subject, namely a patient with severe pre-eclampsia in the rose room of Waled Cirebon Hospital. The management of nursing care is based on meeting the needs of patients within three days. The results of the evaluation were that acute pain was resolved, ineffective breastfeeding was resolved, and physical mobility disorders were resolved. The conclusion is that nursing care is effective in providing severe pre-eclampsia patients in meeting patient needs. It is recommended that nurses be able to make this report as one of the reference sources in implementing nursing care for post-SC mothers with PEB.

Classification of risk of death from heart disease or cigarette influence using the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) method

Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in Indonesia. In addition to coronary heart disease, smoking is the leading contributor to the death rate in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the risk of death with the main variables of heart disease history and smoking history. This study classifies the risk of death of heart disease sufferers and smokers using the KNearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm. The results showed that the KNN model had an accuracy of 52.38% in predicting the risk of death of smokers and heart disease patients. Confusion matrix analysis revealed that the model performed well in predicting classes 0 and 2, but had difficulty in predicting class 1. This study shows that KNN can be used to predict the risk of death of smokers and patients with heart disease with a satisfactory success rate.

The Effect of Edamame Jelly on Lowering Blood Pressure in Primary Hypertension Patients

Hypertension is the cause of death in Indonesia, with 23.8% of the 1.7 million population. Management of primary hypertension is non-pharmacological therapy carried out by modifying lifestyle, namely increasing consumption of nuts that contain bioactive components that are beneficial for sufferers of primary hypertension, such as edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). This study aims to determine how giving edamame jelly reduces blood pressure in primary hypertension patients. This research was quasi-experimental and used a pre-post-test control group design. The study population consisted of outpatients at the Sumbersari Jember Community Health Center who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, totaling 42 subjects. Subjects were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. The intervention group was given amlodipine 5 mg/day and edamame jelly 150 grams/day. The control group was only assigned 5 mg of amlodipine. Statistical tests use the Paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Mann-Whitney U-tests. The test results showed a significant difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the control and treatment groups with a p-value <0.001. The median systolic blood pressure of the control group was 147.5 mmHg, and that of the treatment group was 130 mmHg. The median diastolic blood pressure in the control group was 90 mmHg, and the treatment group's was 80 mmHg. The reduction in systolic blood pressure in the treatment group was 17.5 mmHg greater than in the control group. The decrease in diastolic blood pressure in the treatment group was 10 mmHg greater than in the control group. Giving 150 grams of edamame jelly/day for 30 days effectively reduces blood pressure in sufferers of primary hypertension.

Ensemble Learning Approach Reveals Significant Clinical Attributes from Real-World Breast Cancer Cases

Breast cancer has become on of the leading causes of death in Indonesia. This study contributes to global efforts to combat breast cancer by improving patient outcome prediction accuracy. This study employed ensemble learning techniques such as Random Forest, XGBoost, and LightGBM. The results of the study demonstrates LightGBM's superior performance (accuracy=85%, ROC-AUC=81%, AUPR=85%). Notably, all three algorithms identify key clinical attributes: "Relapse Free Status (Months)", "Overall Survival (Months)", "Nottingham Prognostic Index", and "Lymph Nodes Examined Positive". LightGBM uniquely highlights "pam50_LumA" as significant, suggesting reduced fatality risk for Luminal A subtype patients, while others prioritize "Tumor Size". This research lays groundwork for intelligent systems to predict breast cancer outcomes, potentially transforming patient care and clinical practice.

Manajemen Diet Rendah Kalium pada Pasien dengan Diangnosa Medis Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) E. C Hiieperkalemia di Ruangan Matahari RSUD dr. TC. HILERS Maumere

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) with et causa Hyperkalemia is one of the highest causes of death in Indonesia as well as in Sikka district. Based on data obtained in 2022, there were 300 cases of the largest CKD in 25 sub-districts, based on data in the Matahari room there were 22 cases recorded. The aim of this research is to enable prospective nurses to apply professional practices and manage a low potassium diet in hyperkalemia patients to reduce potassium levels in the Matahari Room at RSUD dr. T.C. HILERS Maumere. This research is a case study research using the case study method which begins with identifying previous nursing care reports or via the internet The results of the study showed that there was a decrease in potassium levels in the participants as evidenced by the results of potassium examinations from 6.5 mmol/L down to 5.0 mmol/L. From the research results it can be concluded that low potassium diet management is very influential in helping to reduce potassium levels in the blood. Suggestions for relevant agencies are that low-chlorium diet management can be used as a nursing care option for patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. It is hoped that by knowing the effect of a low potassium diet on hyperkalemia sufferers, it is hoped that this can be an input for improving the quality of services in further nursing care.

