As is so often the case in pediatrics, prevention, especially the use of vaccines, proved to be one of the major areas of attention during the past year. Other major developments included reports of a role for vitamin A for the possible prevention of millions of childhood deaths worldwide and the demonstration of a method for producing a more optimistic developmental outcome for the low-birth-weight infant. In October 1990 a diphtheria protein—conjugated<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>type b vaccine (HibTITER, Praxis Biologics Inc, Rochester, NY) was licensed for use in infants beginning at 2 months of age.<sup>1</sup><i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>type b is the most frequent cause of invasive bacterial infection among children between the ages of 1 month and 3 years. Immunologic immaturity of infants and young children has made vaccine prevention for this most susceptible age group impossible in the past. Capsular polysaccharide vaccine (PRP) was licensed in the United