Cause Of Withdrawal Research Articles

No QTc prolongation with CDK 4/6 inhibitor FCN-437c: results of a concentration-QTc analysis from a dedicated study in adult healthy subjects.

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06290466?term=NCT06290466&rank=1, identifier [NCT06290466].

Musculoeskeletal injuries and illnesses in the Spanish and French trail running teams during the WMTRC 2023

IntroductionAs a result of the recent professionalization of trail running, the epidemiology of injury and illness of professional athletes is still unknown. The aim of the study is to describe the epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries and illnesses among professional trail runners of two national teams participating at the World Mountain and Trail Running Championships 2023. Material and MethodsThe study included 77 professional trail running athletes from Spanish and French National Teams that competed in the Championships. Data of injuries and illnesses were recorded in “Daily Medical Report on Injuries and Illnesses” form, designed according to the recommendations of the International Olympic Committee consensus statement. ResultsThirty-eight percent of the athletes had an injury or illness; of them 22 % suffered an injury and 16 % an illness. Regarding sport performance, 24 % of the athletes suffered an injury and illness that affect their sport performance and 12 % had to withdraw due to a major injury or illness. By anatomical location foot is the most affected and hyperthermia and dehydration are the most frequent aetiology of illness. ConclusionsMore than one third of professional trail running athletes suffered an injury or illness during the World Championship and around one in ten were unable to finish the competition due to a major injury or illness. The principal cause of withdrawal is dehydration, followed by overuse injuries and acute traumas.

Machine learning and deep learning approaches for enhanced prediction of hERG blockade: a comprehensive QSAR modeling study

ABSTRACT Background Cardiotoxicity is a major cause of drug withdrawal. The hERG channel, regulating ion flow, is pivotal for heart and nervous system function. Its blockade is a concern in drug development. Predicting hERG blockade is essential for identifying cardiac safety issues. Various QSAR models exist, but their performance varies. Ongoing improvements show promise, necessitating continued efforts to enhance accuracy using emerging deep learning algorithms in predicting potential hERG blockade. Study design and method Using a large training dataset, six individual QSAR models were developed. Additionally, three ensemble models were constructed. All models were evaluated using 10-fold cross-validations and two external datasets. Results The 10-fold cross-validations resulted in Mathews correlation coefficient (MCC) values from 0.682 to 0.730, surpassing the best-reported model on the same dataset (0.689). External validations yielded MCC values from 0.520 to 0.715 for the first dataset, exceeding those of previously reported models (0–0.599). For the second dataset, MCC values fell between 0.025 and 0.215, aligning with those of reported models (0.112–0.220). Conclusions The developed models can assist the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies in predicting hERG blockage activity, thereby enhancing safety assessments and reducing the risk of adverse cardiac events associated with new drug candidates.

Advances in cardiac organoid technology: current trends and standardized quality assessment for toxicity testing in preclinical models

Cardiotoxicity is a prominent cause of drug withdrawal, impacting drug development during preclinical and clinical phases, as well as post-market approval. Traditional 2-dimensional cell culture models, despite being resource-rich, suffer from a suboptimal physiological environment. Animal models provide an in vivo setting; however, their use is declining due to interspecies variability and ethical concerns. Cardiac organoids, which are derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, incorporate human genetic information and contain various cell types within a 3-dimensional environment that mimics the human heart. As a result, they are becoming increasingly popular in the development of preclinical models for drug testing. To effectively use cardiac organoids as preclinical models, a standardized quality assessment is crucial. This review discusses current trends in cardiac organoid generation and examines recent analytical techniques for quality assessment.

Analysis Of Factors Related To The Cause Of Drug Withdrawal In Patients With Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus At Tk Ii Putri Hijau Kesdam 1/Bb Medan Hospital In 2020

