Cause Of Skin Disease Research Articles

Engineering of a bilayer antibacterial wound dressing from bovine pericardium and electrospun chitosan/PVA/antibiotics for infectious skin wounds management: An in vitro and in vivo study

Tissue deterioration and post-injury infections are the primary cause of skin diseases. Tissue engineering has developed various synthetic and natural polymers to generate bioactive scaffolds that can closely replicate the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Decellularized tissues have emerged as a potential solution for reconstructing cutaneous lesions due to their ability to preserve the intricate protein structure and provide essential functional domains for cellular differentiation. In this study, we selected bovine pericardium and subjected it to diverse decellularization methods to optimize ECM preservation. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS) infused with two clinically important antibiotics (colistin and meropenem) was directly electrospun onto the decellularized bovine pericardium (DBPS) to endow the dual-layer scaffold (DBPS-Abs) an antibacterial property. Both DBPS-Abs and DBPS demonstrated a consistent 3D microstructure with interlinked pore networks, minimal degradation, and robust mechanical stability. The DBPS-Abs group exhibited a potent antibacterial effect against standard and clinical strains of Escherichia coli. Moreover, implanting the constructs into full-thickness skin wounds in mice confirmed enhanced wound regeneration in cases treated with DBPS-Abs compared to other groups, observed over a 7- and 21-day post-implantation period. These findings highlight DBPS-Abs as a superior antibacterial wound dressing, requiring further clinical evaluations.

Development of metabolome extraction strategy for metabolite profiling of skin tissue.

Changes in skin phenotypic characteristics are based on skin tissue. The study of the metabolic changes in skin tissue can help understand the causes of skin diseases and identify effective therapeutic interventions. We aimed to establish and optimize a non-targeted skin metabolome extraction system for skin tissue metabolomics with high metabolite coverage, recovery, and reproducibility using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The metabolites in skin tissues were extracted using eleven different extraction systems, which were designed using reagents with different polarities based on sequential solid-liquid extraction employing a two-step strategy and analyzed using gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry. The extraction efficiency of diverse solvents was evaluated by coefficient of variation (CV), multivariate analysis, metabolites coverage, and relative peak area analysis. We identified 119 metabolites and the metabolite profiles differed significantly between the eleven extraction systems. Metabolites with high abundances in the organic extraction systems, followed by aqueous extraction, were involved in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, while metabolites with high abundances in the aqueous extraction systems, followed by organic extraction, were involved in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism. MeOH/chloroform-H2O and MeOH/H2O-chloroform were the extraction systems that yielded the highest number of metabolites, while MeOH/acetonitrile (ACN)-H2O and ACN/H2O-IPA exhibited superior metabolite recoveries. Our results demonstrated that our research facilitates the selection of an appropriate metabolite extraction approach based on the experimental purpose for the metabolomics study of skin tissue.

The Staphylococcus aureus regulatory program in a human skin-like environment.

Staphylococcus aureus is the major cause of skin diseases, and its increased prevalence in skin colonization and infections present a need to understand its physiology in this environment. The work presented here outlines S. aureus upregulation of colonization and virulence factors using a newly developed medium that strives to replicate the human skin surface environment and demonstrates roles for adhesins clumping factor A (ClfA), serine-rich repeat glycoprotein adhesin (SraP), and the fibronectin binding proteins (Fnbps) in human corneocyte adherence.

