Variety Of Causes Research Articles

A comparative analysis of Silverkite and inter-dependent deep learning models for bitcoin price prediction

These days, there is a lot of demand for cryptocurrencies, and investors are essentially investing in them. The fact that there are already over 6,000 cryptocurrencies in use worldwide because of this, investors with regular incomes put money into promising cryptocurrencies that have low market values. Accurate pricing forecasting is necessary to build profitable trading strategies because of the unique characteristics and volatility of cryptocurrencies. For consistent forecasting accuracy in an unknown price range, a variation point detection technique is employed. Due to its bidirectional nature, a Bi-LSTM appropriate for recording long-term dependencies in data that is sequential. Accurate forecasting in the cryptocurrency space depends on identifying these connections, since values are subject to change over time due to a variety of causes. In this work, we employ four deep learning-based models that are LSTM, FB-Prophet, LSTM-GRU and Bidirectional-LSTM(Bi-LSTM) and these four models are compared with Silverkite. Silverkite is the main algorithm of the Python library Graykite by LinkedIn. Using historical bitcoin data from 2012 to 2021, we utilized to analyse the models’ mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE). The Bi-LSTM model performs better than others, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.633 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.815. The conclusion has significant ramifications for bitcoin investors and industry experts.

An Algorithm for Jaw Pain among Divers.

Background: Temporomandibular disease (TMD) is commonly seen, and divers also experience pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) or masticatory muscles. This article aims to provide a tool for diving physicians or medical professionals involved in diving medicine since jaw pain among divers is a pertinent subject and can be challenging to evaluate without some background in dentistry or maxillofacial surgery. Method: A basic algorithm was developed to provide a tool to differentiate jaw pains experienced by divers. Three brief case studies were developed, and five diving physicians were tasked with diagnosing the cases using the algorithm. Additionally, simple exercises and massage techniques that can benefit patients with TMD, particularly immediately after diving, are outlined. Results: All five diving physicians successfully diagnosed the cases using the algorithm. However, three of them were unable to diagnose the first case (disc luxation) without consulting the algorithm. Nevertheless, all physicians acknowledged the utility of the algorithm. Conclusions: Jaw pain in divers can stem from diverse causes, but effective treatment options exist. Our study findings provide valuable insights to assist diving physicians in making accurate diagnoses and guiding appropriate patient management, which may include referrals to specialists such as dentists, maxillofacial surgeons, or orthodontists.

Mechanisms and pathologies of human mitochondrial DNA replication and deletion formation.

Human mitochondria possess a multi-copy circular genome, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), that is essential for cellular energy metabolism. The number of copies of mtDNA per cell, and their integrity, are maintained by nuclear-encoded mtDNA replication and repair machineries. Aberrant mtDNA replication and mtDNA breakage are believed to cause deletions within mtDNA. The genomic location and breakpoint sequences of these deletions show similar patterns across various inherited and acquired diseases, and are also observed during normal ageing, suggesting a common mechanism of deletion formation. However, an ongoing debate over the mechanism by which mtDNA replicates has made it difficult to develop clear and testable models for how mtDNA rearrangements arise and propagate at a molecular and cellular level. These deletions may impair energy metabolism if present in a high proportion of the mtDNA copies within the cell, and can be seen in primary mitochondrial diseases, either in sporadic cases or caused by autosomal variants in nuclear-encoded mtDNA maintenance genes. These mitochondrial diseases have diverse genetic causes and multiple modes of inheritance, and show notoriously broad clinical heterogeneity with complex tissue specificities, which further makes establishing genotype-phenotype relationships challenging. In this review, we aim to cover our current understanding of how the human mitochondrial genome is replicated, the mechanisms by which mtDNA replication and repair can lead to mtDNA instability in the form of large-scale rearrangements, how rearranged mtDNAs subsequently accumulate within cells, and the pathological consequences when this occurs.