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that cannot be cured and can only be controlled by taking medication regularly. Diabetes must be treated quickly and appropriately to get a cure. Taking drugs continuously can cause a person to start to feel bored to take drugs, causing a person to stop taking drugs. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the causes of drug withdrawal of patients with type II diabetes mellitus in the outpatient installation of Putri Hijau Medan Hospital. This research is descriptive using qualitative methods. The research was conducted at TK II PUTRI HIJAU Hospital KESDAM 1 / BB Medan for three months from March to May 2021. This study took samples in a presumptive way, namely by using the Non Random Sampling Technique with the accidental sampling technique method by collecting data through observation and interviews then the data was processed in thematic form. The results of the interview research obtained were 3 out of 5 respondents experienced drug withdrawal which was predominantly male (40%). the age of the late elderly (56-65 years) as much as (40%). The majority of occupations are self-employed (60%). And have suffered from diabetes from 6-10 years (60%). The fact of drug discontinuation is due to advanced age, occupation, and compliance with taking medication. The gender factor is very influential in the occurrence of diseases, especially DM, the female sex is more susceptible to Diabetes Mellitus because women have premenstrual syndrome after menapouse, but the results of the research obtained are predominantly male. Meanwhile, 2 female-dominant respondents did not drop out of medication but were less compliant in taking medication.

Human liver organoid models for assessment of drug toxicity at the preclinical stage.

The hepatotoxicity of drugs is one of the leading causes of drug withdrawal from the pharmaceutical market and high drug attrition rates. Currently, the commonly used hepatocyte models include conventional hepatic cell lines and animal models, which cannot mimic human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to poorly defined dose-response relationships and/or lack of human-specific mechanisms of toxicity. In comparison to 2D culture systems from different cell sources such as primary human hepatocytes and hepatomas,, 3D organoids derived from an inducible pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) or adult stem cells are promising accurate models to mimic organ behavior with a higher level of complexity and functionality owing to their ability to self-renewal. Meanwhile, the heterogeneous cell composition of the organoids enables metabolic and functional zonation of hepatic lobule important in drug detoxification and has the ability to mimic idiosyncratic DILI as well. Organoids having higher drug-metabolizing enzyme capacities can culture long-term and be combined with microfluidic-based technologies such as organ-on-chips for a more precise representation of human susceptibility to drug response in a high-throughput manner. However, there are numerous limitations to be considered about this technology, such as enough maturation, differences between protocols and high cost. Herein, we first reviewed the current preclinical DILI assessment tools and looked at the organoid technology with respect to in vitro detoxification capacities. Then we discussed the clinically applicable DILI assessment markers and the importance of liver zonation in the next generation organoid-based DILI models.

Cathéters veineux centraux avec chambres implantables : complications à connaître: Central venous catheters with an implantable chamber complications

Implantable Chamber Catheters (ICC) are the preferred devices for prolonged treatment of cancers (chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition, analgesics, blood products, antibiotics, antifungal and antiviral treatments). Their insertion is standardized, and ultrasound guidance is essential to limit thrombosis. Their handling requires experienced staff. Complications can be mechanical (linked to the implantable chamber or catheter), cutaneous, infectious, obstructive or thrombotic. The most serious complication is cutaneous necrosis (product extravasation). Infection is the most common cause of withdrawal, and probabilistic antibiotic therapy must be introduced and then adapted. Thrombosis is the most frequent complication. The ICC is left in place if functional, useful and noninfected. Curative anticoagulant treatment is recommended for at least 3 months, as long as the ICC is in place. Drug prophylaxis of ICC thrombosis is not recommended. Preventing complications of ICC is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve the patient’s quality of life.1877-1203/© 2023 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Effects of High-Speed Training on Messenger RNA Expression in Two-Year-Old Thoroughbred Racehorses.

Accumulating high-speed exercise has been identified as a significant risk factor for catastrophic injuries in racing Thoroughbreds. Injuries, regardless of severity, are a main cause of withdrawal from the racing industry, raising animal welfare concerns and resulting in significant economic losses. While most of the current literature focuses on injuries incurred during racing rather than training, the present study aims to help fill this gap. As such, peripheral blood was collected weekly, prior to exercise or administration of medication, from eighteen, two-year-old Thoroughbreds throughout their first season of race training. Messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated and used to analyze the expression of 34 genes via RT-qPCR. Statistical analysis of the noninjured horses (n=6) showed that 13 genes were significantly correlated with increasing average weekly high-speed furlong performance. Additionally, there was a negative correlation for CXCL1, IGFBP3, and MPO with both cumulative high-speed furlongs and week of training for all horses. Comparison of both groups showed opposing correlations between the anti-inflammatory index (IL1RN, IL-10, and PTGS1) and average weekly high-speed furlong performance. Furthermore, evaluation of training effects on mRNA expression during the weeks surrounding injury, showed differences between groups in IL-13 and MMP9 at -3 and -2 weeks prior to injury. While some previously reported relationships between exercise adaptation and mRNA expression were not noted in this study, this may have been due to the small sample size. Several novel correlations, however, were identified and warrant further investigation as markers of exercise adaptation or potential risk for injury.

