Cause Of Invalidity Research Articles

Chemerin as a cardiovascular biological marker: Present and future

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of invalidity and mortality in the majority of developed countries and are recognized by the international community as a pandemic problem. An important task of modern cardiology is the search and study of new biological markers. This literature review aimed to consider chemerin as a new diagnostic and prognostic marker for cardiovascular pathologies. Thus far, studies on chemerin indicate the possibility of its use as a marker of cardiovascular pathology. Evidence points to the important role of chemerin in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. As an adipokine, chemerin modulates glucose, and lipid levels, thereby influencing lipid deposition in the endothelium and progression of atherosclerosis. As a chemoattractant, it facilitates the mobilization and interaction of macrophages with dendritic cells and natural killer cells in the vascular system and induces endothelial angiogenesis. The established role of chemerin in vascular inflammation, angiogenesis, and blood pressure modulation opens serious prospects for the development of therapeutics targeting this biomarker for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Several candidates targeting chemerin and the CMRK1 signaling pathway have shown promising potential in reducing vascular dysfunction in in vitro and in vivo studies. Further studies analyzing the efficacy and safety of new chemerin-targeting drugs are needed to assess their potential.

The role of mitochondrial DNA in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases

Diseases of the cardiovascular system keeps the lead among the main causes of invalidity, disability and mortality ofthe population. There is a steady increase in cardiovascular diseases, that is why the identification of new markers, that would allow calculating the risks of complications and associated pathological conditions, is one of the most important tasks of modern fundamental and applied medicine. The paper presents current information on the relationship between the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of mitochondrial DNA with the risk of organ failure. The reasons for the body's immune response to the mitochondrial DNA presence outside the cell are considered. The question of mitochondrial DNAs role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular pathology and inflammatory processes is highlighted. Contradictory information about the change in the amount of freely circulating mitochondrial DNA during the development of organ failure was revealed. However, all authors agree that the number of mitochondrial DNA copies indicates disorders associated with the provision of vital functions of cells, organs and tissues. The study shows that the level of freely circulating mitochondrial DNA in blood plasma, which is currently used to predict the development of complications and mortality in a number of different diseases, is a promising nonspecific marker of cytolytic processes. A comprehensive study of cytological, biochemical and molecular biological indicators at various (especially at early) stages of organ failure development, as well as during the cardiovascular diseases establishment, will provide new important information about the cellular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and will form the basis for the development of early diagnostic markers and new therapeutic schemes.

TISSUE-SPECIFIC DELETION OF LSD-1 IN MICE TO INVESTIGATE ITS ROLE IN THE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE HOMEOSTASIS

Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative pathology of the joint involving the articular cartilage. This is the major chronic joint disease worldwide and a major cause of invalidity but there is still no curative treatment. The causes remain unclear but the role of the chondrocytes, where many gene dysregulations occur, is crucial. There are now growing evidences that epigenetic signaling is a new and important level of gene regulation for the homeostasis of that tissue. The epigenetic factors have emerged as promising targets but they are only scarcely investigated in the context of OA.

Nomenclature of Italian Syntaxa of the Classes Festuco hystricis-Ononidetea striatae and Rumici-Astragaletea siculi

This paper aims at revising the nomenclature of the Italian syntaxa belonging to the Festuco hystricis-Ononidetea striatae and Rumici-Astragaletea siculi classes according to the 'EuroVegChecklist' at the ranks of class, order and alliance. The correct syntaxon names, authors’ citations, nomenclatural types and eventual causes of invalidity and illegitimacy are identified and reported. Two classes (Cerastio-Carlinetea nebrodensis, Festuco hystricis-Ononidetea striatae), two orders (Erysimo-Jurineetalia bocconei, Euphorbietalia myrsinitae) and three alliances (Cerastio-Astragalion nebrodensis, Armerio denticulatae-Stipion etruscae, Sideritidion italicae), treated as valid syntaxa in the EuroVegChecklist, turned out to be invalidly published. The new class Helianthemo cani-Seslerietea nitidae is here described to replace the Festuco hystricis-Ononidetea striatae. The Erysimo bonanniani-Jurineetalia bocconei is validated to contain the new alliance Alysso nebrodensis-Koelerion splendentis and the validated Cerastio tomentosi-Astragalion nebrodensis. Since the Koelerio brutiae-Astragalion calabrici turned out to be a superfluous name, to represent the silicicolous pulvinate scrub of the Sila Mountains the Plantaginenion serpentinae is raised to the rank of alliance. The order Festuco-Seslerietalia nitidae, previously deemed as invalid, is proven to be validly published, and it is the earliest available name for the supra- and oromediterranean xeric calcicolous grasslands of the Italian Peninsula. Three mutations of names are provided, and the Astragaletum calabrici is lectotypified.

