Causal Sequence Research Articles

Ecosystem services in coupled social–ecological systems: Closing the cycle of service provision and societal feedback

Both the ‘cascade model’ of ecosystem service provision and the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework individually contribute to the understanding of human–nature interactions in social–ecological systems (SES). Yet, as several points of criticism show, they are limited analytical tools when it comes to reproducing complex cause–effect relationships in such systems. However, in this paper, we point out that by merging the two models, they can mutually enhance their comprehensiveness and overcome their individual conceptual deficits. Therefore we closed a cycle of ecosystem service provision and societal feedback by rethinking and reassembling the core elements of both models. That way, we established a causal sequence apt to describe the causes of change to SES, their effects and their consequences. Finally, to illustrate its functioning we exemplified and discussed our approach based on a case study conducted in the Alpujarra de la Sierra in southern Spain.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0651-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Mapping complex social transmission: technical constraints on the evolution of cultures

Social transmission is at the core of cultural evolutionary theory. It occurs when a demonstrator uses mental representations to produce some public displays (utterances, behaviors, artifacts, etc.) which in turn allow a learner to acquire similar mental representations. Although cultural evolutionists do not dis- pute this view of social transmission, they typically abstract away from the multi- step nature of the process when they speak of cultural variants at large, thereby referring both to variation and evolutionary change in mental representations as well as in their corresponding public displays. This conflation suggests that differenti- ating each step of the transmission process is redundant. In this paper, I examine different forms of interplay between the multistep nature of social transmission and the metric spaces used by cultural evolutionists to measure cultural variation and to model cultural change. I offer a conceptual analysis of what assumptions seem to be at work when cultural evolutionists conflate the complex causal sequence of social transmission as a single space of variation in which populations evolve. To this aim, I use the framework of variation spaces, a formal framework commonly used in evolutionary biology, and I develop two theoretical concepts, 'technique' and 'technical space', for addressing cases where the complexity of social transmission defies the handy assumption of a single variation space for cultural change.

Does it Matter that Most Representatives are Higher Educated?

Does it Matter that Most Representatives are Higher Educated?

Life Satisfaction Moderates the Effectiveness of a Play-Based Parenting Intervention in Low-Income Mothers and Toddlers.

This multi-method multi-trait study examined moderators and mediators of change in the context of a parenting intervention. Low-income, diverse mothers of toddlers (average age 30months; N = 186, 90 girls) participated in a play-based intervention (Child-Oriented Play versus Play-as-Usual) aimed at increasing children's committed compliance and reducing opposition toward their mothers, observed in prohibition contexts, and at reducing mother-rated children's behavior problems 6months after the intervention. Mothers' subjective sense of life satisfaction and fulfillment during the intervention and objective ratings of psychosocial functioning by clinicians, obtained in a clinical interview were posed as moderators, and mothers' observed power-assertive discipline immediately following the intervention was modeled as a mediator of its impact. We tested moderated mediation using structural equation modeling, with all baseline scores (prior to randomization) controlled. Mothers' subjective sense of life satisfaction moderated the impact of the intervention, but clinicians' ratings did not. For mothers highly satisfied with their lives, participating in Child-Oriented Play group, compared to Play-as-Usual group, led to a reduction in power-assertive discipline which, in turn, led to children's increased compliance and decreased opposition and externalizing problems. There were no effects for mothers who reported low life satisfaction. The study elucidates the causal sequence set in motion by the intervention, demonstrates the moderating role of mothers' subjective life satisfaction, highlights limitations of clinicians' ratings, and informs future prevention and intervention efforts to promote adaptive parenting.

Functional significance of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the lactase gene in diverse US patients and evidence for a novel lactase persistence allele at -13909 in those of European ancestry.