876-P: Effectiveness and Tolerability of Intensification of Canagliflozin Dose from 100 mg to 300 mg Daily In Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Real Life—The INTENSIFY Study

There is a paucity of data evaluating the strategy of intensification of canagliflozin therapy by increasing the dose from canagliflozin 100 mg/d (CANA100) to canagliflozin 300 mg/d (CANA300), since all clinical trials compared both doses separately. The aim of this multicentric study was to assess in real life the effectiveness and tolerability of the intensification of canagliflozin to 300 mg/d in patients with T2DM and suboptimal metabolic control with CANA100. The primary outcome variables were changes in A1c and weight at the end of the follow-up. 317 patients met the inclusion criteria (age 62.2 years, A1c 7.55%, weight 88.6 kg). Median time of treatment with CANA300 was 20.8 months. Switching to CANA300 induced a significant decrease in A1c (-0.47%) and weight (-2.9 kg), both p<0.0001. The percentage of patients with A1c <7% increased significantly from 26.7% with CANA100 to 51.6% with CANA300 (p<0.0001). In those individuals with poor glycemic control (A1c >8%, mean 9.0%), A1c was significantly reduced by -1.24% (p<0.0001). There were significant improvements in FPG (-14.8 mg/dl), SBP (-5.3 mmHg) and DBP (-3,1 mmHg), all p<0.05. Serum liver enzymes and albuminuria also decreased significantly. Considering the entire treatment period (initial treatment with CANA100 and later switch to CANA300), with a median follow-up of 38.8 months, patients achieved a statistically significant overall reduction in A1c (-1.30%), weight (-5.8 kg), SBP (-9.6 mmHg) and DBP (-4.7 mmHg), all p<0.0001. 7.9% of patients discontinued CANA300; the most frequent causes of withdrawals were genital mycotic infections (1.9%) and urinary tract infections (0.9%). In summary, intensification of canagliflozin therapy to CANA300 achieved further significant and clinically relevant reductions in A1c, weight, and BP in patients with T2DM. The effectiveness of the switch was particularly relevant in those patients with higher A1c levels. Disclosure J.J. Gorgojo-Martinez: Advisory Panel; AstraZeneca, Bayer Inc., Novo Nordisk. Research Support; Eli Lilly and Company, Mundipharma, Novo Nordisk. Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Mundipharma, Novo Nordisk, Amarin Corporation. P.J. Ferreira-Ocampo: None. A. Galdon-Sanz Pastor: None. J.J. Cárdenas-Salas: Speaker's Bureau; Novo Nordisk, Mundipharma, Lilly, AstraZeneca. Other Relationship; Mylan, Amgen Inc., Almirall, S.A. T. Antón-Bravo: Speaker's Bureau; Abbott Nutrition, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company. Advisory Panel; Fresenius Kabi. Speaker's Bureau; Novo Nordisk, Daiichi Sankyo. Advisory Panel; Sanofi. Other Relationship; Mundipharma. M. Brito: Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Mundipharma, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. Advisory Panel; Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Almirall, S.A., Boehringer-Ingelheim, Esteve. Advisory Panel; Esteve, AstraZeneca. Research Support; Mundipharma. F. Almodovar-Ruiz: None. Funding Mundipharma International Limited

Manifestations of Various Diseases and Changes in The Body in Children Suffering from Drug Allergy

It is characterized by polymorphic rashes in the form of erythema, target-shaped papules, which can progress to vesicular and bullous lesions, on the site of which erosions form. Rashes are mainly localized on the hands, feet, upper and lower extremities. Mucosal involvement may occur. Erythema multiforme is a polyetiological disease mainly based on hypersensitivity reactions to drugs or infection, but in some cases associated with other pathological conditions, in particular with Kawasaki disease [68]. Treatment of patients is based on the withdrawal of causative drugs or the treatment of existing infectious diseases. In some cases, the course is recurrent, which is due to unresolved antigenic stimulation.