Predictors for Long-Term Prognosis after Acute Coronary Syndrome

Summary Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of invalidity and death in developed countries. Among them, the main cause of death is coronary artery disease. In this retrospective study, 172 patients with acute coronary syndrome (STEMI, NSTEMI, UA) are included. They had been hospitalized on an emergency basis in the Cardiology Department, Invasive Sector of Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich Hospital in Stara Zagora, and the Cardiology Hospital -Yambol between January 2009 and February 2010. We found a significant difference in the age at acute coronary syndrome (ACS) occurrence by sex: earlier manifestation was observed in men (p=0.018). The univariant regression analysis showed that elderly age (p=0.005, OR 1.024), glomerular filtration <90 ml/h (p=0.006, OR 0.964), GRACE-score > 140 pt (p<0.001, OR 1.045), HF (Killip class ≥ II) (p=0.002, OR 15.6) and EF<40% (p=0.003, OR 1) were factors for adverse prognosis in the first, fifth and ninth year. Only GRACE-score was an independent predictor of death obtained by multivariate regression analysis in the study (p=0.002, OR 1.052). The factors influencing long-term survival adversely after ACS are age, smoking, chronic kidney disease, previously experienced myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, three-vessel coronary disease, and decreased systolic function of the left ventricle, and GRACE > 140 p.

Development of a new genetic model to investigate the role of the chromatin modifying enzyme LSD1 during osteoarthritis

Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative pathology of the joint involving the articular cartilage. During ageing, that tissue becomes progressively eroded without efficient spontaneous repair. This is the major chronic joint disease worldwide and a major cause of invalidity but there is still no curative treatment. The causes remain unclear but the role of the chondrocytes, where many gene dysregulations occur, is crucial. There is now growing evidence that epigenetic signaling is a new level of gene regulation important for the homeostasis of articular cartilage.

Traumatic Brain Injury: A Forensic Approach: A Literature Review.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the principal cause of invalidity and death in the population under 45 years of age worldwide.This mini-review aims to systematize the forensic approach in neuropathological studies, highlighting the proper elements to be noted during external, radiological, autoptical, and histological examinations with particular attention paid to immunohistochemistry and molecular biology.In the light of the results of this mini-review, an accurate forensic approach can be considered mandatory in the examination of suspected TBI with medico-legal importance, in order to gather all the possible evidence to corroborate the diagnosis of a lesion that may have caused, or contributed to, death. From this point of view, only the use of an evidence-based protocol can reach a suitable diagnosis, especially in those cases in which there are other neuropathological conditions (ischemia, neurodegeneration, neuro-inflammation, dementia) that may have played a role in death.This is even more relevant when corpses, in an advanced state of decomposition, are studied, where the radiological, macroscopic and histological analyses fail to give meaningful answers. In these cases, immune-histochemical and molecular biology diagnostics are of fundamental importance and a forensic neuropathologist has to know them. Particularly, MiRNAs are promising biomarkers for TBI both for brain damage identification and for medico-legal aspects, even if further investigations are required to validate the first experimental studies. In the same way, the genetic substrate should be examined during any forensic examination, considering its importance in the outcome of TBI.

