Cause Of Ocular Trauma Research Articles

Ocular prostheses in the last century: a retrospective analysis of 8018 patients

To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with ocular prosthesis to assess the causes of eye loss in the different genders and age groups, and their incidence over the years. We retrospectively examined the rates of ocular prosthesis application and related causes in the period from 1927 to 2011 in a referral center in Rome, Italy, and compared them over time. We also compared the results within the population in terms of age and gender. Of 8018 ocular prosthesis wearers, 63% were males and 37% were females, with a mean age of 29 years. The most frequent cause of ocular prosthesis application was a traumatic event (54%), with work-related eye injuries being the most frequent single cause of ocular trauma reported. Other frequent causes were end-stage ocular diseases, tumors, and malformations, without significant differences in gender. Tumors and malformations showed a slight increasing trend over time, while end-stage ocular diseases and work-related injuries remained unchanged, and other traumatic events decreased. The constantly high frequency of ocular prosthesis application for work-related injuries and end-stage ocular diseases suggests that preventive measures for these events have not been addressed accordingly, and might represent a neglected public-health issue.

Distracted pedestrian sustains orbital fracture while on cell phone

Use of cell phones in the general population has become increasingly commonplace. The distracting effects of cell phones among automobile drivers are well established, and legislation prohibits the use of handheld cell phones while driving in several states. Recent research has focused on the similar distracting effects of cell phones in the pedestrian population. In this report, an older gentleman suffered extensive facial trauma requiring surgery as a direct effect of cell phone use at the time the trauma occurred. This case highlights the role that portable electronic devices can play as a cause of ocular trauma.

Ocular trauma in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria

Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the patterns of ocular trauma among patients presenting at the Federal Medical Centre in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. Methods. A 1-year retrospective review was undertaken of all patients presenting with ocular trauma to the Federal Medical Centre in Birnin Kebbi. Results. Ocular trauma was observed in 89 of 1800 (4.9%) patients attending the eye clinic during the study period, with 65 (73%) being males and 46 (51.7%) being children aged 0–16 years. Of these 89 cases of trauma, 59 (66.3%) were caused by blunt and 30 (33.7%) by penetrating injuries, with a majority (61.8%) occurring in the home during weekdays. The greatest numbers of injuries were inflicted by sticks (25.8%) and stones (20.2%). The cornea was affected in 47.2% of cases. Prior to presentation, 79.8% of patients used eye drops purchased over the counter and 7% used a harmful traditional eye medication. Sixty per cent presented 1 week after the trauma took place. At presentation, 33.7% of patients were blind; causes of blindness were corneal scarring (in 34.5% of blind patients), bullous keratopathy (in 27.6%), corneal blood staining (in 10.3%), aphakia (in 6.9%) and retinal detachment (in 20.7%). Visual acuity at presentation (P = 0.001) correlated with visual acuity at discharge, when the proportion of patients who were blind remained at 32.6% (P = 0.002). A relationship was found between both age (P = 0.017) and occupation (P = 0.000) and the location in which the injury occurred, but this was not so for sex (P = 0.069). No relationships were found between age (P = 0.286), sex (P = 0.502) or occupation (P = 0.637) and the causes of ocular trauma. Age (P = 0.354) and sex (P = 0.511) showed no connection with the part of the eye affected; however, there was an association between the site of the injury and the patient’s occupation (P = 0.001). Conclusion. Ocular trauma remains a significant cause of preventable blindness in developing economies. Renewed efforts are required to reduce cases of blindness from ocular trauma, especially among males and among children during school holidays.

Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of severe childhood ocular injuries in Southern Iran

Purpose:To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with ocular trauma.Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 278 children (aged 15 years or less) hospitalized with ocular injuries and treated as inpatients at a tertiary referral center in Shiraz, Iran, from 2005 to 2008. Nominal variables were evaluated with a Chi-square test. A P-value less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance.Results:The cohort was comprised of 205 (74%) males, outnumbering females by a ratio of 2.81/1. The mean age was 7.6 ± 3.96 years. Rural residents comprised 125 (45%) of the cohort. Sharp objects caused ocular injury in 211 (76%) cases, and 207 (74%) cases had open-globe injuries. The lens was injured in 62 (30%) cases at initial examination and 89 (43%) patients according to ultrasound examination (P = 0.006). Twenty-eight cases (10%) developed post-traumatic endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis was associated with needle injury [odd ratio (OR) = 19.25] and presence of intraocular foreign body (OR = 3.48). Visual acuity of patients with closed-globe injuries was 20/200 or better on both initial and final examinations. Visual acuity of patients with open-globe injuries were in the range of light perception to 20/200.Conclusions:Trauma is an important cause of childhood ocular morbidity in southern Iran. Playing with sharp objects is an important cause of ocular trauma in children, and most injuries can be prevented by careful supervision.

Work-Related Eye Injury: The Main Cause of Ocular Trauma in Iran

Occupational eye injuries are among the major causes of ocular trauma and can cause severe visual impairment, with even minor injuries incurring considerable financial costs due to work absenteeism. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology of eye trauma and the role of occupational injuries at Farabi Eye Hospital, which is the largest eye hospital in Iran. In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 822 eyes from 768 trauma patients presenting to Farabi Eye Hospital were enrolled in the study. The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System and the United States Eye Injury Registry model were adopted as the basis for the study questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed through in-person interviews and comprehensive ocular examinations. The mean age of ocular trauma patients was 31.11 years, and 685 (89.2%) patients were male. Of all eye injuries, 73.7% were work-related. Only 2.2% of the patients were wearing safety goggles at the time of injury. History of previous eye trauma was positive in 44.3% of cases. An Ocular Trauma Score 3 or more was present in 4% of patients. Work-related eye trauma is the major cause of eye injury in Iran and most often occurs as a result of the lack of proper eye protection. Most work-related eye injury patients are young men.

