Causes Of Dropout Research Articles

Prospective study of variables associated with nonadherence to psychotherapy

Background: The identification of factors associated with nonadherence to psychotherapy would allow a better prevention of this problem.Aim: To investigate factors associated with nonadherence in psychotherapy, its possible effect on outcomes, and reasons for therapy dropout.Method: Prospective analytic observational study of patients who initiated psychotherapy (N = 144). Sociodemographic, general clinical, treatment-related, subjective, psychological, psychopathologic, and outcome variables were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months later. Objective nonadherence (dropout and irregularity), subjective nonadherence (poor patient engagement), and global nonadherence (combination of both) were analyzed.Results: Global nonadherence was 66%. Global nonadherence was associated with substance use or abuse (OR = 2.64) and younger age (OR = 0.97). Objective nonadherence was associated with active working status (OR = 4.11), younger age (OR = 1.04) and substance use or abuse (OR = 2.35). Subjective nonadherence was associated with worse insight in psychotherapy (OR = 0.95) and poor pharmacologic adherence (OR = 0.55). Contextual reasons (25.8%) were the most commonly reported cause of dropout. Time in psychotherapy was associated with outcome variables.Conclusions: Nonadherence to psychotherapy is frequent. To reduce nonadherence in psychotherapy, specific interventions for reducing substance use and abuse, measures aimed at facilitating access to Community Mental Health Units, and enhancing insight in psychotherapy should be implemented.

Mobile Phone App-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Chemotherapy-Treated Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer: Pilot Study.

BackgroundAdvanced lung cancer patients often have chronic lung disease with reduced exercise capacities and various symptoms leading to altered quality of life (QoL). No studies have assessed pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) employing a mobile app and an Internet of Things device in advanced lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the feasibility and efficacy of smartphone app–based PR on exercise capacity, symptom management, and QoL in patients with advanced lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsA total of 100 patients were recruited in a prospective, single-arm intervention study using a smartphone app–based PR program for 12 weeks. Exercise capacity (6-min walking distance, 6MWD), QoL, symptom scale scores, and distress indexes were investigated.ResultsA total of 90 patients completed the PR program. The most common cause of drop out was hospitalization because of cancer progression. After PR, there was significant improvement in the 6MWD; 380.1 m (SD 74.1) at baseline, 429.1 m (SD 58.6) at 6 weeks (P<.001), and 448.1 m (SD 50.0) at 12 weeks (P<.001). However, the dyspnea scale score showed no significant improvement in the patients overall, but there was a trend for improvement in those with a stable tumor response (P=.07). Role (P=.02), emotional (P<.001), and social functioning (P=.002) scale scores showed significant improvement after PR. Symptom scale scores for fatigue (P<.001), anorexia (P=.047), and diarrhea (P=.01) also showed significant improvement. There was significant improvement in depression (P=.048) and anxiety (P=.01), whereas there was no significant change in QoL (P=.06) and severity of pain (P=.24).ConclusionsSmartphone app–based PR represents an effective and feasible program to improve exercise capacity and to manage symptoms and distress in patients with advanced lung cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy.

중·고등학교 기계체조 선수들이 지각하는 통제적 코칭행동이 동기분위기 및 중도탈락의도에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to analyze the connection between withdrawal and the leader’s coaching behaviors and motivational atmosphere. The frequency analysis, Cronbach’s α reliability coefficient, and descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS WIN version 22.0. Then, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to confirm the relationship between the specific variables. Results of analysis has shown below. First, the controlled coaching behavior of the leader has a static influence on the competitive atmosphere, which is a subfactor of the motivational atmosphere, and has a negative influence on the trained atmosphere. Therefore, controlled coaching behaviors has actual influenced atmosphere. Second, the competitive atmosphere, which is a subfactor of the perceived motivational atmosphere, has a static influence on the dropout intention and the trained atmosphere has a negative influence on the dropout. Therefore, these kinds of atmosphere were main causes for dropout. Third, language control and privacy control, which are subordinate factors of the leader ’s coaching behavior, have a significant effect on withdrawal. The motivational atmosphere is formed according to the controlled coaching behavior perceived by the middle and high school gymnastic athletes. The provision of the trained atmosphere is effective in reducing the dropout intention.It was confirmed that motivational atmosphere was an significant factor. Therefore, leaders should provide a more efficient and democratic training atmosphere for student athletes, and give opportunities to improve their athletic abilities and provides positive teaching method.

