Cause Of Insertion Research Articles

Urethral Sounding: Experience from Two Tertiary Care Centres in Northern India

Introduction: Foreign bodies have been removed from urethra and bladder of young females since time immemorial. Various explanations have been offered by the patients but the variety, multiplicity and large sizes indicate masturbation as the major cause. Aim: To study the characteristics and find out the actual motive of urethral sounding at two tertiary care centres in Uttar Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between January 2021 to December 2021 analysing the records of all patients who presented to urology emergency of King George’s Medical University, Lucknow and Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah between June 2006 and June 2020 with foreign bodies in the urethra or urinary bladder. Data regarding the age, marital status of patient, type of foreign body and its location in the lower urinary tract, presence of any psychiatric illness, method of removal of the foreign body and possible cause of insertion of the foreign body from the records were collected. Data was segregated, coded and recorded in the Microsoft® Excel spreadsheet. Descriptive data were presented as percentages and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 by IBM USA. Results: A total of 21 patients presented to the urology emergency with foreign body in the lower urinary tract between June 2006 and June 2020. None of the patients had any known psychiatric illness and all of them were adult males with age ranging from 18 to 45 years. Eight patients were managed by removal of foreign body with the help of artery forceps while 12 patients underwent cystoscopic removal of foreign body. One patient who had knotted electric wire in urinary bladder required laser fragmentation. Thirteen of the patients confessed to urethral masturbation while the rest offered vague explanations like accidental insertion or simply inquisitiveness. Conclusion: The results of this retrospective study indicate that urethral masturbation using foreign body exists in the healthy adult males. It generally does not come into notice until the patient ends up with impaction of the foreign body. More studies need to be done to see whether this could be a possible cause of urethral stricture in patients with inadequate history.

Unexpected radiopaque foreign bodies encountered in dental practice.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the presence of radiopaque foreign bodies on oral and maxillofacial radiographs and classify them. The Study Comment section of the Picture Archiving and Communication System of Chonnam National University Dental Hospital was searched using 30 key words to identify images with radiopaque foreign bodies recorded between November 2008 and March 2017. A total of 503 cases of radiopaque foreign bodies were selected from among the recovered images. The radiopaque foreign bodies were sorted into 19 types, which were subsequently divided into two categories according to whether the foreign bodies were inserted intentionally or unintentionally. The two categories were subdivided into five groups based on the cause of insertion: Treatment, Esthetics, Cultural, Iatrogenesis, and Accident. In this study, the proportions of foreign bodies inserted intentionally (48%) and unintentionally (52%) were similar. When the foreign bodies were grouped based on the cause of insertion, the following frequencies were observed: Treatment, 41%; Esthetics, 7%; Cultural, <1%; Iatrogenesis, 51%; and Accident, 1%. For adequate case management and to avoid unnecessary embarrassment and misinterpretation of unexpected radiopacities, clinicians should be familiar with the various types of foreign bodies and should ensure that detailed patient medical/dental history is obtained.