Les décollements de rétine post contusifs: Étude rétrospective à propos de 48 cas

Analysis of the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of retinal detachment after ocular blunt trauma. We retrospectively reviewed 48 patients with isolated retinal detachment after ocular blunt trauma, studying their epidemiological characteristics (age, sex and trauma circumstances), their clinic details and the surgical techniques used. The average age of our patients was 39.3 Years; most were male (75%). Assault and home accidents were the most common cause of ocular trauma (83.2%). Total retinal detachment was noted in 47.9%. Of the retinal breaks found, dialysis at the ora serrata was observed in 22%, atrophic holes in 33.9%, retinal breaks in 40.6% and giant tears in 4.2%. Most of the breaks were situated at the lower temporal quadrant. Forty one out of the 48 patients were operated on, with surgical treatment consisting in episcleral surgery in 38 cases and vitreoretinal surgery in three cases. Complete anatomical success was achieved in 92.7%. This survey shows that the prognosis of retinal detachment after ocular blunt trauma remains favorable given the young age and the absence of advanced vitreoretinal proliferation, but this should not affect the importance of prevention.

Indirect traumatic rupture of the globe without conjunctival injury

Blunt injuries are frequent causes of ocular trauma. Rupture of the globe without conjunctival injury following ocular contusions may be as dangerous as ruptures with opened conjunctiva, but is much more difficult to diagnose. Retrospective analysis of 13 inpatients of the University Ophthalmological Hospital in 1991-1995 with rupture of the globe but without conjunctival injury following ocular contusion. These were 5 % of all the patients with through-through injuries of the eye wall. The characteristic finding in all 13 patients has been hyposphagma, hyphema, vitreal haemorrhage and loss of visual acuity to "finger counting" or less. At the time of the first examination, in 6 of the 13 patients intraocular pressure was between 3 mm Hg and 16 mm Hg. One patient had had an initial pressure of 3 mm Hg, but at the time of surgery, the eye had a stable normalized pressure. Postoperatively three of the 13 patients attained final visual acuities between 80/200 and 140/200 after at least 6 months, the remaining patients achieved not more than 5/200. In patients after blunt eye trauma rupture of the globe may occur in patients without damaging the conjunctiva and with normalised intraocular pressure. In such cases with intraocular bleeding and loss of vision it may be essential to open the conjunctiva and explore the sclera in order to be sure that there has not been a rupture of the sclera and to have the opportunity to perform pars-plana vitrectomy in time.

Visual impact of using traditional medicine on the injured eye in Africa

A 1-year clinical study was performed on 257 consecutive patients with eye injury admitted in Muhimbili Medical Centre from January 1993 to January 1994. It describes the causes, presenting visual acuity and associated ocular complications, use of traditional eye medicine on the injured eye and lastly the visual outcome. Patients were classified into perforating and non-perforating injury patients. Stones, sticks and metallic objects were the major causes of ocular trauma. The main types of traditional medicines used were plant juices, milk mixed with black powder and pounded roots. The route of application was mainly instillation into the conjunctival sac. Traditional eye medicines were used by 49% of all patients. The main ocular complications presented keratitis, endophthalmitis and panophthalmitis were seen more in patients with a positive history of using traditional eye medicines than those with a negative history. Poor visual outcome was also seen more in patients who used traditional eye medicines than in those who did not use them. The use of traditional medicines on the injured eye is likely to be associated with a very poor visual outcome. It is thus, recommended that intensive health education be provided to create awareness in the community of the dangers of using traditional medicine on injured eyes. It is also recommended to integrate traditional healers into the modern health system in order to use their psychotherapeutically useful abilities and control their practices.

Severe Ocular Trauma From a Driver's-Side Air Bag

Motor vehicle accidents are a common cause of ocular trauma in the United States. Most ocular injuries occur in patients not wearing a lap-shoulder seat belt. 1,2 The air bag was recently introduced as a method to reduce the consequences of frontal and front angle collisions, which account for more than 50% of motor vehicle accidents involving serious injuries and fatalities. 3 Air bags have been estimated to reduce the incidence of brain injury in motor vehicle accidents by as much as 25%. 3 Inflation of an air bag may also reduce the frequency and severity of ocular trauma. We describe herein a patient who sustained significant ocular trauma from an inflated air bag during a motor vehicle accident. Report of a Case. —A 26-year-old man driving 35 miles per hour and restrained by a three-point lap-shoulder belt crashed head-on into a tree. The driver's-side air bag inflated during the

Ocular injuries in Malawi.

A survey was made of 205 patients admitted to hospital for ocular trauma in Malawi in south-east Africa from January 1976 to December 1977. Results of the survey show that eye trauma is a relatively common problem in this developing country, occurring most frequently in children, young adults, and males. Most eye injuries in Malawi occurred under domestic circumstances; the major cause of ocular trauma was associated with chopping and gathering wood. Industrial injuries were rare. The most common injury was contusion and the most frequent complication was traumatic cataract. Most treated eyes retained useful vision.