Knee joint distraction as treatment for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of invalidity and is often treated with a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). While TKA is considered cost-effective, reduces pain and improves function, it brings a greater risk of a future revision surgery when performed in younger patients. Knee joint distraction (KJD) is a joint-preserving OA treatment that may postpone TKA and with that possibly prevent a revision. In the past years, multiple studies have investigated this surgical treatment.The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate short- and long-term clinical benefit and tissue structure changes after KJD treatment for knee OA. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched for eligible clinical studies evaluating a change in at least one of: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Visual Analogue Score of pain (VAS-pain), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), EuroQol-5D (EQ5D), radiographic joint space width (JSW) or MRI cartilage thickness after KJD. The primary clinical and structural outcome parameters were the WOMAC and minimum JSW, respectively. Random effects models were applied on all outcome parameters and outcomes were compared with control groups found in the included studies. For continuous data the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated and for dichotomous data the risk difference and 95%CI, following the Cochrane handbook. Results: In total 11 articles reporting on 7 different KJD cohorts with in total 127 patients and 5 control groups at multiple follow-up moments were included, with 2 of the studies being randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The WOMAC (figure 1) was compared to pre-treatment in 3 cohorts after 1 year (patients n=62) and 2 years (n=59) and in 1 cohort after 5 years (n=20) and 9 years (n=8), showing a significant increase at all time points (all p<0.001). The VAS-pain showed similar results at the same 4 time points, as did the KOOS and EQ5D, which were evaluated only after 1 (n=42) and 2 (n=39) years. The minimum (figure 2) and mean JSW are reported in 3 cohorts after 1 (n=59) and 2 (n=59) years and in 1 cohort after 5 (n=20) and 7 (n=8) years. Both JSW measures were statistically significantly increased after 1 and 2 years, but after 5 and 7 years the JSW increase was no longer statistically significant. Similarly, the MRI cartilage thickness showed an increase at 1 and 2 years, but not at 5 years (all n=20). Complications were reported in 5 studies with 87 patients, with 57 patients developing one or more pin tract skin infections, giving a risk of pin tract infections of 63% (95%CI 45-81), the majority of which could be treated with oral antibiotics. Only a small amount of other complications occurred and were all treated successfully. Overall, clinical and structural outcomes were comparable with control groups, including high tibial osteotomy and TKA as compared after 1 and 2 years in the two RCTs. Apart from pin tract infections, complications were not different in severity and number between control groups and KJD. Conclusions: KJD causes clear benefit in clinical and structural parameters over time, both short- and long-term. Although the total number of patients is still limited, the effect sizes are large. Longer follow-up with more patients is necessary and could improve patient selection for this intensive treatment, while preventing pin tract infections could lighten the patients’ treatment burden. Irrespectively, KJD provides for an additional option in joint-preserving treatments for OA and a viable alternative to joint replacement, especially in younger patients.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)

Feasible Evaluation of PQ Bypass Results with Duplex Ultrasound

Abstract Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have substantially impaired health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Chronic lower limb ischaemia due to the atherosclerotic occlusion of infra-inguinal arteries is one of the most important causes of invalidity among smokers over the age of fifty. Historically, these lesions were treated by open bypass surgery. Less invasive endovascular revascularisation methods are available to treat short lesions, while treatment of long lesions are lacking. Fully endovascular trans-venous femoro-popliteal bypass (PQ Bypass, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) to treat long femoral lesions has been developed recently. The objective of the study was to evaluate duplex ultrasound (DUS) as a tool to follow up patients after PQ bypass procedure. A prospective clinical study was conducted at one clinical site. DUS of treated arteries and femoral vein was performed before the procedure, 30 days, 6 months, and 12 months in follow-up period by 2 independent radiologists. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) evaluation was performed at all visits. Thirty-five patients (35 limbs) treated with PQ bypass were enrolled in the study. Median age was 63.6 years (ranged 50 to 87 years). There was 100% successful evaluation of all patients at all clinical visits available. Deviation of the DUS results was found within the accepted standard limit between two radiologists. Twelve months after the PQ procedure, 28 (80.0%) PQ stent-grafts were still functioning without DUS signs of stenosis, while seven (20.0%) limbs experienced varying degrees of stent malfunction. PQ stent-graft occlusion was detected in five (14.3%) – 1 (2.9%) patients at one-month follow-up, 3 (8.6%) at six months and 1 (2.9%) at twelve months follow-up period, respectively. PQ stent-graft proximal junction stenosis was detected in one patient (2.9%) at six months and distal junction stenosis in one patient (2.9%) at twelve months follow-up, respectively. Despite of graft occlusion found with DUS, two patients had no severe worsening of post-operative ABI. DUS is a reliable method to evaluate patients after PQ bypass procedure and has higher sensitivity than ABI to follow-up patients after PQ procedure, especially in asymptomatic stent stenosis. Regular and timely use of DUS during the postoperative period may help to recognise potential complications and provide effective treatment..