Ecological impacts of a global plant invader: synthesizing mean and variance effects using meta‐analysis

Invasive alien species (IAS) are one amongst the dominant drivers of global environmental change. The reported effects of IAS on biodiversity and ecosystems are often highly variable across species, habitats, and environmental settings, which constrains our capacity to empirically generalise their overall impact. To date, meta‐analyses have investigated the ecological impacts of IAS using only mean effects, while variance effects – an equally important measure in quantifying the efficacy or generalizability of a treatment – has largely remained ignored. Using a global meta‐analysis of 586 and 522 effect sizes related to mean and variance measures respectively from 30 studies, here we provide the first quantitative synthesis of the extent to which a global plant invader Lantana camara affects the mean and variance of ecological variables relevant at species, community and ecosystem levels. Our results suggest that for individual response classes, both the mean and variance effects from the species invasion differed considerably in their magnitude and direction, with the effect on most response classes being highly heterogeneous and non‐significant. The study design had a significant effect on both the mean and variance effects from the species invasion, but the ecosystem type, continent, and latitude act as weak predictors of both mean and variance effects. By investigating both mean and variance effects, our study provides first quantitative synthesis on ecological impacts of a globally problematic invasive plant. Based on our findings, we highlight the current knowledge gaps and suggest future research directions, particularly the need to focus on causes of variance in invasion impact studies for effective management and restoration of invaded landscapes.

Exploring Prevalence Trends of Jaw Bone Pathologies: A Three-Year Institutional Study.

Background Head and neck bone pathologies cover various conditions with diverse causes. Infections like osteomyelitis and dental abscesses can spread to soft tissues and bones, causing tissue death, inflammation, and systemic effects. Benign and malignant tumors can develop from soft tissue, cartilage, or bone, posing challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Studies on their prevalence in local populations are rare, obscuring our understanding of regional health dynamics. Aim In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of bone pathologies documented over the last three years from 2021 to 2023. Materials and methods Histopathologically confirmed cases of bone pathologies at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India, were gathered from the institutional database (DIAS: Dental Information Archiving Software) from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2023. They were categorized into groups of infectious and inflammatory lesions, fibro-osseous lesions, malignancies originating from bone, malignancies invading bone, and miscellaneous conditions. The data was then compiled into a Google spreadsheet (Google, Inc., Mountain View, USA) for further analysis. Graphs were created to visualize the prevalence of bone pathologies enabling a descriptive exploration of temporal trends. Results A total of 2626 biopsy records were reviewed. Among these, 242 (9.21%) cases of bone-related pathologies were included, and the remaining 2384 (90.79%) entities without any mention of bone were excluded. Overall, considering all three years, 43.8% (100) bone-related lesions were reported in 2021, 30.3% (77) in 2022 and 25.9% (65) in the year 2023. Under each category, infectious and inflammatory lesions for 40.5% (98), fibro-osseous lesions for 14.9% (36), benign lesions for 2.9% (7), malignancies originating from bone for 1.7% (4), malignancies invading bone for 38% (93), and miscellaneous conditions for 1.65% (4) were reported. The highest number of infectious and inflammatory pathologies (53%) were reported in 2021. A steep fall was observed in 2022 and 2023 under the infectious and inflammatory category. The malignancies invading the bone showed almost similar distribution in all three years. Conclusion The observed variations highlight the unpredictability of bone pathologies, involving the jaw bones. We emphasize continuous observation and analysis to comprehend changing patterns in bone health.

Differential diagnosis of vulvar pruritus: Psoriasis and vulvar lichen

Objective: To address some of the main pathologies that can bring the complaint of “itching” to the doctor's office: Vulvar Psoriasis, Lichen Sclerosus and Vulvar Lichen Planus. This recurring complaint in doctors' offices is characterized by itching or discomfort in the vulvar area, with a variety of causes. Methods: The research was carried out using a literature review based on data published on the CAPES Portal, SciELO and PubMed. Results: In the literature review it was possible to clarify that Vulvar Psoriasis, one of the differential diagnoses, is a chronic non-contagious dermatosis with intense itching, discomfort and scaling. Lichen Sclerosus, on the other hand, is a chronic dermal pathology of an intense inflammatory nature, with itching, pain and irritation of the mucosa, while Vulvar Lichen Planus is a chronic inflammatory disorder, with itching, pain, burning, dyspareunia and atrophy of the cultivar and vaginal architecture. Conclusion: This study concludes that failure to treat this complaint, which is common to all three conditions, has consequences that impact on the patient's quality of life.

Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy: a puzzle for the final diagnosis.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children has diverse causes. Mitochondrial diseases, a rare aetiology leading to cardiomyopathy in 20-40% of affected children, predominantly present as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Diagnosis is challenging due to inconsistent genotype-phenotype correlation, resulting in various clinical presentations. We present a case of a one-month-old infant with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cardiac tamponade. Genetic diagnosis revealed a Valyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (VARS2) gene mutation, linking it to mitochondrial encephalopathy-cardiomyopathy. This case highlights novel variants and expands the understanding of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy aetiology in infants.

Phylogenomic perspectives on speciation and reproductive isolation in a North American biodiversity hotspot: an example using California sages (Salvia subgenus Audibertia: Lamiaceae).

The California Floristic Province (CA-FP) is the most species-rich region of North America north of Mexico. One of several proposed hypotheses explaining the exceptional diversity of the region is that the CA-FP harbours myriad recently diverged lineages with nascent reproductive barriers. Salvia subgenus Audibertia is a conspicuous element of the CA-FP, with multiple sympatric and compatible species. Using 305 nuclear loci and both organellar genomes, we reconstruct species trees, examine genomic discordance, conduct divergence-time estimation, and analyse contemporaneous patterns of gene flow and mechanical reproductive isolation. Despite strong genomic discordance, an underlying bifurcating tree is supported. Organellar genomes capture additional introgression events not detected in the nuclear genome. Most interfertility is found within clades, indicating that reproductive barriers arise with increasing genetic divergence. Species are generally not mechanically isolated, suggesting that it is unlikely to be the primary factor leading to reproductive isolation. Rapid, recent speciation with some interspecific gene flow in conjunction with the onset of a Mediterranean-like climate is the underlying cause of extant diversity in Salvia subgenus Audibertia. Speciation has largely not been facilitated by gene flow. Its signal in the nuclear genome seems to mostly be erased by backcrossing, but organellar genomes each capture different instances of historical gene flow, probably characteristic of many CA-FP lineages. Mechanical reproductive isolation appears to be only part of a mosaic of factors limiting gene flow.

Research progress on the application of magnesium phosphate bone cement in bone defect repair: A review.

Bone defects arising from diverse causes, such as traffic accidents, contemporary weapon usage, and bone-related disorders, present significant challenges in clinical treatment. Prolonged treatment cycles for bone defects can result in complications, impacting patients' overall quality of life. Efficient and timely repair of bone defects is thus a critical concern in clinical practice. This study aims to assess the scientific progress and achievements of magnesium phosphate bone cement (MPC) as an artificial bone substitute material. Additionally, the research seeks to explore the future development path and clinical potential of MPC bone cement in addressing challenges associated with bone defects. The study comprehensively reviews MPC's performance, encompassing e.g. mechanical properties, biocompatibility, porosity, adhesion and injectability. Various modifiers are also considered to broaden MPC's applications in bone tissue engineering, emphasizing drug-loading performance and antibacterial capabilities, which meet clinical diversification requirements. In comparison to alternatives such as autogenous bone transplantation, allograft, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and calcium phosphate cement (CPC), MPC emerges as a promising solution for bone defects. It addresses limitations associated with these alternatives, such as immunological rejection and long-term harm to patients. MPC can control heat release during the curing process, exhibits superior mechanical strength, and has the capacity to stimulate new bone growth. MPC stands out as an artificial bone substitute with appropriate mechanical strength, rapid degradation, non-toxicity, and good biocompatibility, facilitating bone repair and regeneration. Modification agents can enhance its clinical versatility. Future research should delve into its mechanical properties and formulations, expanding clinical applications to create higher-performing and more medically valuable alternatives in bone defect repair.