DEMODICOSIS ACCOMPANIED BY ANCYLOSTOMIASIS AND TOXOCARIASIS IN DOMESTIC DOG

Demodicosis is a skin disease caused by Demodex sp. mites. Ancylostomiasis is a disease caused by Ancylostoma spp worm infection in dogs. Toxocariasis is a parasitic disease caused by infection with the worm Toxocara sp. The purpose of writing this case report article is to find out the causes of skin diseases and helminthiasis that occur in case dogs and the effectiveness of the treatment carried out. A local dog named Oreo, 7 months old, has a skin problem that appeared 3 weeks before. Dog have good appetite, and urination normal. Dogs are given rice feed mixed with chicken heads. The case dog is kept tied up in the yard. The results of the physical examination showed that there were lesions on the skin in the form of erythema, crusting, alopecia, hyperpigmentation, and lots of scale on the face, earlobes, neck, forelegs, hind legs, back and tail. On the ventral side experienced alopecia, erythema, and crusts. On deep skin scraping examination, Demodex sp. mites were found. Other physical examination results showed pale mucous membranes and conjunctiva, slow skin turgor examination and prolonged capillary refill time. The results of microscopic examination of the faeces natively showed the presence of Ancylostoma spp worm eggs with an oval shape, thin shell with eight to sixteen blastomere and Toxocara sp eggs with a round brownish shape, the surface was mottled, the outer wall was very thick. Routine hematological examination showed that the case dog had hypochromic normocytic anemia. The dog was diagnosed with demodicosis and helminthiasis. Treatment is carried out by administering ivermectin, antihistamines (diphenhydramine and CTM), vitamin B complex, fish oil and sulfur soap. Evaluation after 14 days showed improvement in body condition. The treatment and therapy given gave good results, reduced pruritus, new hair grew and the dog no longer had diarrhea. Dog owners are advised to implement good maintenance management by keeping the environment where the animal lives clean to avoid re-infection.

Profil Penyakit Kulit pada Pasien Anak yang Berobat di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUD Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat Periode Januari 2020–Juni 2023

Skin diseases can affect all ages, children are no exception. Skin diseases in children can cause considerable discomfort, parental anxiety, and embarrassment in children and impact on absenteeism rates in school-age children. The purpose of this study was to determine the statistical epidemiology of pediatric skin diseases so that they could provide information regarding the prevalence of the disease so that it could be a way to evaluate the causes of skin diseases to help prevent and treat skin diseases. This study using descriptive retrospective method from secondary data from medical records of children aged 0 to 18 years undergoing treatment at the Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic at Nusa Tengara Barat Province Hospital in the period January 2020 - June 2023. Then processed with software for presentation in tabular form. During this period, there were 475 pediatric patients with 448 new patients and 27 old patients. Generally men numbered 282 (59.4%). The most common categories of skin diseases in children were infectious diseases with 288 cases (60.6%), dermato-allergo-immunology with 89 cases (18.7%) and non-infectious diseases with 59 cases (12.5%). Most skin diseases are caused by infections, mainly parasitic infestations (mostly scabies), fungal infections (mostly pityriasis versicolor) and followed by bacterial infections (mostly impetigo crustosa).

Regulatory Ability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on Human Skin Health by Counteracting In Vitro Malassezia furfur Effects.

The skin serves as the first barrier against pathogen attacks, thanks to its multifunctional microbial community. Malassezia furfur is a commensal organism of normal cutaneous microflora but is also a cause of skin diseases. It acts on different cell pattern recognition receptors (TLRs, AhR, NLRP3 inflammasome) leading to cellular damage, barrier impairment, and inflammatory cytokines production. Lactobacillus spp. Is an endogenous inhabitant of healthy skin, and studies have proven its beneficial role in wound healing, skin inflammation, and protection against pathogen infections. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the ability of live Lactiplantibacillus plantarum to interfere with the harmful effects of the yeast on human keratinocytes (HaCat) in vitro. To enable this, the cells were treated with M. furfur, either alone or in the presence of L. plantarum. To study the inflammasome activation, cells require a stimulus triggering inflammation (LPS) before M. furfur infection, with or without L. plantarum. L. plantarum effectively counteracts all the harmful strategies of yeast, reducing the phospholipase activity, accelerating wound repair, restoring barrier integrity, reducing AhR and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and, consequently, releasing inflammatory cytokines. Although lactobacilli have a long history of use in fermented foods, it can be speculated that they can also have health-promoting activities when topically applied.

Sistem Pakar Diagnosis Penyakit Kulit Pada Manusia Dengan Metode Naïve Bayes Menggunakan Shiny

Skin is the outermost part of the body's organs which is very susceptible to being influenced by the environment. Besides environmental factors, behavior and lifestyle could also be the cause of skin diseases. An expert system for diagnosing skin diseases can help patients determine the diagnosis of the disease they are suffering from based on the symptoms they feel more efficiently. This system can also provide early detection to patients so that the disease suffered by them can be treated quickly. This research develops a website-based expert system for diagnosing skin diseases in humans using the Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) method. The expert system in this research was developed using Shiny Package in R Programming with 10 types of disease and 26 symptoms data. The results of this research show that the expert system has been successful in diagnosing human skin diseases.