Cohort Analysis: Dropout, Lag and Terminal Efficiency in the Bachelor of Medicina and Surgery of the University of Medical Sciences

This study aims to analyze the institutional completion rates, the dropout rates, the student lag, and the average number of years to successfully complete the degree in Medicine and Surgery. The population consists of four cohorts: from I-2008(n=252), II-2008 (n= 142), I 2009 (n= 214) and II- 2009 (n= 144). The data come from the institutional database “AVATAR”, fed by the Registration Department, with socio-demographic variables and grades by subject and academic period, which are automatically uploaded to the system and corroborated with the reports delivered by each teacher. To analyze the data we used the Stata v-14 package, the survival models (duration models) and a Cox regression model was adjusted. The completion rate is 29,9%, with a duration of 11-13 semesters (5½ 6½ years), 12,8% prolong their studies up to one more semester. The average dropout rate of the cohorts was 55,2%, occurring during the first six semesters of the career. An important cause of dropout is the multiple repetition of Basic Science courses that gives a lag of 14,9%. We recommended to carry out studies that clarify the causes of these results and allow the renovation of didactic methods, curricular redesign, and study methods to overcome these problems.

A Single Educational Seminar Increases Confidence and Decreases Dropout from Active Surveillance by 5 Years After Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

BackgroundResearchers remain divided on the major causes of dropout from active surveillance (AS), with rates of up to 38% among men with no evidence of prostate cancer (PC) progression. ObjectiveTo develop and evaluate an educational intervention in terms of adherence to AS among men with low- to intermediate-risk PC. Design, setting, and participantsWe first carried out focus group discussions with men who had remained on and dropped out of AS to inform an intervention to increase adherence to AS. A total of 255 consecutive men who had selected AS were then recruited to either standard care (written information and access to a nurse specialist) or standard care and the intervention. InterventionAn educational seminar was designed by patients and clinicians including information on imaging, biopsy techniques, understanding pathology, large AS cohorts - mortality and morbidity risk and diet and lifestyle advice. Outcome measurements and statistical analysisThe proportion of men dropping out of AS for reasons other than disease progression was assessed at 1 and 5yr after AS selection using multivariate logistic regression. Results and limitationsCommon themes influencing decision-making by men on AS were identified: (1) clinical consistency; (2) information; and (3) lifestyle advice. Addition of an educational seminar led to significantly fewer men dropping out of AS: at 1 and 5yr the dropout rate was 25% and 42%, respectively, in the standard care group, compared to 11% and 22% (p=0.001) in the intervention group. In the intervention group, 18 men failed to attend the seminar. ConclusionsThe AS dropout rate was halved following a single educational seminar delivered to groups of men with intermediate- or low-risk PC, even at 5yr. Patient summaryMen on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer feel more supported when provided with an educational seminar within 3 mo of their treatment choice. The seminar halved the number of men dropping-out of AS, even at 5yr.

Liver Transplant Waitlist Outcomes and the Allocation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Exception Points at a Low-Volume Center

BackgroundOrgan scarcity continues to be the main problem limiting the number of liver transplants performed. Outcomes of patients waitlisted for an organ in an Asian country with low organ donation rate have not been well evaluated. Our current policy of allocating 15 exception points to patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to render them competitive for a transplant also requires review. MethodsThe waiting list registry and the organ transplant registry of a single institution in Asia were reviewed from December 2005 to June 2016 for all patients who underwent liver transplantation. Patient characteristics and outcomes of waitlist dropouts were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0. ResultsOne hundred seventy-three patients were waitlisted for a deceased donor liver-only transplant. The most common etiology of liver disease was hepatitis B, followed by cholestatic diseases. Approximately half of the patients had HCC (45.6%). Priority listing for transplant comprised 15.6% of cases. Median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) at listing was 15, and median waiting time to transplant was 17 weeks (interquartile range = 6.5–43.5). Overall, 89 (51.4%) patients underwent liver transplantation and 68 (39.3%) dropped out. For patients with HCC, the most common cause of dropout was progression beyond University of California San Francisco transplant criteria (62.5%). The cumulative incidence of dropout at 3 months among patients with HCC who received exception MELD scores was 11%. This was higher than those listed with physiologic MELD of 14–16 points (7%) but lower than those with 17–19 points (16%). ConclusionsHepatitis B-related liver disease and HCC comprise the majority of patients listed for liver transplant. Dropout rates are high and this is due to the lack of donor organs. The current policy of allocating 15 exception MELD points to patients with HCC within transplant criteria may underestimate the dropout risk of patients with HCC in our population.