Nonsurgical Minimally Invasive Endodontic Treatment of Large Periapical Lesions: A Report of Three Cases

Introduction Periapical lesions develop as a result of microorganisms from necrotic pulp tissue or retained foreign bodies in the periapical tissue, leading to acute or chronic inflammation. It has been proven that the majority of inflammatory periapical lesions can be effectively treated using nonsurgical endodontic management. However, the selection between surgical and nonsurgical endodontic treatment for managing large periapical lesions remains a controversial issue. This report aims to reveal the effectiveness of nonsurgical, minimally invasive endodontic treatment for large periapical lesions in conjunction with lesion decompression and aspiration. Case Presentation This article presents three cases with large periapical lesions related to severe bone destruction with different causes that were managed with nonsurgical endodontic treatment, involving multiple visits for intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide. In all three cases, the long-term clinical assessments and CBCT scans consistently showed complete healing. The follow-up period ranged from 24 to 48 months. Conclusion The successful results demonstrated the efficacy of nonsurgical endodontic management, which is a minimally invasive approach when addressing large inflammatory periapical lesions with diverse causes.

Efficacy of Homeopathic Higher Dilutions in management of Sleep Disorders: A Review

Background: Sleep disorders, including insomnia, have diverse causes and can significantly impact physical and mental health. Homeopathy is explored as an alternative treatment for these disorders, but its efficacy remains uncertain. Aim/Objective: This study reviews clinical research on the efficacy of homeopathic higher dilutions remedies for sleep disorders. The goal is to provide insights into the progress in clinical and preclinical investigations on homeopathy for sleep disorders. Methodology: We conducted a comprehensive database search for original clinical studies on homeopathy and sleep disorders and its related terminology published until September 2023, applying exclusion criteria to select relevant studies. Results: We identified 11 studies meeting our criteria. These studies explored the use of homeopathic remedies for managing sleep disorders with the help of various assessment tools, like Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), STAI questionnaire, Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Sleep Diary (SD), Sleep Impairment Index (SII), Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), and Trait of Anxiety Scale (TAS). Findings included reduced anxiety and improved sleep quality with Passiflora Compose, potential benefits of individualized homeopathic treatment for insomnia, and positive outcomes in children and young adults with sleep issues. Homeopathy also showed potential effects on sleep patterns in a rat study. Conclusion: The reviewed studies suggest the potential benefits of homeopathic treatments for sleep-related conditions. Passiflora Compose, individualized homeopathic treatment, and homeopathic similimum demonstrated promise in improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety. More research and larger trials are needed for wider acceptance, but these findings highlight their value for diverse populations.

An integrated approach for sewage diversion: Case of the Huayuan mine, Hunan Province, China

Environment protection is a core priority for many governments in this century. Most environmental problems have diverse causes: emission of greenhouse gases from fossil fuels, resource depletion, or intense mining activities such as the Huayuan manganese mine. The positioning of mining factories and water treatment stations impacts the surrounding groundwater reservoir. As the mine expands, the environmental impact also increases, and the previous plan based on monitoring wastewater leakage has become inappropriate. Therefore, to solve this issue, a new study is required to understand the lateral resistivity distribution underground and to define a new station location for water treatment and divert the sewage to that station. In this study, the audio-frequency magnetotelluric method is used. Surveys of two long lines that cross the mining area to its boundaries are carried out. Data are robustly processed and inverted. Based on the inverted models, in addition to the geologic information, drilling inspections, and solid waste distributions map, the integrated interpretation develops two sites on the top of impermeable layers, which constitute a buffer point between the unsafe (high concentration of pollutants) and the safe zones in the northwestern part of the mine. From the resistivity distribution combined with the water quality analysis, a relationship between the fault structures reveals an interconnected conductive zone (CZ) in the southeastern part. As the main channels for water circulating underground, these CZs delineate the main groundwater reservoir with a clastic aquifer layer. However, close to factories, the water from faults contains solid wastes, thereby making the groundwater in that zone nonpotable, unlike the safety zone located in the northwestern part. This workflow can become a field guide to improve the environment of mines and the deployment of hydrogeologic drilling in a safe area.