Manifestations of Various Diseases and Changes in the Body in Children Suffering from Drug Allergy

It is characterized by polymorphic rashes in the form of erythema, target-shaped papules, which can progress to vesicular and bullous lesions, on the site of which erosions form. Rashes are mainly localized on the hands, feet, upper and lower extremities. Mucosal involvement may occur. Erythema multiforme is a polyetiological disease mainly based on hypersensitivity reactions to drugs or infection, but in some cases associated with other pathological conditions, in particular with Kawasaki disease [68]. Treatment of patients is based on the withdrawal of causative drugs or the treatment of existing infectious diseases. In some cases, the course is recurrent, which is due to unresolved antigenic stimulation

Efficacy and Tolerance of Thalidomide in Patients With Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Few drugs have been studied for patients with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of thalidomide in children with VEOIBD compared with children with pediatric-onset IBD (pIBD). A retrospective cohort study with a control group was conducted. Propensity score 1:1 matching was used to identify control subjects. The treatment persistence; the causes of drug withdrawal; the rate of clinical remission and mucosal healing at 1, 2, and 3 years; and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated in children with VEOIBD treated with thalidomide and compared with children with pIBD. Thirty-nine courses of treatment with thalidomide in VEOIBD and pIBD patients were compared. The treatment persistence at 1, 2, and 3 years was 68.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.8%-80.6%), 57.0% (95% CI, 39.6%-71.1%), and 50.9% (95% CI, 33.7%-65.8%) for VEOIBD patients and 81.7% (95% CI, 65.3%-90.9%), 60.0% (95% CI, 41.7%-74.3%) and 33.0% (95% CI, 17.4%-49.5%) for pIBD patients, respectively (P = .12). A significantly higher proportion of VEOIBD patients discontinued therapy due to lack of efficacy (48.2% vs 17.2%; P = .03), while AEs were the main reason for discontinuation in pIBD patients. Clinical remission and mucosal healing rates did not significantly differ between VEOIBD and pIBD patients. A significatively lower number of VEOIBD patients experienced AEs compared with pIBD patients (14 [35.9%] vs 30 [76.9%]; P = .0005). Thalidomide is an effective and tolerated treatment in children with VEOIBD. Discontinuation due to lack of efficacy is more frequent, but AEs are less common than in children with pIBD.

Retention Rate and Safety of Biologic and Targeted Synthetic DMARDs in Patients with RA-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A KOBIO Registry Study

This study aimed to evaluate the long-term retention and safety of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) and identify the factors associated with drug withdrawal in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with interstitial lung disease (ILD) enrolled in the Korean College of Rheumatology Biologics and Targeted Therapy registry. We investigated adults with RA (n=2266) administered with bDMARDs or tsDMARDs between 2012 and 2021. Propensity score matching (1:3) was performed between patients with RA with ILD(RA-ILD) and without ILD (RA-no ILD). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyse drug survival and a logistic regression model to identify withdrawal-related factors in RA-ILD. One hundred and fifty-nine patients with RA-ILD were matched with 477 patients with RA-no ILD. The 5-year drug retention rate was lower in RA-ILD than in RA-no ILD (log-rank p=0.020), and both the ILD and no-ILD groups had statistical differences of drug retention rate among agents (log-rank p=0.019 and 0.020, respectively). In the RA-ILD group, Janus kinase inhibitors had the highest drug retention rate (64.3%), and tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors showed the lowest retention rate (30.6%). Approximately 58.5% and 48.4% of the patients with RA-ILD and RA-no ILD, respectively, withdrew from their regimen, and the main cause of withdrawal in RA-ILD was adverse events, followed by inefficacy. In the logistic regression analysis, current smoking had a negative effect on drug retention (odds ratio [OR]: 9.938, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.550-38.733; p<0.001), while concomitant corticosteroid use had a protective effect against withdrawal (OR: 0.284, 95% CI: 0.008-0.917; p=0.035) in RA-ILD. The patients with RA-ILD had lower bDMARD and tsDMARD retention rates than those with RA-no ILD. In the RA-ILD group, current smoking and concomitant corticosteroid use were associated factors affecting drug withdrawal.