Efficacy of lidocaine 5% medicated plaster (VERSATIS®) in patients with localized neuropathic pain poorly responsive to pharmacological therapy.

Localized neuropathic pain (LNP) is a subgroup of neuropathic pain characterized by consistent and circumscribed area(s) of maximum pain, associated with negative or positive sensory signs and/or spontaneous symptoms characteristic of NP. Lidocaine medicated plasters (LMP) have shown to be effective in pain relief in selective LNP syndromes. We collected data of 130 patients in our database with LNP syndromes who used LMP. Forty-one patients out of 130 patients (32%) were treated with antiepileptics, antidepressants and opioids without improvement and/or with intolerable adverse effects and are not assuming systemic therapy anymore. Globally, during the 12 months follow-up, 15% of patients reached a complete pain relief without any systemic therapy, mainly in trigeminal and post-herpetic neuralgia (P=0.009), 38% of patients reduced analgesic drug consumption with the highest reduction in radiculopathy, post-herpetic neuralgia and trigeminal neuralgia. Topical and transient adverse effects, such as itching or local erythema, were seen in 19/130 (14.6%) patients; 7 of these patients (5.4%) needed to discontinue the treatment due to the occurrence of adverse effects. The dropout rate on global population (excluding cured and lost to follow-up) was 45%, and the main cause of dropouts was the inefficacy of treatment in the first 3 months of therapy with LMP. LMP treatment is safe and worth consideration also as add-on therapy in order to reduce analgesic drug consumption in selected LNP.

Causes of Voluntary Dropout of Microfinance Clients in Bangladesh

The study of the causes of the MFI clients’ drop-outs conducted through a survey on 30 dropped out clients with the help of structured questionnaire revealed that there are not too many strong reasons for dropout. The clients and their family and relatives are found quite happy with the MFI loan amount, interest rate, and peer guarantee system.&#x0D; The responses show that clients disinterest to take another loan is the most important cause of dropout. Other significant causes of dropouts are linked with stringent product features, especially the loan repayment procedures, which include no need for another loan, non-negotiable installment size, short repayment intervals, limited grace period, high interest rate, personal solvency, high savings rate, and strict overdue payment policy. On the other hand the least important causes of dropouts are non-beneficial savings scheme, more expensive than traditional money lenders, family or relatives’ disapproval, inflexible loan amount to business requirements, more expensive than other MFIs, the peer guarantee system, narrow range of loan packages.

A prospective pharmacovigilance study to evaluate adverse effect profile of first line anti-tubercular drugs in newly diagnosed sputum positive patients

