Cause Of Sickness Research Articles

What Can Financial Institutions do to Prevent Corporate Sickness?

Corporate sickness has reached the proportions of an epidemic. Yet more than four-fifths of the large sick units are considered potentially viable. Public financial institutions have a major stake in the revival of sick units, because they assist most and up to well over half their invested capital. What can they do to prevent sickness? Professor Khandwalla conducted an interview-cum-questionnaire study of officials, especially 36 rehabilitation officers closely involved with sick units. While inappropriate management is the major cause of sickness, financial institutions' own procedures arid practices are also an important cause. Several recommendations emerge from the study for remedying the situation through early detection and timely preventive action.

Pandemic Influenza 1700-1900: A Study in Historical Epidemiology

Influenza remains one of the most important infectious diseases in the wealthier countries of the world. It is a major cause of sickness and, especially among the elderly, a significant cause of death; it is the only infectious disease among the ten top killers in the United States. In the Great Pandemic that swept the world near the end of World War I, an estimated 559 000 people died in the United States, about ten times the number of Americans who died in the war. Worldwide, two to three times more people died in a six-month period when influenza raged than from military action during the four years of a devastating war. Can such a dreadful catastrophe occur again? Type A influenza virus, the type associated with pandemics, has a genome made up of eight segments, which can separate, mix with the fragments of other strains of A influenza that

A discussion on technologies for rural health. Paediatrics.

The major causes of sickness, death and disability in childhood in the poor countries of the world are remarkably similar, but available medical recourses and the systems of medical care in these countries show great variability. Political aims and social organization would appear to be of greater importance than the availability of technical resources in determining patterns of basic medical care and their effectiveness. Given a favourable socio-political climate the scope of basic medical care, even in countries with very meagre national resources, can be enhanced by effective deployment of human and other national resources, sensible application of intermediate technology and judicious use of more sophisticated technology. The broad objectives of basic paediatric care are stated and examples cited to illustrate various approaches to the attainment of these objectives including suggestions for the use of appropriate technology.

Respiratory disease in infancy

As A RESULT of antibiotic therapy and other favourable factors, a decline has occurred in the mortality and morbidity from infective illness in all age groups. Nevertheless infection, and in particular respiratory infection, remains a major cause of sickness and death in infancy. In the years 1961-1963 in England and Wales respiratory disease (ISC 470-527): accounted for 8711(14.8 per cent) of the 58,982 deaths in children between the ages of 1 month and 3 yr. Pneumonia in the first month of life (ISC 763.0-763.5)$ accounted for a further 2146 deaths. Morbidity data is less readily available, but in 1962 respiratory disease (excluding hypertrophy of tonsils and adenoids) caused 45,150 (15.5 per cent) admissions in England and Wales in children under the age of 5 yr. [l] Data from the Oxford Record Linkage Study provide an opportunity to define factors related to the risk of developing respiratory illness in the first 3 yr of life.

Effect of tranquilizers on medical morbidity and mortality in a mental hospital.

Among 1,324 patients admitted from a psychiatric service to a medical service during an 8-year period, there were 236 deaths. The first 4 years (pretranquilizer Period A, 1952-1955) were compared with the last 4 years (Period B, 1956-1959) when most patients were receiving tranquilizers. While some causes of sickness and death were unaffected, 3 significant differences were found, namely an increased morbidity and mortality from arteriosclerotic heart disease and cancer, an increase in suicides, and the appearance of known complications from drug therapy during Period B. It was not always possible to link these changes to the use of tranquilizers, but it was noted that 90% of the patients who committed suicide during Period B had been receiving tranquilizers.