The impact of multimorbidity among adults with cardiovascular diseases on healthcare costs in Indonesia: a multilevel analysis

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in Indonesia, accounting for 38% of the total mortality in 2019. Moreover, healthcare spending on CVDs has been at the top of the spending under the National Health Insurance (NHI) implementation. This study analyzed the association between the presence of CVDs with or without other chronic disease comorbidities and healthcare costs among adults (> 30 years old) and if the association differed between NHI members in the subsidized group (poorer) and non-subsidized households group (better-off) in Indonesia.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed the NHI database from 2016–2018 for individuals with chronic diseases (n = 271,065) ascertained based on ICD-10 codes. The outcome was measured as healthcare costs in USD value for 2018. We employed a three-level multilevel linear regression, with individuals at the first level, households at the second level, and districts at the third level. The outcome of healthcare costs was transformed with an inverse hyperbolic sine to account for observations with zero costs and skewed data. We conducted a cross-level interaction analysis to analyze if the association between individuals with different diagnosis groups and healthcare costs differed between those who lived in subsidized and non-subsidized households.ResultsThe mean healthcare out- and inpatient costs were higher among patients diagnosed with CVDs and multimorbidity than patients with other diagnosis groups. The predicted mean outpatient costs for patients with CVDs and multimorbidity were more than double compared to those with CVDs but no comorbidity (USD 119.5 vs USD 49.1, respectively for non-subsidized households and USD 79.9 vs USD 36.7, respectively for subsidized households). The NHI household subsidy status modified relationship between group of diagnosis and healthcare costs which indicated a weaker effect in the subsidized household group (β = -0.24, 95% CI -0.29, -0.19 for outpatient costs in patients with CVDs and multimorbidity). At the household level, higher out- and inpatient costs were associated with the number of household members with multimorbidity. At the district level, higher healthcare costs was associated with the availability of primary healthcare centres.ConclusionsCVDs and multimorbidity are associated with higher healthcare costs, and the association is stronger in non-subsidized NHI households. Households' subsidy status can be construed as indirect socioeconomic inequality that hampers access to healthcare facilities. Efforts to combat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and multimorbidity should consider their distinct impacts on subsidized households. The effort includes affirmative action on non-communicable disease (NCD) management programs that target subsidized households from the early stage of the disease.

Accuracy and Characteristic of Electrocardiographic Signal from Mobile Biomedical Sensor

Based on the Global Burden of Disease and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 2014-2019, heart disease is the highest cause of death in Indonesia. One way to deal with this disease is through early detection by reading the electrical signals of the heart. Therefore, the technology for recording the electrocardiographic signal is developing rapidly. Recently, there have been many uses of biomedical sensors to record the electrical activity of the heart by utilizing internet facilities and without cables. This study discusses the accuracy and characterization of cardiac signals recorded by the portable KardiaMobile 6L against the Fukuda M.E Cardisuny type C100 clinical electrocardiograph (ECG). The data are taken from 9 patients using both devices simultaneously. ECG signals from the two devices are digitized using web plot digitizer to obtain the RR interval values. The clinical ECG produces 6 ECG signals (as short data). Meanwhile, the KardiaMobile produces ECG signals for 30 seconds (as long data- and five sequential ECG signals can be sampled as short data). Accuracy is done through linear regression, percent difference, and root mean squared error for the heart rate in two devices and RR interval from ECG signals. They provide excellent goodness of fit measures for the linear regression. The percent difference is still in the reliability of the devices. The value of RMSE is very low. Characterization of ECG signals is done by t-test between two array RR interval data from two leads for the same device. Using KardiaMobile, the RR interval value of short data is not significantly different from long data for a subject with normal sinus rhythm. The RR interval value of long data and short data between two leads is not significantly different. Using clinical ECG, the RR interval value of short data between two leads is not significantly different. Therefore, KardiaMobile has an accuracy similar with a clinical electrocardiograph in determining HR and is effective for analyzing dynamic changes based on RR intervals.