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to remain one of the most pressing health problems in India with highest TB burden country in the world. Anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) induced organ toxicities are potentially serious ADRs of first line ATT regimen. The underlying mechanism of ATT-induced ADRs especially hepatotoxicity and the factors predisposing to its incidence which is significantly high in Indians are not clearly understood. It's vital to emphasize on ATT induced ADRs as it has direct influence on therapeutic outcome; result in high dropout rate and potential to develop MDR/XDR cases. ADR monitoring help us to revise the treatment protocol thereby improve treatment adherence and therapeutic outcome. Objective of this study is therefore designed to explore and monitor ADRs of first line anti-TB drugs.Methods: In this prospective observational study 60 TB patients (18-70 yrs) of either sex, newly sputum positive with normal parameters were included. Patients were followed up for six months aiming primarily to assess rate of ADRs and to identify preventable and potentially serious ADRs of anti-TB drugs. The ADRs of ATT on various organ systems (heart, kidney and liver), biochemical and haematological parameters were assessed and compared after 2 and 6 months; gender and age specific adverse events were also studied. Data obtained was analysed using student’s t-test of OpenEpi statistical software.Results: Study clearly revealed that ATT exhibit significant increase in toxicity markers viz. liver enzymes (p&lt;0.01), urea and creatinine (p&lt;0.01), ESR (p&lt;0.05) and PTINR (p&lt;0.01), wherein decrease in Hb% (p&lt;0.01) when compared to baseline.Conclusions: ATT related ADRs is the major cause of dropouts and development of MDR/XDR cases. It's crucial to develop strategies to ameliorate ADRs both to improve the quality of patient care and to control TB safely. The data obtained from present study may be helpful in developing these effective strategies.

A photovoice study of school belongingness among high school students in Norway

ABSTRACTAlthough high school graduation is important for living conditions and health throughout life, many students do not complete. In Norway’s northern most county, Finnmark, up to 45% of students do not complete high school. Contrary to prior research that has primarily focused on causes for dropout, this study’s aim was to deepen understanding of factors that support high school attendance. A strengths-based participatory approach using photovoice addressed attendance factors as perceived by seven participating students from one high school in Finnmark. Qualitative content analysis of data generated through group dialogue about participant-generated photos and individual interviews identified six factors important for students’ school attendance: a supportive school environment, a good learning environment, recuperation and recreation, family and friends, goals and ambitions, and place attachment. Related aspects of a supportive environment and belongingness, where school staff made important contributions to promoting a positive environment, were essential.

Exploring the cancer caregiver's journey through web-based Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy.

Psychosocial interventions are historically underutilized by cancer caregivers, but support programs delivered flexibly over the Internet address multiple barriers to care. We adapted Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for cancer caregivers, an in-person psychotherapeutic intervention intended to augment caregivers' sense of meaning and purpose and ameliorate burden, for delivery in a self-administered web-based program, the Care for the Cancer Caregiver (CCC) Workshop. The present study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of this program. Eighty-four caregivers were randomized to the CCC Workshop or waitlist control arm. Quantitative assessments of meaning, burden, anxiety, depression, benefit finding, and spiritual well-being were conducted preintervention (T1), within 2-weeks postintervention (T2), and 2- to 3-month follow-up (T3). In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with a subset of participants. Forty-two caregivers were randomized to the CCC Workshop. Attrition was moderate at T2 and T3, with caregiver burden and bereavement as key causes of drop-out. At T2 and T3, some observed mean change scores and effect sizes were consistent with hypothesized trends (eg, meaning in caregiving, benefit finding, and depressive symptomatology), though no pre-post significant differences emerged between groups. However, a longitudinal mixed-effects model found significant differential increases in benefit finding in favor of the CCC arm. The CCC Workshop was feasible and acceptable. Based on effect sizes reported here, a larger study will likely establish the efficacy of the CCC Workshop, which has the potential to address unmet needs of caregivers who underutilize in-person supportive care services.

Electron Flux Dropouts at L ∼ 4.2 From Global Positioning System Satellites: Occurrences, Magnitudes, and Main Driving Factors

AbstractDropouts in electron fluxes at L ∼ 4.2 were investigated for a broad range of energies from 120 keV to 10 MeV, using 16 years of electron flux data from Combined X‐ray Dosimeter on board Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. Dropouts were defined as flux decreases by at least a factor 4 in 12 h, or 24 h during which a decrease by at least a factor of 1.5 must occur during each 12 h time bin. Such fast and strong dropouts were automatically identified from the GPS electron flux data and statistics of dropout magnitudes, and occurrences were compiled as a function of electron energy. Moreover, the Error Reduction Ratio analysis was employed to search for nonlinear relationships between electron flux dropouts and various solar wind and geomagnetic activity indices, in order to identify potential external causes of dropouts. At L ∼ 4.2, the main driving factor for the more numerous and stronger 1–10 MeV electron dropouts turns out to be the southward interplanetary magnetic field Bs, suggesting an important effect from precipitation loss due to combined electromagnetic ion cyclotron and whistler mode waves in a significant fraction of these events, supplementing magnetopause shadowing and outward radial diffusion which are also effective at lower energies.