Approach to the Primitive

M AGIC, SORCERY, FATE-these are thought to be the causes of sickness by the Ha tribe of Tanganyika, East Africa. Cures are arrived at through the rituals of the witch doctor. As for preventive medicine, you try not to let yourself be poisoned, and you take what steps you can to keep the spirits contented. But, in spite of witch doctor and propitiation, yaws, leprosy, pneumonia, intestinal parasites, and a myriad of other diseases are prevalent. Maternal and infant death rates are

Approach to the Primitive

M AGIC, SORCERY, FATE-these are thought to be the causes of sickness by the Ha tribe of Tanganyika, East Africa. Cures are arrived at through the rituals of the witch doctor. As for preventive medicine, you try not to let yourself be poisoned, and you take what steps you can to keep the spirits contented. But, in spite of witch doctor and propitiation, yaws, leprosy, pneumonia, intestinal parasites, and a myriad of other diseases are prevalent. Maternal and infant death rates are

Air pollution asthmatic-bronchitis among United States personnel in Japan.

Asthmatic-bronchitis, presumably due to air pollution, has been a major cause of sickness among U.S. Forces personnel in the Tokyo-Yokohama area. The most prominent symptoms are nocturnal cough, wheezing, and shortness of breath. The disease seems to differ from typical bronchial asthma in the following ways: (1) Onset in early adult life. (2) Absence of allergy history. (3) Persistent shortness of breath between attacks. (4) Persistent abnormal pulmonary function tests between attacks. (5) Resistance to treatment early in the course of the disease. (6) No improvement of pulmonary function studies after Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB) using Isuprel or epinephrine. Perhaps most characteristic of this disease is the marked subsidence of symptoms when the patient leaves the Kanto Plain. Treatment has been outlined with special emphasis on bronchodilators, hydration, and liquefaction of bronchial secretions. Steroids are used in the seriously ill patient, but they do not completely relieve him of exertional dyspnea. Patients with marked shortness of breath with air flow obstruction by pulmonary function studies and with frequent occurrence of coughing and wheezing, should not be maintained on long-term steroids but should move out of the Kanto Plain. A simple test would be to have the patient go for a few days out of the Kanto Plain and see if he gets relief of his symptoms. If he does get relief, then he should consider moving. It is reasonable to assume that, with increasing industrialization in the Kanto Plain and accompanying increased air pollution, the incidence rate of this disease will increase. With increased smog in other areas of the world, it may be that this disease will be found elsewhere.

Trichobilharzia brantae n. sp. (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) from the Canada Goose (Branta canadensis L.)

In the course of an investigation of the cause of sickness and death among Canada geese in their overwintering grounds, carried on jointly by the Parasite Research Laboratory, Animal Disease and Parasite Research Branch and the Disease Laboratory, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, a blood fluke belonging to the genus Trichobilharzia was discovered. The species appears to be new, and for it the name T. brantae is proposed. The long fragile flukes were difficult to remove intact, since they usually occurred in a network of veins. One specimen was removed from the mesenteric veins and the remaining specimens from the kidney veins. Occasionally a tangled knot of males and females was enmeshed within a vein in a gelatinous substance in which were also trapped numbers of eggs (Fig. A).

Midwinter Rites of the Cayuga Long House

charm of [Dr. Speck's] book is matched only by the quiet dignity and poetic imagery of the Cayuga. Immersing himself in the native scene, the author entered sympathetically into the spirit of their thought...Both the prayers and myths are remarkable for their power and loveliness. (Canadian Historical Review). Since Speck's attitude towards native religion was charged with the highest respect and sympathy, he always was extremely successful in eliciting the cooperation of informants in securing reliable information...Speck's linguistic gifts also facilitated such inquiries. (American Anthropologist). During his last years ethnohistorian Frank G. Speck turned to the study of Iroquois ceremonialism. This 1950 book investigates the religious rites of the Cayuga tribe, one of six in the Iroquois confederation that occupied upstate New York until the American Revolution. In the 1930s and the 1940s Frank Speck observed the Midwinter Ceremony, the Cayuga thanksgiving for the blessings of life and health, performed in long houses on the Six Nations Reserve in Ontario. Collaborating with Alexander General (Deskaheh), the noted Cayuga chief, Speck describes vividly the rites and dances giving thanks to all spiritual entities. Of special interest are the medicine societies that not only prescribed herbs but used powerfully evocative masks in treating the underlying causes of sickness. In a new introduction, William N. Fenton discusses Speck's distinguished career. Fenton, a Distinguished Professor Emeritus of anthropology, SUNY at Albany, is the author of The False Faces of the Iroquois.