Preparation and Characterization of Luliconazole Nanoemulsion Based Hydrogel

Fungal infection is one of the most common causes of skin diseases. The frequency of fungus infections is increasing worldwide. Oral treatment of fungal infections it has to do with the toxic effect, long-term treatment and patient intolerance while over-the-counter treatments for mild fungal infections are associated with reduced drugs, irritation to the skin and minimal clearance of the skin. So to improve drug penetration, to minimize side effects of drugs and rapid symptomatic relief from fungal infections, nanoemulsion based hydrogel (Carbopol 934) containing an antifungal drug was prepared. Excipients were screened on the bases of solubility of drug in these excipients. Cinnamon oil was selected as oil phase, Tween 80 as surfactant and PEG 400 as cosurfactant. Ternary phase diagram was constructed between oil Smix (Tween 80 and PEG 400 (1:1) and water. Luliconazole nanoemulsion was prepared and incorporated into hydrogel. Hydrogel (1%) was prepared by dispersing the Carbopol 934 in distilled water and kept for 24 hours for complete swelling of carbopol. Triethanolamine was added for crosslinking of gel. The prepared nanoemulsion based hydrogel formulations were then characterized for appearance, pH, rheology, and drug content and drug release. Drug content was found above 85% and drug release was sustained for 12 hrs. Viscosity and pH was found optimum and safe for topical use. Hence the formulation of antifungal LZL into Nanoemulsion for topical drug delivery proves to be promising carrier for the delivery of the drug.

Analyzing Skin Disease Using XCNN (eXtended Convolutional Neural Network)

Skin disease is one of the major concerns for clinicians and researchers. Fungus, germs, allergies, and viruses are the main causes of skin diseases. There has always been unsaid competition between conventional and advanced computing-based techniques, and with these new techniques, cost of treatment is also being reduced drastically. In this paper, a deep learning-based model named eXtended Convolutional Neural Network (XCNN) has been proposed to classify three types of skin diseases (i.e., acne, rosacea, and melanoma). XCNN is easy-to-use, economic, and accurate. It will help clinicians to identify and categorize such diseases at the initial stage through automated screening. The proposed work is designed for multi-classification that takes digital images and applies XCNN to identify the type of disease. The model has been built on the dataset of the various skin disease images. It gives 95.67% accuracy in recognizing the diseases with improved recall, f1-score, and precision values compared to other state-of-the-art models.

Impact of trends in new and emerging contact allergens.

Allergic contact dermatitis represents a T cell-mediated, delayed-type hypersensitivity response to exogenous agents. While allergic contact dermatitis is one of the most common causes of skin disease encountered by dermatologists, emerging trends within the field are in constant flux, as influenced by ever-changing industry practices and evolving consumer behaviors. Although certain allergens continue to predominate, new chemicals are frequently being introduced, thus shifting the pattern of allergen exposure and sensitization. This review examines the impact of trends in new and emerging contact allergens, with particular attention to clinical contexts in which these agents may be encountered. In addition, we offer a working knowledge of these allergens’ characteristics, sources, and relevance, while outlining recommendations to accurately evaluate, diagnose, and provide appropriate counseling for these diseases.

Fungal infections in cats and dogs

Fungal infections are an easily diagnosable cause of skin disease in companion animals. This article aims to give an overview of the more common fungal infections seen in cats and dogs, how to investigate them, and how to treat them. A small section on rarer fungal infections is included for information. Veterinary nurses are often involved in dermatology clinics, so knowledge of both common and rarer dermatomycoses can be very useful.

Features of the Skin Microbiota in Common Inflammatory Skin Diseases.