PDB3 - DATABASE ANALYSIS OF A SUPPORT PROGRAM FOR PEDIATRIC PATIENTS USING SOMATROPIN DUE TO GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY (GHD)

Endocare is a pediatric patient support program for children treatment with somatropin for growth hormone deficiency (GHD) among other indications. Since its launching in 2009, a database was developed to gather epidemiological information and to identify treatment profile of these pediatric patients. Our goal is to analyze this information. Information such as age, gender, state, city, treatment duration and dropout rates and causes were included. Age of start and end of treatment are also part of the data. All patients in the program use / used an electronic device for application and various presentations of somatropin. In eight years of Endocare, there were 5,037 patients, among those, 52% are currently on treatment. On those 48% who discontinued treatment, 68% were due to medical guidance, clinical reassessment or end of treatment. Among all causes of drop outs, only 3.5% were caused by difficulty of application and fear of needle. Only 1 patient (0.04%) claimed to drop out due to lack of information. The analysis of the database allows us to observe that the majority of dropouts are due to the end of treatment, which demonstrates a significant satisfaction to the program, device and medication. The use of an electronic device contributes so that patients who have difficulty in applying and fear of needle do not dropout treatment and possibility to evaluate adherence rate. For these reasons and by the program provide all the necessary information about the disease and follow up, there is a greater stimulus for non-discontinuation of the medication and better clinical outcomes.

Causes of Dropouts at Cardinal Rugambwa Memorial University College, Tanzania

This study was conducted to verify, using the case of Cardinal Rugambwa Memorial University College, the widely held view that financial challenges are significant determinants of student dropouts in private universities in Tanzania. The study was conducted following a case study design. The findings were that with exception of tuition fees, financial constraints are significant causes of students’ failure to complete their study programmes. Other reasons that were found to be substantial causes of drop outs in this University College are related to students’ domestic and private reasons that include going to institutions near the home to take care of or being near their spouses. Administration related bottlenecks and gaps in guidance and counselling were also found to lead to dropout. Policy recommendations and areas for future research are identified.

Research protocol on early palliative care in patients with acute leukaemia after one relapse

ObjectivesAccording to the American Society of Clinical Oncology palliative care referrals are made within the last 3 weeks of patients’ lives and most frequently when oncological treatments have ceased especially...

FREE DAY SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION

The study endeavoured to investigate factors that cause dropout of secondary school students in Kipkelion Sub County. The study was guided by social demand theory. The objective of the study was to identify factors that cause drop out in secondary schools in Kipkelion Sub County.  The Study population comprised 1600 form 4 students and 25 head teachers in 25 secondary schools in Kipkelion Sub County. The sample size consisted of 343 students and 19 head teachers which were selected using both purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Questionnaires and document analysis were used to collect quantitative data while interviews with the principals and sub county directors generated qualitative data. Validity of instruments was confirmed by involving experts. Reliability was determined by using parallel form technique and chronbach’s alpha of 0.78 was obtained. It was established that despite the introduction of free day secondary school education (FDSE), there is still a good number of obstacles. The greatest causes of dropouts are early marriages and teenage pregnancies among girls. There are also latent costs which are beyond the reach of most parents and others are retrogressive cultural practices, pregnancies, lack of sufficient teachers, HIV and AIDS. In spite of innovative strategies the Government of Kenya has undertaken, the cost of education has not substantially decreased for a majority of students whose backgrounds are poor. The recommendation is that the Government of Kenya through the ministry of education should increase the amount of capitation and sensitize the communities on the importance of taking their children’s education more seriously especially the girl-child and elimination of retrogressive cultural values.