Risk Factors and Stroke Symptoms Knowledge among Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension and Heart Disease Patients: Literature Review

Stroke is the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death in the world and the biggest cause of death in Indonesia. Knowledge of stroke risk factors and symptoms can improve stroke prevention measures so as to reduce the risk of disability and death. This study aims to analyze the description of knowledge about risk factors and symptoms of stroke in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart disease. The research was carried out using google scholar search engine and electronic databases, such as Pubmed and Science Direct. The English keywords used are knowledge AND “risk factors” AND “stroke symptoms”. Meanwhile, the Indonesian keywords are: pengetahuan DAN “faktor risiko” DAN “gejala stroke”. The inclusion criteria of the articles collected were articles in English and Indonesian, full text, the Cross-Sectional Study method or descriptive, and publication year between 2012-2022. This research obtained 8 articles which would then be analyzed. All articles analyzed were overseas research reports (two african continent countries and three asia continent countries) and in English. It is shown that knowledge about the risk factors and symptoms of stroke in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart disease is still lacking. There are 2 studies that report 56 and 77% of respondents do not know the risk factors for stroke. Knowledge of stroke symptoms in the form of decreased consciousness was found to be very poor (7.6% of respondents).

DETERMINANTS OF HYPERTENSION PREVENTION BEHAVIOR IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE (WRA) IN TAKERAN SUB-DISTRICT, MAGETAN REGENCY

Background: Basic health research data (Riskesdas) in 2018 shows that hypertension is one of the highest causes of death in Indonesia, reaching 6.8%. If hypertension occurs in women of childbearing age, the risk of complications, morbidity, and even death will be higher due to the risk of eclampsia during labor. Efforts to prevent hypertension in women of Reproductive age (WRA) need to be improved through increasing hypertension prevention behavior. Various factors can influence hypertension prevention behavior. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the determinants of hypertension prevention behavior in a group of women of reproductive age in Takeran District, Magetan Regency. Methods: This observational study was conducted with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was women of Reproductive age in the Takeran District, Magetan Regency, with as many as 276 people. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique. This research was conducted in March 2022, using data analysis using the Chi-Square Test and Logistic Regression Test. The instruments used in this research were questionnaires and informed consent. Results: There was a relationship between knowledge (p = 0.02), self-efficacy (p = 0.00, family support (p = 0.00, and support from health workers (p = 0.000) with hypertension prevention behavior, but there was no relationship between age (p = 1,00) and attitude (p = 0.49) with hypertension prevention behavior. Conclusion: The strongest determinant factor for hypertension prevention behavior in the group of women of Reproductive age was self-efficacy. Good self-efficacy can influence good hypertension prevention behavior.

Family support among patients with diabetic foot ulcer

Background: Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are a common cause of death in Indonesia, with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) being one of them. Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that occurs when the pancreas cannot produce insulin, or it is a chronic condition where the body cannot effectively use insulin, leading to increased blood glucose concentration or hyperglycemia, which is a characteristic of diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing year by year, causing serious health issues in both developed and developing countries.Purpose: To identify the relationship between family support and injury incidents in patients with DM in the working area of the Cibiru Community Health Center, Bandung City in 2023.Method: This study is correlational in nature, utilizing a quantitative method conducted analytically and observationally, with cross-sectoral data collection. Chi-square analysis using Bivariate Test was employed, with a total of 40 respondents.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 59.5 with a standard deviation of 8.108 in the range of 45-75 years. The age group of 46-60 years constituted 55.5%, while the age group of 60-75 years was 45.0%. About 82.5% had high family support, 12.5% had moderate family support, and 5% had low family support. The bivariate analysis yielded a p-value of 0.027 when correlated with the occurrence of injuries. Thus, there is a relationship between family support and injury incidents in diabetic patients.Conclusion: Family support significantly influences the management or care of DM patients to minimize the occurrence of injuries.