Many relatively common chronic inflammatory skin diseases manifest on the face (seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea, acne, perioral/periorificial dermatitis, periocular dermatitis, etc.), thereby significantly impairing patient appearance and quality of life. Given the yet unexplained pathogenesis and numerous factors involved, these diseases often present therapeutic challenges. The term “microbiome” comprises the totality of microorganisms (microbiota), their genomes, and environmental factors in a particular environment. Changes in human skin microbiota composition and/or functionality are believed to trigger immune dysregulation, and consequently an inflammatory response, thereby playing a potentially significant role in the clinical manifestations and treatment of these diseases. Although cultivation methods have traditionally been used in studies of bacterial microbiome species, a large number of bacterial strains cannot be grown in the laboratory. Since standard culture-dependent methods detect fewer than 1% of all bacterial species, a metagenomic approach could be used to detect bacteria that cannot be cultivated. The skin microbiome exhibits spatial distribution associated with the microenvironment (sebaceous, moist, and dry areas). However, although disturbance of the skin microbiome can lead to a number of pathological conditions and diseases, it is still not clear whether skin diseases result from change in the microbiome or cause such a change. Thus far, the skin microbiome has been studied in atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, and rosacea. Studies on the possible association between changes in the microbiome and their association with skin diseases have improved the understanding of disease development, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The identification of the bacterial markers associated with particular inflammatory skin diseases would significantly accelerate the diagnostics and reduce treatment costs. Microbiota research and determination could facilitate the identification of potential causes of skin diseases that cannot be detected by simpler methods, thereby contributing to the design and development of more effective therapies.

Design and fabrication of human skin by threedimensional bioprinti

Skin has an essential role in preserving homeostasis and in maintaining the safety of the human body from outside environment by playing its role as the largest body part of human. The stratified, categorized and complex arrangement of skin gives a physical protection to the body by maintaining and regulate the transportation of metabolites and water off the body. The injuries that can originate after any chemical or physical trauma can cause impairment of skin barrier and its physiological functions.1 In skin injuries, considerable amount of skin can be lost, and it develops extremely critical to replace injury caused impaired skin. Transplants in order to protect the lots of water from body and to save the body from opportunistic pathogens can replace the impaired skin. Skin grafts can also expedite the wound recovery procedure and support and restore the barrier and can maintain the regulatory functions on the site of wound.2,3 Apart from grafts tissue engineered skin plays an exceptionally beneficial role and in vitro stage for the evaluation of skin permeability and adverse inflammation response. The tissue-engineered skin has several advantages in comparison to animal skin by having the major significance by mimicking the skin physiology and easing the ethical concerns of animal use. Additionally, tissue engineered skin models also give the significant insights into the causes of skin diseases, hence, explicate the pathophysiological mechanisms in order to see the progression, and can help in the treatment of skin disease.4,5 It has been seen that numerous tools have become accessible for the tissue engineering and are adopting different novel approaches and technologies, and amongst these 3D bioprinting offers many significant advantages Since it is possible of dispensing live cells, phase changing hydrogels, insoluble factors and maintaining high cell viability in a desired pattern.6

Investigation of patient awareness and attitude in dermatology

INTRODUCTION: It is known that patients seek to obtain medical information about diseases from the internet before coming to a doctor. Patients' knowledge of dermatological diseases or thoughts on complementary and alternative treatment (CAT) have not been investigated. It was aimed to investigate the concept of health literacy, such as the level and source of knowledge and prejudices in our country. METHODS: Nine multiple choice questions related to conditions that can cause skin diseases, reasons for applying to dermatology, which dermatological diseases they know, the department they apply for sexually transmitted diseases, diseases that can be transmitted by contact, whether they have done CAT, whether they do research the skin diseases on internet, and true-false questions regarding 14 different dermatology myths were asked. RESULTS: The vast majority of patients thought that the cause of skin diseases was stress. Fungal and parasitic diseases were mostly marked in response to contagious diseases. They often referred to urology and gynecology departments for sexually transmitted diseases. While 29% of the patients had CAT, 63.7% had researched their diseases on internet before consulting a doctor. The vast majority thought that they could sunbathe after applying sunscreen. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The patients had a lack of knowledge about contagious diseases and sunscreen use. It was not the first choice to apply to the dermatology in sexually transmitted diseases. While searching information about their disease on internet is very common, the vast majority of patients relied on the doctor's advice.