Dictamen de invalidez por complicaciones de diabetes mellitus tipo 2

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objetivo: &lt;/strong&gt;analizar las características de expedientes con dictamen de invalidez por complicaciones de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (dm2) en la delegación Michoacán del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (imss). &lt;strong&gt;Métodos:&lt;/strong&gt; estudio transversal, se realizó un muestreo no aleatorio por conveniencia, se analizaron 98 expedientes de la Coordinación de Salud en el Trabajo con dictamen de invalidez por complicaciones asociadas a dm2 en unidades de medicina familiar. Se estudiaron complicaciones de dm2, dictamen, control metabólico y manejo multidisciplinario. &lt;strong&gt;Resultados:&lt;/strong&gt; se emitieron 61 dictámenes por invalidez definitiva (62.24%) y 37 por invalidez temporal (37.76%); 10 correspondieron a mujeres (10.2%) y 88, a hombres (89.8%). Las causas de invalidez fueron: retinopatía 44 (41.9%), nefropatía 21 (21.4%) y alteraciones circulatorias 15 (15.3%). Las variables paraclínicas reportadas fueron: glucosa 186.25 ±26.99, no se solicitó HbA1c en 91 pacientes (92.9%); hubo ajuste de tratamiento en 72 (73.5%) y no tuvieron derivación a otros servicios o especialidades 64 (65.30%). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusiones: &lt;/strong&gt;las principales causas de invalidez fueron retinopatía y nefropatía. Se requiere dar un seguimiento integral a los pacientes con dm2 a fin de evitar complicaciones que impacten de manera negativa en su salud.&lt;/p&gt;

Combined endovascular and surgical treatment of symptomatic tandem occlusion of common carotid artery and middle cerebral artery – case report

Introduction: Cerebrovascular events are among the most common causes of invalidity or death. The aim of treatment in acute cerebral ischemia is to restore the blood flow before irreversible necrosis of brain tissue and persistent neurologic deficit occur. Pharmacological, endovascular and surgical methods are employed in the treatment of these patients. Case report: The authors present a case report of a 56-year-old woman with acute cerebral ischemia caused by tandem occlusion of the left com- mon carotid artery and the M1 segment of middle cerebral artery. In the initial phase the patient was treated by intravenous thrombolysis with minimal success. Common carotid artery was occluded and mechanical extraction of embolus was successfully performed through direct carotid bifurcation puncture. Almost complete regression of neurologic deficit occurred after the endovascular recanalization. Occluded common carotid stump and bifurcation was considered as a source of embolization and therefore, to prevent further cerebrovascular event, a subclavian-carotid bypass was performed on the 15th day after the stroke. Conclusion: In the reported patient with symptomatic tandem occlusion of common carotid artery and the M1 part of middle cerebral artery, recanalization of cerebral artery was attained by the combination of pharmacological and endovascular method. Consequent subclavian-to-carotid bypass was performed in tertiary prevention of further cerebrovascular event.

Temporary work inability and invalidity regarding the most frequent impairments of the motoric system – Economic impact on the Czech Republic

IntroductionThis paper deals with the invalidity of the first, second and third stage in the motoric system, which is one of the most frequent causes of invalidity. The impairments are dorsalgia, polyarthralgia, coxarthritis or gonarthritis. The goal of this study is to show the economic costs which the Czech Social Security Administration spends on the impairments of the motoric system during temporary work inability and the new invalidity pension system regarding these impairments. It is necessary to say that it provides a long-term pay-out of health insurance during temporary work inability. Materials and methodsEvaluation was based on the data provided by the Czech Social Security Administration. The sample group included people who applied for invalidity pension in 2016. They were in the first and the second stage of the motoric system impairment. The quantitative research used the content analysis of texts to evaluate the data. ResultsWe learned that the number of people who apply for invalidity pension increases every year, as well as the amount of money that is paid out. ConclusionWe can say that motoric system impairments are the most frequent causes of temporary work inability. They are also the most frequent invalidity. Annually, these impairments cause work inability to more than 50 thousand people and invalidity pension is paid out to nearly 24 thousand policyholders. This alarming fact significantly influences the economic costs of the Czech Republic.