A case report on drug rash with Eosinophiilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome

Background: DRESS syndrome is a distinctive, severe, and atypical drug reaction includes drug rash with eosinophilia and organ dysfunction symptoms, as well as hematological abnormalities. This disease is diagnosed using the Regis CAR (European Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction) scoring system. Case presentation: A 25-year-old lady presented with complaints of skin lesion over whole body since 3 days along with multiple clear fluid filled blisters over face and chin and lesions in oral cavity, multiple ill-defined areas of erythema with multiple bullae over face and chin. She also had complained about was also having cough, breathlessness and chest pain. Conclusion: DRESS syndrome is a severe hypersensitivity reaction caused by a reaction from drug, which in this case is found to be allopurinol. The treatment for the same is firstly the withdrawal of causative drug and using corticosteroids,in this patient dexamethasone was used.

Reasons for Preoperative Patient Attrition among Bariatric Surgery Candidates: Patients' Point of View.

Obesity has become a global health concern, associated with decreased quality of life and life expectancy. Although bariatric surgery has many benefits (e.g., substantial and durable weight loss, amelioration of comorbidities, and improvement in functionality), its patient attrition rate is relatively high. Therefore, we aim to assess the causes of withdrawal from our program. We interviewed patients who dropped out of our bariatric surgery program between January 2016 and December 2021. A total of 1999 patients were eligible for bariatric surgery during this period, and 255 patients withdrew from the program. We interviewed patients over the phone to find out the reason for withdrawal. We divided participants into two groups: dropouts before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several options explaining the reason for leaving the program were presented to the patients to choose from. The number of patients who withdrew from the program before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was 135 (8.9%) and 120 (25.2%), respectively. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, most patients (49.1%) stated that the long waiting time was the cause of withdrawal. Even though during the COVID-19 pandemic, the main causes of attrition were the fear of contracting the disease and COVID-19 infection; the most common reason unrelated to COVID-19 was still the long preoperative preparation. Long waiting time was the most common cause of patient attrition before bariatric surgery. To reduce the attrition rate, more studies should be conducted to find an optimized waiting time before bariatric surgery.

Doświadczenie kryzysu związanego z odejściem kobiet z życia zakonnego

The aim of the article is to describe the situation of sisters leaving the religious order and the crises they experience as a result. The first part presents the theoretical background of the research subject: information about the scale of the phenomenon, the issue of discernment a vocation and the main causes of withdrawals, and also the concept of the crisis and its types. The empirical part presents the results of research conducted among former nuns. It lists various difficulties they face and describes the various dimensions of the crises experienced by them: economical, housing, existential and emotional, as well as interpersonal and religious.

Biological treatment interruption in inflammatory bowel disease: Motivation and predictive factors

BackgroundLoss-of-response and adverse events (AE) to biologics have been linked to HLA-DQA1*05 allele. However, the clinical factors or biologic used may influence treatment duration. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of clinical and therapeutic factors, along with HLA, in biological treatment discontinuation. MethodsA retrospective study of consecutive IBD patients treated with biologics between 2007 and 2011 was performed. Main outcome was treatment discontinuation due to primary non-response (PNR), secondary loss of response (SLR) or AE. HLA-DQA1 genotyping was done in all patients. Regression analyses were used to assess risk factors of treatment discontinuation. ResultsOne hundred fifty patients (61% male) with 312 biologic treatments were included. 147 (47%) were discontinued with a cumulative probability of 30%, 41% and 56% at 1, 2 and 5 years. The use of infliximab (p=0.006) and articular manifestations (p<0.05) were associated with treatment discontinuation. Considering cause of withdrawal, Ulcerative Colitis (UC) had a higher proportion of PNR (HR=4.99; 95% CI=1.71–14.63; p=0.003), SLR was higher if biologics had been indicated due to disease flare (HR=2.32; 95% CI=1.05–5.09; p=0.037) while AE were greater with infliximab (HR=2.46; 95% CI=1.48–4.08; p<0.001) or spondylitis (HR=2.46; 95% CI=1.78–6.89; p<0.001). According to the biological drug, HLA-DQA1*05 with adalimumab showed more SLR in cases with Crohn's disease (HR=3.49; 95% CI=1.39–8,78; p=0.008) or without concomitant immunomodulator (HR=2.8; 95% CI=1.1–6.93; p=0.026). ConclusionsHLA-DQ A1*05 was relevant in SLR of IBD patients treated with adalimumab without immunosupression. In patients treated with other biologics, clinical factors were more important for treatment interruption, mainly extensive UC or extraintestinal manifestations and having indicated the biologic for flare.

