Cathéters veineux centraux avec chambres implantables : complications à connaître: Central venous catheters with an implantable chamber complications

Abstract

Implantable Chamber Catheters (ICC) are the preferred devices for prolonged treatment of cancers (chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition, analgesics, blood products, antibiotics, antifungal and antiviral treatments). Their insertion is standardized, and ultrasound guidance is essential to limit thrombosis. Their handling requires experienced staff. Complications can be mechanical (linked to the implantable chamber or catheter), cutaneous, infectious, obstructive or thrombotic. The most serious complication is cutaneous necrosis (product extravasation). Infection is the most common cause of withdrawal, and probabilistic antibiotic therapy must be introduced and then adapted. Thrombosis is the most frequent complication. The ICC is left in place if functional, useful and noninfected. Curative anticoagulant treatment is recommended for at least 3 months, as long as the ICC is in place. Drug prophylaxis of ICC thrombosis is not recommended. Preventing complications of ICC is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve the patient’s quality of life.1877-1203/© 2023 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.