Standardization of Czech version of beck depression inventory (BDI II)

IntroductionDepression is now the fourth most common cause of invalidity. World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that by 2020 it will be the second most common cause (WHO, 2001). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II) is highly reliable tool for measuring the intensity of depression.MethodsThe aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Czech version of BDI II. This was done on a representative sample of working population.ResultsResults from 1027 participants were obtained. The sample was equally distributed among males and females. T-test showed that on average women suffered from higher depressive symptoms than males. Cronbach alpha showed high items consistency of 0,92 and confirmatory factor analysis found, as predicted, 3 factors: cognitive, somatic and affective.ConclusionCronbach alpha and factor analysis showed high internal consistency and reliability of Czech version of BDI II. Czech version of BDI II is thus not only a translation but can be considered a psychometric tool that is comparable with the original version. The results of this study are therefore comparable with other available results.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

La indefensión y la inmotivación como causa de nulidad del laudo arbitral en el derecho venezolano

Se reflexiona sobre la indefensión como causa de nulidad del laudo arbitral en el derecho venezolano y en otros ordenamientos jurídicos. También se analiza la “inmotivación” como causa de nulidad del laudo arbitral, pues si bien la ley venezolana parece matizar dicho requisito con la intervención de la voluntad de las partes, se concluye que la motivación del laudo arbitral es de orden público incluso en decisiones de equidad como manifestación del debido proceso, del derecho a la defensa y en aras de la paz social.

The role of hemodynamic parameters in chronic heart failure diagnosis in children

Despite the achievements in this field in recent years, concerning the chronic myocardial dysfunctions, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment management, the chronic heart failure continues to hold preeminence in the structure of cardiovascular complications and remains now one of the leading causes of invalidity of young contingent and infant mortality, presenting one of the most pressing public health problems. This requires looking for new methods of noninvasive early diagnosis with application of modern laboratory and investigational tests facilitating the identification in preclinical stages of chronic myocardial dysfunctions (CMD) by assessment of new biomarkers of myocardial injury. Objectives of the study. Hemodynamic parameters changes estimation in the evolution of chronic heart failure in children. Material and methods. The study included 233 patients with chronic heart failure, of which 78 were children and adolescents aged 10-17 years with CMD secondary to arterial hypertension. The diagnosis of arterial hypertension was established according to the ESA (European Society of Cardiology, 2009) recommendations, but the assessment of clinical manifestations of chronic heart failure was evaluated according to NYHA (New York Heart Association classification). The estimation of hemodynamic parameters was performed using echocardiography method using “Ultramark-8” (US device A) under Mand Doppler. Obtained results. In patients with arterial hypertension the types of concentric hypertrophy of left ventricular myocardial index mass (IMMVS) -59.2±14.2 and relative LV wall thickness (GRPVS) -0.46±0.22 cm were assessed. It is important to note that the study assessed the type of eccentric hypertrophy with IMMVS 66.4±7.6 and 0.44±0.25 cm GRPVS. Concentric geometric remodeling variant noted IMMVS average value of 48.4±4.2 and GRPVS- 0.44±0.21 cm. Identification of LV hypertrophy, increased GRPVS, IMMVS increase, the MMV based on echocardiographic examination of the heart reveals the geometric performance called “pathological remodeling” which actually confirms the occurrence of chronic myocardial dysfunction in patients with CHF secondary hypertension. Conclusions. Early identification of changes of cardiac performance parameters (MMV, IMMVS, GRPVS, HVS) under the conditions of the persistent tensional over estimation, reveals the early development of types of early myocardial pathological left ventricular remodeling and facilitates the options and diagnostic criteria of the heart remodeling in children with CMD secondary arterial hypertension in order to choose a selected pathogenetic treatment.

Neuropsychologists’ Validity Testing Beliefs and Practices: A Survey of North American Professionals

Objective: The current study investigated changes in neuropsychologists’ validity testing beliefs and practices since publication of the last North American survey targeting these issues in 2007 and explored emerging issues in validity testing that had not been previously addressed in the professional survey literature. Methods: Licensed North American neuropsychologists (n = 316), who primarily evaluate adults, were surveyed in regard to the following topics: (1) comparison of objective validity testing, qualitative data, and clinical judgment; (2) approaches to validity test administration; (3) formal communication in cases of suspected malingering; (4) reporting of validity test results; (5) suspected causes of invalidity; (6) integration of stand-alone, embedded, and symptom-report validity measures; (7) multiple performance validity test interpretation; (8) research practices; and (9) popularity of specific validity instruments. Results: Overall, findings from the current survey indicated that all but a small minority of respondents routinely utilize validity testing in their examinations. Furthermore, nearly all neuropsychologists surveyed believed formal validity testing to be mandatory in forensic evaluations and at least desirable in clinical evaluations. While results indicated general agreement among neuropsychologists across many aspects of validity testing, responses regarding some facets of validity test implementation, interpretation, and reporting were more variable. Validity testing utilization generally did not differ according to level of forensic involvement but did vary in respect to respondent literature consumption. Conclusions: Study findings differ significantly from past professional surveys and indicate an increased utilization of validity testing, suggesting a pronounced paradigm shift in neuropsychology validity testing beliefs and practices.