Cat Scabies at The Animal Health Clinic of Salatiga Agriculture Service on August to November 2020

Scabies is a disease caused mites and zoonotic. Scabies in cats can be caused the mites Sarcoptes scabiei and Notoedres cati. This Study aims to investigate the causes of skin disease and treatment of cats that come to the animal health clinic of Salatiga City Agriculture Service with clinical symptoms similar to scabies. Data collection was carried out from August to November 2020. Confirmation of the diagnosis was done by skin scraping the scab of the earlobe and/ or fingers and observed under a microscope with 100x magnification. The sticking of skin scrap uses liquid paraffin. The results of the investigation showed that a number of nine cats were positive for scabies with the cause mite is Sarcoptes scabiei. Treatment is done by administering ivermectin injection at a dose of 400 mcg/kg body weight and diphenhydramine 1 mg/kg body weight. Of the nine cats, there were three cats that received treatment repetitions up to two times. Without repeated skin scraping, the nine cats recovered with relief of clinical symptoms after treatment.

The local hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis in cultured human dermal papilla cells

BackgroundStress is an important cause of skin disease, including hair loss. The hormonal response to stress is due to the HPA axis, which comprises hormones such as corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol. Many reports have shown that CRF, a crucial stress hormone, inhibits hair growth and induces hair loss. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of CRF on human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) as well as hair follicles and to investigate whether the HPA axis was established in cultured human DPCs.ResultsCRF inhibited hair shaft elongation and induced early catagen transition in human hair follicles. Hair follicle cells, both human DPCs and human ORSCs, expressed CRF and its receptors and responded to CRF. CRF inhibited the proliferation of human DPCs through cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Anagen-related cytokine levels were downregulated in CRF-treated human DPCs. Interestingly, increases in proopiomelanocortin (POMC), ACTH, and cortisol were induced by CRF in human DPCs, and antagonists for the CRF receptor blocked the effects of this hormone.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that stress can cause hair loss by acting through stress hormones. Additionally, these results suggested that a fully functional HPA axis exists in human DPCs and that CRF directly affects human DPCs as well as human hair follicles under stress conditions.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis of the Anogenital Region in Men and Women.

Allergic contact dermatitis is an uncommon but important cause of skin disease in the anogenital region. Relevant allergens are described in women and less commonly in men. The aim of this study was to describe outcomes of patch testing in men and women presenting with anogenital dermatoses. Cases patch tested for anogenital conditions at 2 patch test clinics in Sydney, Australia, from 2002 to 2017 were reviewed. Positive and relevant patch test reactions were recorded. Thirty-seven women and 27 men were included. Dermatitis was the most common diagnosis, followed by psoriasis and lichen sclerosus. Thirty percent had a final diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. The most frequent relevant allergens were fragrance mix I (9%), patients own products (9%), Myroxylon pereirae (8%), cocamidopropyl betaine (3%), and benzocaine (3%). The top positive and relevant allergens seen were in concordance with other reports from Australia and the rest of the world. Fragrances and medicaments are common allergens, and it is recommended that products used on anogenital skin be fragrance free. Testing patients own products is imperative.

Where in the World Did You Get That Rash?

1. Panteha Eshtiaghi, HBSc* 2. Miriam Weinstein, MD, FRCPC† 1. *Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 2. †Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada * Abbreviations: ACD: : allergic contact dermatitis CD: : cercarial dermatitis CL: : cutaneous leishmaniasis CLM: : cutaneous larva migrans DF: : dengue fever HFMD: : hand, foot, and mouth disease HSV: : herpes simplex virus KD: : Kawasaki disease PCR: : polymerase chain reaction PR: : pityriasis rosea RT-PCR: : reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction The challenge to diagnose cutaneous eruptions and lesions in patients who have spent time in foreign countries is increasingly common. With the advent of increased global travel, foreign adoptions, immigration, and refugee seekers, rashes that were once relegated to the realm of the exotic and likely to show up in a tropical diseases clinic may now present to a general pediatrician. Furthermore, the pediatric traveler is at increased risk for dermatoses. (1) It behooves the practitioner to be aware of these skin findings, to be able to recognize them and distinguish them from other skin conditions. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Identify and classify rashes by main morphologic patterns. 2. Develop a broad differential diagnosis and diagnostic approach for a rash in a returned pediatric traveler based on initial morphology, history, epidemiology, and other clinical features. 3. Consider both infectious and noninfectious causes of skin disorders presenting in a patient with a travel history. 4. Outline the basic investigations and principles of management for travel-acquired and non–travel-acquired dermatologic illnesses. 5. Discuss …