Unveiling Complexity: A Case Study of Evans Syndrome Secondary to Atypical Pneumonia

Abstract Evans syndrome (ES) is a combined presentation of immune thrombocytopenia along with autoimmune hemolytic anemia with a positive direct antihuman globulin test. Approximately half of the cases of ES may be secondary to diverse causes, including infections, systemic autoimmune, transplantation, and lymphoproliferative syndromes. We discuss a 53-year-old male who came with complaints of low-grade fever, breathlessness, and cough and was found to have low hemoglobin levels and reduced platelet count. His Coomb’s test was positive, and his chest X-ray suggested pneumonia. The serum nucleic acid amplification test was positive for mycoplasma. A diagnosis of atypical pneumonia with ES was confirmed.

Genetic and phenotypic analysis of 225 Chinese children with developmental delay and/or intellectual disability using whole-exome sequencing

Developmental delay (DD), or intellectual disability (ID) is a very large group of early onset disorders that affects 1–2% of children worldwide, which have diverse genetic causes that should be identified. Genetic studies can elucidate the pathogenesis underlying DD/ID. In this study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on 225 Chinese DD/ID children (208 cases were sequenced as proband-parent trio) who were classified into seven phenotype subgroups. The phenotype and genomic data of patients with DD/ID were further retrospectively analyzed. There were 96/225 (42.67%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 36.15–49.18%) patients were found to have causative single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions/deletions (Indels) associated with DD/ID based on WES data. The diagnostic yields among the seven subgroups ranged from 31.25 to 71.43%. Three specific clinical features, hearing loss, visual loss, and facial dysmorphism, can significantly increase the diagnostic yield of WES in patients with DD/ID (P = 0.005, P = 0.005, and P = 0.039, respectively). Of note, hearing loss (odds ratio [OR] = 1.86%; 95% CI = 1.00-3.46, P = 0.046) or abnormal brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.02–3.50, P = 0.042) was independently associated with causative genetic variants in DD/ID children. Our findings enrich the variation spectrums of SNVs/Indels associated with DD/ID, highlight the value genetic testing for DD/ID children, stress the importance of BAEP screen in DD/ID children, and help to facilitate early diagnose, clinical management and reproductive decisions, improve therapeutic response to medical treatment.

Correlation of Blood Creatinine Levels with The Result of Urine Sediment Analysis in Chronic Kidney Failure Patient

Chronic Kidney Failure is a condition caused by a gradual and chronic decline in kidney function. This situation can affect to creatinine levels. Creatinine is the result of endogenous metabolism that is useful for assessing glomerular function, in the event of renal dysfunction then the filtration ability of creatinine will be reduced and serum creatinine will increase. Urine sediment is produced from the results of urine concentration consisting of calcium salts. This concentrated urine comes from the kidneys with a variety of causes, one of which is chronic kidney failure, flows through the ureter to the bladder and continues to the urethra until the urethral. Objective: To find out the correlation of blood creatinine levels with the results of urine sediment analysis in patients with chronic kidney failure. Method: This research is observational analytical with a cross sectional approach to determine the correlation between independent and dependent variables. The sample is taken purposive sampling by selecting a sample based on certain criteria. The collected data is then analyzed using Spearman statistical tests. Results: Examination of creatinine levels in chronic kidney failure patients obtained 6.67 mg/dl. The average urine sediment found erythrocytes as many 2-3/HPF to many/HPF. Conclusion: There is a correlation of blood creatinine levels with the results of urine sediment analysis in patients with chronic kidney failure.