Identification of Drug-Induced Liver Injury Biomarkers from Multiple Microarrays Based on Machine Learning and Bioinformatics Analysis.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the most common adverse effect of numerous drugs and a leading cause of drug withdrawal from the market. In recent years, the incidence of DILI has increased. However, diagnosing DILI remains challenging because of the lack of specific biomarkers. Hence, we used machine learning (ML) to mine multiple microarrays and identify useful genes that could contribute to diagnosing DILI. In this prospective study, we screened six eligible microarrays from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. First, 21 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the training set. Subsequently, a functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs was performed. We then used six ML algorithms to identify potentially useful genes. Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC), four genes, DDIT3, GADD45A, SLC3A2, and RBM24, were identified. The average values of the area under the curve (AUC) for these four genes were higher than 0.8 in both the training and testing sets. In addition, the results of immune cell correlation analysis showed that these four genes were highly significantly correlated with multiple immune cells. Our study revealed that DDIT3, GADD45A, SLC3A2, and RBM24 could be biomarkers contributing to the identification of patients with DILI.

Predictors of Anxiety Before and After Diagnostic Procedures in Women with Abnormal Papanicolaou Smear in Cervical Cancer Screening Program

Anxiety is one of the most common causes of withdrawal from follow-up among women with abnormal Papanicolaou screening results. The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors of anxiety in women with abnormal Papanicolaou smear in cervical cancer screening program. A population-based, cross-sectional study concerning the factors related to anxiety was carried out during 2017 in a cohort of women (N = 172) with positive Papanicolaou screening test before and after diagnostic procedures (colposcopy/biopsy/endocervical curettage) at one university Clinical Center in Serbia. Women completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and scale concerning anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, subscale HADS-Anxiety) immediately before and 2-4 weeks after the diagnostic procedures. Multivariate logistic regression was applied in the data analysis. In our study, 35.2% (n = 52) of women had abnormal anxiety scores before the diagnostic procedures and 40.1% (n = 69) after the diagnostic procedures. Predictors of anxiety before diagnostic procedures were family history of noncervical gynecological cancers, higher level of worry and high burden of depressive symptoms. Significant independent predictors of anxiety after diagnostic procedures in women were rural residence, tension and discomfort during medical procedures, and less satisfaction with information/support. Although there was no significant difference in the prevalence of anxiety before and after diagnostic procedures in women with abnormal Papanicolaou screening results, results of this research will enable doctors to successfully make decisions concerning timely psychological support for women with positive screening test for cervical cancer that is necessary to decrease anxiety in our population.

Propolis Mitigates Rifampicin/Isoniazid-induced Lipid-redox and Metabolic Profile in an Experimental Animal Model of Oxidative Stress

Objective: Adverse drug reactions are the most common cause of drug withdrawal in chronic treatment settings. Tuberculosis (TB) has been considered a recurrent and relapsing disease that needs long-term therapy. Most patients suffer from the adverse effects of TB therapy. Hence, various remedies were used to tackle these adverse effects including antioxidant vitamins, herbal remedies, and others. Aims: The present intervention study aims to investigate the role of propolis in protecting the animal model against oxidant/antioxidant induced by TB therapy together with the propolis role in modulation of metabolic profile as part of lipid peroxidation context. Methods: Serum was collected from rats exposed to rifampicin/isoniazid with or without propolis therapy alongside the control placebo group for comparison. Results: The results have shown a significant (p&lt;0.05) reduction of malondialdehyde and significant (p&lt;0.05) elevation of total antioxidant status. Lipid profile positively improved indicated by significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglyceride, and elevated high-density lipoprotein. Conclusion: our study confirmed that propolis provides protection against redox and metabolic derangement induced by rifampicin/isoniazid medications which are in current TB therapy, therefore, we do advise the use of propolis as an adjunct therapy for patients on such medications.