DNA and Protein Analyses to Confirm the Absence of Cross-Contamination and Support the Clinical Reliability of Extensively Hydrolysed Diets for Adverse Food Reaction-Pets.

Adverse food reactions (AFR) are a common cause of skin diseases in cats and dogs. The correct diagnosis and management of AFR relies upon clinical nutrition. The reliability of commercial hypoallergenic diets commonly used in AFR has been questioned because studies have shown the presence of proteins not declared on the label ingredients. It is proposed that extensively hydrolysed protein-based diets constitute a reliable nutritional solution. Royal Canin Anallergenic™ Canine and Feline diets are formulated with very low molecular weight feather protein and purified corn starch. Protein gel electrophoresis and thin layer paper chromatography were used to characterize protein hydrolysis in these diets and their hydrolysed raw materials; protein species were identified by mass spectrometry. To detect cross-contaminating protein, species-specific DNA was measured and correlated with ancillary protein content using calibration curves. The only protein components detected in the extensively hydrolysed feather protein raw material were amino acids and small oligopeptides. GBSS-I (Granule-bound starch synthase 1) was detected in the finished diets; this has not been reported as a clinically apparent allergen in dogs or cats. The DNA threshold corresponding to the maximum acceptable level of ancillary protein was not exceeded in 99.9% of more than 2150 product batches tested and no products were released to the market with cross-contaminating proteins. These results demonstrate the extensive level of protein hydrolysis in Royal Canin Anallergenic™ Canine and Feline diets and the absence of cross-contaminating protein, both key requirements for a diet to be used during diagnosis and for management of pets with AFR.

Clinical spectrum of skin diseases in a newly established dermatology clinic in South-Western Nigeria: A preliminary study

Background: Skin diseases are major health problems especially in resource poor countries and one of the most frequent conditions informing hospital visit. Despite its low mortality, morbidity is however remarkable due partly to meagre resources allocated to skin health care and inadequate dermatologists to manage the increasing number of cases. This preliminary study therefore seeks to evaluate the clinical characteristics of skin diseases in a newly established clinic in Owo, a semi-urban settlement, in South-western Nigeria. The data from this study can assist the health policy makers in prioritizing resources allocated to health to improve skin health and also creates awareness on how prevalent skin diseases are in this locality with a view to giving it the desired attention.Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out between April, 2016 and March, 2017. Information comprising age, sex and diagnoses were retrieved from the medical records of all the patients that attended the Dermatology Clinic within the study period.Results: We reviewed 204 patients' medical records within the study period. The mean age was 33.88 ± 20.57 (SD) years with age ranged between seven months and 81 years. The females formed 55.4% of the patients with male to female ratio of 1:1.2. Infections had the highest prevalence of 33.3% with about half being fungal infections (16.2%). Infections of public health importance like leprosy and onchocerciasis were 1.0% each. Scabies was seen in significant number (6.4%) of the patients. Papulosquamous and reactive dermatoses were seen with equal proportion (10.8% each). Vitiligo was the most common pigmentary disorders found in this study. Acne and acneform eruptions was 5.4%. Atopic dermatitis was the predominant dermatitis seen among the patients with eczema.Conclusions: Infectious dermatoses remain the commonest cause of skin diseases. Addressing poverty, instituting public health preventive measures and increase access to dermatologist will enhance patients' skin health.Conflict of Interest: There is no conflict of interest.Running Title: Skin diseases newly established dermatology clinicKeywords: spectrum, skin, disease, dermatology, clinic