Effectiveness of blood transfusion to cats suffering flea infestation

Donation and transfusion of whole blood and its components in cats are relevant issues in veterinary practice. Blood transfusion to cats helps effectively treat anemia of diverse causes or at least stabilize a patient for further examinatons and searh of solutions for particular pathologies. Measures ensuring blood matching of donor and recipient cats must be conducted with the utmost care and thoroughness possible. At the very least, the blood group A/B/AB of both cats should be checked, and ideally further cross-sampling should be performed so as to detect Mik antigenes and other incompatibilities. Unlike dogs, cats have natural antibodies. Donor cats must be clinically healthy, vaccinated, 2–8 years old, weigh over 4 kg, with hematocrit over 30% (preferably more than 35%). Also, a donor cat should be examined for blood-transmitted infections, including feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and Mycoplasma haemofelis (pathogen of infectious feline anemia). The article presents clinical cases of using blood transfusion to treat feline anemia and results of the conducted laboratory studies, showing effectiveness of the performed medical procedures. After blood transfusion, the cats had positive dynamics in the general clinical state and increases in the main morphological blood parameters up to the norm or to values close to it. However, the issue of posthemorrhagic anemia requires more in-depth research in each separate case, particularly regarding the underlying case, since it can return the animal’s state and its main morphological blood parameters to the initial level, with no recovery, or at least long remission. It was found that whole-blood transfusion to the recipient animals with flea invasion increased the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin content, and hematocrit, which positively affected blood oxygenation and redox processes in the recipient animals, and accordingly their general clinical state.

The role of diabetes on the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA)

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a pathological local dilatation of the abdominal aorta that may develop from a variety of causes. With a 80% mortality rate, it is mainly linked to male gender, age above 65 years, smoking, and a family history of AAA. Ultrasonography is an effective method for screening males who are 65 or older for AAA. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedure reduces 30-day operative mortality and hospital stay, becoming a global standard. Both open and endovascular surgery aim to cut off the aneurysm's circulation, preventing it from rupturing. Diabetes mellitus (DM) may provide protection against regrowth and the need for additional intervention after endovascular AAA repair, thereby limiting the enlargement and rupture of AAAs. Hyperglycemia thickens the aortic walls and reduces wall stress in diabetic patients' abdominal aortas. It stabilizes collagen structure and promotes the synthesis of collagen type IV. Anti-diabetic drugs like metformin, thiazolidinedione, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) have been shown in both animal and human studies to protect against aortic aneurysms. In a dose-response pattern, these antidiabetic drugs may lower the prevalence, incidence, and enlargement rate of AAA.

Lip necrosis caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

AbstractLabial necrosis is a rare condition with diverse causes, posing challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, particularly those positive for Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (PVL), further complicate management due to antibiotic resistance and heightened virulence. We present three cases of labial necrosis caused by MRSA, two of which resulted positive for PVL. The first case involved a 35‐year‐old male with persistent lip edema and inflammation, which progressed despite various treatments. MRSA was isolated, and the patient responded to daptomycin and clindamycin therapy. The second case featured a 38‐year‐old male with intense lip pain and swelling, initially misdiagnosed as angioedema. The patient improved after treatment with daptomycin and clindamycin, along with nasal decolonization. The third case involved a 19‐year‐old male with rapid upper lip swelling following manipulation of a boil. Prompt drainage and antibiotic treatment led to complete resolution. These cases underscore the importance of considering MRSA and PVL‐positive S. aureus as potential etiologies in labial necrosis, especially in young individuals without underlying medical conditions. Effective management involves incision and drainage, complemented by antibiotic therapy tailored to drug resistance and virulence factors.

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Validation of the Portuguese version of the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) in a sample of bereaved individuals

The Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) evaluates the ability to integrate stressful experiences into one’s meaning system. The present study developed and validated a version of this scale for a bereaved Portuguese-speaking population, utilizing a sample of 242 adults who had lost a significant other to diverse causes of death. The sample was predominantly female, educated, married, or in consensual unions, and actively employed. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure, consisting of 13 items, showing adequate local and global goodness-of-fit and supporting the proposed original structure. Convergent evidence based on internal structure was found for the two dimensions (Comprehensibility and Footing in the World). Regarding reliability, Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega computed for each factor showed good internal consistency and the average inter-item correlation was considered satisfactory. This psychometric support for ISLES underscores its relevance in enhancing the knowledge of meaning-making processes in the Portuguese context.