Up-to-date review reporting the technological details of devices used in the management of neurogenic bladder in post spinal cord injury patients

In the past years, a major cause of invalidity and death in post spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with neurogenic bladder (NB) was the renal failure. Since our ability to manage the dysfunction of NB has improved, the morbidity/mortality in these individuals significantly decreased. The aims in NB management are to protect the upper and lower urinary tract and to improve the quality of life (QoL) of these individuals. The insertion and removal of the catheter many times a day, to empty the bladder is called intermittent catheterization and it is considered the „gold standard“ in the NB management. Nowadays, there are available many types of catheters, materials and techniques: non-coated catheters, gel-coated catheters, hydrophilic catheters, glycerine based catheters. The choice of a catheter should be made on an individual analyse, according to gender, age, level of injury, functional status, urethral sensibility, or the circumstances the IC is needed (so, a patient may need a type of catheter at home and another one outside).

Rates and Predictors of Invalid Baseline Test Performance in High School and Collegiate Athletes for 3 Computerized Neurocognitive Tests

Background: Preseason baseline testing using computerized neurocognitive tests (CNTs) is increasingly performed on athletes. Adequate effort is critical to establish valid estimates of ability, but many users do not evaluate performance validity, and the conditions that affect validity are not well understood across the available CNTs. Purpose: To examine the rates and predictors of invalid baseline performance for 3 popular CNTs: Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), Axon Sports, and Immediate Post-Concussion and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: High school and collegiate athletes (N = 2063) completed 2 of 3 CNTs each during preseason evaluations. All possible pairings were present across the sample, and the order of administration was randomized. Examiners provided 1-on-1, scripted pretest instructions, emphasizing the importance of good effort. Profile validity was determined by the manufacturers’ standard criteria. Results: The overall percentage of tests flagged as of questionable validity was lowest for ImPACT (2.7%) and higher for ANAM and Axon (10.7% and 11.3%, respectively). The majority of invalid baseline profiles were flagged as such because of failure on only 1 validity criterion. Several athlete and testing factors (eg, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], estimated general intellectual ability, administration order) predicted validity status for 1 or more CNTs. Considering only first CNT administrations and participants without ADHD and/or a learning disability (n = 1835) brought the rates of invalid baseline performances to 2.1%, 8.8%, and 7.0% for ImPACT, ANAM, and Axon, respectively. Invalid profiles on the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) were rare (1.8% of participants) and demonstrated poor correspondence to CNT validity outcomes. Conclusion: The validity criteria for these CNTs may not identify the same causes of invalidity or be equally sensitive to effort. The validity indicators may not be equally appropriate for some athletes (eg, those with neurodevelopmental disorders). Clinical Relevance: The data suggest that athletes do not put forth widespread low effort or that some validity criteria are more sensitive to invalid performance than others. It is important for examiners to be aware of the conditions that maximize the quality of baseline assessments and to understand what sources of invalid performance are captured by the validity criteria that they obtain.

MODERN METHODS OF INDENTIFYING THE PREDICTORS OF CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASES IN CHILDREN AT EARLY STAGES

научный биометрический журнал, который знакомит читателя с клиническими рекомендациями и особенностями применения лекарственных и вакцинных средств у детей, предоставляет исчерпывающую информацию о воздействии лекарственных средств на плод, о проводимых в

Prawo naturalne a wady zgody małżeńskiej

The article consists of three parts in which the following topics are presented: 1) natural law, 2) invalidity of matrimonial consent, and 3) „and”.In the first part the author focuses on the state of the present study on natural law in the Church and in the Catholic academic centers. The impulse for the research came from John Paul II’s speech, from 6th Feb. 2004, to participants of the session of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.Next part includes the classification of the causes of invalidity of matrimonial consent. The special attention was paid to the discussion about the origin of canons: 1098 and 1103 CIC 1983.At the end of the article, the author analyzes the relation, contained in the title of the article that obtains between natural law and invalidity of matrimonial consent. The deliberation took into consideration some circumstances in which matrimonial consent is expressed such as: respect for nature law, ethical order, and legal protection of act of will.