Health of the Army in India

ACCORDING to the annual report for 1939 on the health of the Army in India, there were no serious epidemics during the year among British or Indian troops, although civilian areas in which troops were placed suffered from cholera, plague, small–pox, dysentery, malaria and enteric fever. The hospital admission–rate among British troops was as large as 666 per 1,000 of strength during the year, and was an increase on the rate for the previous year, but the death–rate of 2.75 per 1,000 and the invaliding–rate of 9.14 per 1,000 were lower. Among the Indian troops the death–rate was also down, but the hospital admission– and invaliding–rates were up. This increase, however, was undoubtedly due to the conditions of war service and the return or influx of large numbers of men potentially infected with malaria and other prevalent diseases. Malaria and dysentery held the first place in the list of principal causes of sickness among British officers, and were followed by cellulitis and catarrhal jaundice. Malaria also held the chief place among soldiers, and next came cellulitis, and a good way down tonsillitis; but dysentery came sixth and was only half as frequent as a cause of admission as malaria. The prevalence of dysenteric infections was found to be due to lack of sanitation surrounding the troops' area. Respiratory diseases were little in evidence, and there were no epidemics beyond minor outbreaks of mild influenza and pharyngitis. Nor was there any sign among the military population of the steady increase in tuberculosis which appeared to be occurring in the civilian population.

Some causes of sickness in Naval Training Establishments

Some causes of sickness in Naval Training Establishments

Paratyphoid C, an Endemic Disease in British Guiana

From 72 cases of pyrexial illness, occurring in British Guiana, an organism has been isolated which has the cultural and serological reactions of B. para-typhosus C (Hirschfeld). It seems probable that enteric fever, due to infection with this organism, is now endemic in the Colony, and is an important cause of sickness and death.

HYGIENE OF WRESTLING MATS

facts in a form to put even a county seat or county on the same basis for purposes of statistical comparison of results as the metropolis of a state or the state itself. Lack of use by health officers of standard tables of mortality and morbidity where consideration is given to race, sex and age as well as the cause of sickness and death, and absence of plan and method are the primary reasons why personnel and equipment are not established in the health office to make the annual report and the current epidemiological study of the community possible. The progress which has followed the conscientious application of science to the protection of health demands as accurate, uniform and continuous a performance in the laboratory of statistics as has from the beginning characterized the work of the diagnostic laboratories of health departments. Such a standard has not yet been attained. The power of authority and professional opinion latent within these two sections of Public Health Administration and Vital Statistics, if applied with courage, could effect material improvement in the quality of morbidity and mortality reports.

CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING SOME EXTERNAL SOURCES OF INFECTION IN THEIR BEARING ON PREVENTIVE MEDICINE.

No department of medicine has been cultivated in recent years with such zeal and with such fruitful results, as that relating to the causes of infectious diseases. The most important of these results for preventive medicine, and for the welfare of mankind is the knowledge that a large proportion of the causes of sickness and death are removable. It is evident that efforts to preserve health will be most intelligently and effectually applied when they are based upon an accurate and full knowledge of the agencies which cause disease. Public and private hygiene, however, can not, and fortunately has not, waited for the full light of that day whose dawn has only begun to appear, when we shall have a clear insight into the causation of preventable diseases. Cleanliness and comfort demand that means shall be taken to render pure the ground on which we live, the air which we

The Physiological Bearing of Electricity on Health 1

THE reader of the paper commenced by stating that electricity as at present used is at once a source of danger, a possible cause of sickness, and a remedy.