Klasifikasi Diabetes Menggunakan Algoritma Support Vector Machine Radial Basis Function

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease associated with high levels of sugar or glucose in the blood caused by pancreatic and insulin disorders. According to data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Diabetes is the third leading cause of death in Indonesia with a percentage of 6.7%. The high rate prompted this study to conduct early detection. One approach that has been widely used is the use of the Support Vector Machine algorithm in predictive modeling. The method was chosen because it was proven in previous studies to get quite high accuracy. Several preprocessing methods were performed to prepare the data for the classification process. The data used involved parameters such as pregnancy, glucose, blood pressure, skin thickness, insulin, weight, heredity, and age. Based on experimental results in ongoing system testing, the maximum performance result is 87% using SVM.

The Probability of Stroke Based on Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) using the Framingham Risk Score Method in Hospital

Stroke is the main cause of death in Indonesia. Identification of stroke risk factors can use the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS). Researchers have designed and developed a CDSS using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) method to identify stroke in patients. The study aims to identify stroke risk factors using CDSS with the Framingham Risk Score method in dr Soebandi Hospital.This research was an analytic observational study using secondary data from medical record documents of neurology patients. . The sampling technique used was incidental sampling that met the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria used in selecting medical records were medical records that had complete data regarding gender, age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL, smoking behavior, history of diabetes mellitus, and the patient's stroke incidence thus obtaining 14 patient medical records.. Data were analyzed using the FRS method. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there were 8 patients with high risk and 6 patients with low risk. However, further research needs to be carried out on the relationship between variables so that they can contribute in more detail to efforts to reduce the prevalence of stroke in society.

Effervescent Formulation of Oil Palm Leaf Extract as a Free Radical Scavenger

Non-communicable diseases have become the leading cause of death in Indonesia, accounting for approximately 69% of deaths in 2023. Various health disorders, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, hypertension, and heart disease, are linked to oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chemical treatments often have side effects and high costs, prompting many to turn to natural remedies. One preventive measure against ROS is consuming natural foods rich in antioxidants, such as oil palm leaf extract. This study uses the roller slugging compaction method to transform oil palm leaf extract into effervescent tablets. Palm oil leaf extract has been prepared in 2 different sources ( 1st and 17th leaf) to assess percent inhibition. The experimental results showed that the 17th leaf extract had the highest antioxidant activity value (IC50 = 20.35). Then, the 17th palm oil leaf extract was used in effervescent tablet formulations. The results obtained indicate that formulation 1, consisting of 0.5 grams of oil palm leaf extract, 0.195 grams of citric acid, 0.2925 grams of tartaric acid, 0.4875 grams of NaHCO3, 0.975 grams of maltodextrin, and 0.05 grams of PVP, is the best formula for oil palm leaf extract effervescent tablets. This formulation demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 30.22), consistent with its total phenolic content (394.451 mg GAE/mL).

Faktor Prediktor Ketercapaian Target Tekanan Darah Pasien Hipertensi di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping

Hypertension is a disease that ranks third as the cause of death in Indonesia and Yogyakarta is in third place. Many factors that affect achieving blood pressure targets, such as age, comorbidities, gender, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive drug regimens are significantly associated with increased blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to describe using antihypertensive drugs and risk factors for achieving blood pressure targets in outpatient hypertension patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital, Yogyakarta. This research is a non-experimental research by designing analytical descriptive research. Data collection was carried out retrospectively from medical records of outpatient hypertension patients from January to July 2019. Data were collected by purposive sampling. The sample in this study was obtained as many as 103 patients. The data were analyzed descriptively to see the pattern of use of antihypertensive drugs and the percentage of achievement of blood pressure targets. The relationship between age, comorbidities, gender, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive drug regimen with achieving blood pressure targets was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results Based on the study, it was found that 42% of patients had achieved the blood pressure target based on Joint National Committee (JNC) VIII. Patients who received antihypertensive monotherapy were 33% and antihypertensive combinations were 67%. The most common monotherapy was Calcium Chanel Blocker (17.48%) while the most common antihypertensive combination was Angiotensin Receptor Blocker and Calcium Channel Blocker (30.10%). There was a significant relationship between age, comorbidities, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive drug regimen on achieving blood pressure targets (p<0.05). The predictor factors that significantly influence achieving blood pressure targets in hypertensive patients are age, comorbidities, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive therapy regiment