A Study of Dropout Students at Primary Level in Delhi

In most countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education although it is permissible for parents to provide it. The major goals of primary education are achieving basic literacy and numeracy among all pupils, as well as establishing foundations in science, mathematics, geography, history and other social sciences. The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is the apex body for school education in India. The NCERT provides support and technical assistance to a number of schools in India and oversees many aspects of enforcement of education policies. The present study aims to understand the current magnitude of the problem as also the causes of dropout. The main objectives of this study are to compare the mean scores of dropout students with respect to their gender, family economic status, locality of school and educational status of parents. The main causes of dropout are poor economic condition of family, poor infrastructural facilities in schools, lack of middle school for girls near their village, shifting of students to private schools from govt. schools and education do not help student in managing their future life.

Factors Leading to School Dropout in India

Education is the basic requirement for human development. With education, employment opportunities are broadened and income levels are increased. The development of an individual and the progress of a nation depend on education. The present article tried to understand the differentials and factors associated with school dropouts in India and the current magnitude of the problem as also the causes of dropout. While India has made significant progress in raising enrollment rates for primary education schools have been less successful at preventing dropouts during this critical learning phase. According to data put out by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), the national dropout rate at the primary level was 4.34 per cent in 2014–15, and it was even higher at the secondary level, at 17.86 per cent. There are many reasons why a child might drop out from school, which range from migration of families and child marriage, to lack of school infrastructure such as drinking water and toilets. According to a recent report in The Telegraph, the MHRD has already initiated a new system of tracking drop-out rates by students’ Aadhar IDs, so that early intervention can be made to bring the child back to school. The data will be maintained by the National University for Education Planning and Administration (NUEPA).

A SAS macro for the joint modeling of longitudinal outcomes and multiple competing risk dropouts

Background and objectivesThe joint modeling of longitudinal and survival data to assess effects of multiple informative dropout mechanisms on longitudinal outcomes inference has received considerable attention during recent years; related statistical programs to apply these methods have been lacking. This paper provides a SAS macro implementation of a shared parameter model to accommodate the analysis of longitudinal outcomes in the presence of multiple competing survival/dropout events. MethodsIn this macro, we assumed that the associations between the survival and the longitudinal submodels are linked through a set of shared random effects. The submodel for the longitudinal outcome takes the form of a linear mixed effects model, with specifications for the random intercept and/or random slope. The survival submodel allows up to three different competing causes for dropout, each allowing either an exponential or Weibull parametric baseline hazard function. In addition, information criterion fit statistics AIC and BIC are provided to assist with parametric baseline hazard function selection. ResultsWe illustrate the SAS Macro in a cognitive decline study sensitivity analysis using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS). In addition, we also conduct a simulation study to show that the joint model provides unbiased parameter estimates when informative dropout exists compared against separate model approach which assumes missing at random dropout mechanisms. ConclusionsWe have presented a SAS macro to implement a shared parameter model for a longitudinal outcome and multiple cause-specific dropouts and made the macro code freely available for download.

Deserción en estudiantes del Programa Plan Estudia de una universidad privada de Manizales, Caldas-Colombia. 2008-2009

Objetivo: identificar e interpretar los factores de deserción de los estudiantes que ingresaron en la modalidad de Plan Estudia en los años 2008-2009 y no se matricularon en el año 2010 en los programas académicos de una universidad privada de Manizales.Metodología: el estudio se desarrolló desde un enfoque mixto de investigación de alcance descriptivo. Se usaron como técnicas de recolección de información, las fichas de identificación de estudiantes referidas por registro académico, encuesta y entrevista a profundidad a los estudiantes no matriculados del programa Plan Estudia con el fin de triangular la información. La población estuvo constituida por 180 estudiantes que se retiraron antes de terminar sus estudios, de los cuales se logró ubicar a 77. Se sistematizó la información de la encuesta en el programa SPSS y de la entrevista en Atlas Ti. El análisis se realizó teniendo como base los 4 factores determinantes de la deserción: socioeconómicos, individuales, académicos e institucionales.Resultados: las causas de deserción predominantes en su orden son las de carácter socioeconómico, individual, académico y, las de menor influencia, las Institucionales.Conclusiones: las causas de la deserción son múltiples, por ende, corresponde a un fenómeno integral en el que las instituciones deben generar estrategias diferenciadas académicas y administrativas para lograr el propósito de la educación, la permanencia, graduación y la incorporación de sus graduados en el mundo laboral.