Recent data from mainly homogeneous European and African populations implicate a 140-bp region 5' to the transcriptional start site of LCT (the lactase gene) as a regulatory site for lactase persistence and nonpersistence. Because there are no studies of US nonhomogeneous populations, we performed genotype/phenotype analysis of the -13910 and -22018 LCT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in New England children, mostly of European ancestry. Duodenal biopsies were processed for disaccharidase activities, RNA quantification by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), allelic expression ratios by PCR, and genotyping and SNP analysis. Results were compared with clinical information. Lactase activity and mRNA levels, and sucrase-to-lactase ratios of enzyme activity and mRNA, showed robust correlations with genotype. None of the other LCT SNPs showed as strong a correlation with enzyme or mRNA levels as did -13910. Data were consistent, with the -13910 being the causal sequence variant instead of -22018. Four individuals heterozygous for -13910T/C had allelic expression patterns similar to individuals with -13910C/C genotypes; of these, 2 showed equal LCT expression from the 2 alleles and a novel variant (-13909C>A) associated with lactase persistence. The identification of -13910C/C genotype is likely to predict lactase nonpersistence, consistent with prior published studies. A -13910T/T genotype will frequently, but not perfectly, predict lactase persistence in this mixed European-ancestry population; a -13910T/C genotype will not predict the phenotype. A long, rare haplotype in 2 individuals with -13910T/C genotype but equal allele-specific expression contains a novel lactase persistence allele present at -13909.

QTL mapping using high-throughput sequencing.

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in plants dates to the 1980s (Stuber et al. Crop Sci 27: 639-648, 1987; Paterson et al. Nature 335: 721-726, 1988), but earlier studies were often hindered by the expense and time required to identify large numbers of polymorphic genetic markers that differentiated the parental genotypes and then to genotype them on large segregating mapping populations. High-throughput sequencing has provided an efficient means to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can then be assayed rapidly on large populations with array-based techniques (Gupta et al. Heredity 101: 5-18, 2008). Alternatively, high-throughput sequencing methods such as restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) (Davey et al. Nat Rev Genet 12: 499-510, 2011; Baird et al. PloS ONE 3: e3376, 2008) and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) (Elshire et al. PLoS One 6: 2011; Glaubitz et al. PLoS One 9: e90346, 2014) can be used to identify and genotype polymorphic markers directly. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between markers and causal variants is needed to detect QTL. The earliest QTL mapping methods used backcross and F2 generations of crosses between inbred lines, which have high levels of linkage disequilibrium (dependent entirely on the recombination frequency between chromosomal positions), to ensure that QTL would have sufficiently high linkage disequilibrium with one or more markers on sparse genetic linkage maps. The downside of this approach is that resolution of QTL positions is poor. The sequencing technology revolution, by facilitating genotyping of vastly more markers than was previously feasible, has allowed researchers to map QTL in situations of lower linkage disequilibrium, and consequently, at higher resolution. We provide a review of methods to identify QTL with higher precision than was previously possible. We discuss modifications of the traditional biparental mapping population that provide higher resolution of QTL positions, QTL fine-mapping procedures, and genome-wide association studies, all of which are greatly facilitated by high-throughput sequencing methods. Each of these procedures has many variants, and consequently many details to consider; we focus our chapter on the consequences of practical decisions that researchers make when designing QTL mapping studies and when analyzing the resulting data. The ultimate goal of many of these studies is to resolve a QTL to its causal sequence variation.

An examination of the value‐belief‐norm theory model in predicting pro‐environmental behaviour in Taiwan

Stern's value‐belief‐norm (VBN) theory of environmentalism suggests that perceiving adverse effects from global warming could promote mitigation behaviour. The VBN theory of environmentalism postulates a causal chain of five variables: values, the New Environmental (or Ecological) Paradigm (NEP), awareness of consequences (AC), ascription of responsibility (AR) to self‐beliefs, and personal norms (PN). Given a limited number of studies with East Asian participants, this study examines the applicability of the VBN theory model in predicting pro‐environmental behaviour in Taiwan to enhance the intercultural validation. A questionnaire study was conducted among 757 Taiwanese respondents. The results of structural equation modelling analysis and Sobel tests confirm the direct and mediatory effects of the causal sequence of the variables in the VBN theory of pro‐environmental behaviour, with NEP, AC beliefs, AR beliefs, and PN all bearing a mediating relationship between their antecedent and outcome variables in the causal chain. We elucidate the research results of the intercultural validation of the VBN theory model in this empirical study to clarify pro‐environmental behaviour.

Are Volunteer Satisfaction and Enjoyment Related to Cessation of Volunteering by Older Adults?

Previous research indicates that volunteer satisfaction and enjoyment do not exert direct effects on the cessation of volunteering by older adults. This study examined whether satisfaction with and enjoyment of volunteering indirectly affect volunteer cessation via hours volunteered. Our sample consisted of participants in the Americans' Changing Lives study (N = 380) who were 65 years old and older and who volunteered at Wave 1. Volunteer satisfaction, volunteer enjoyment, hours volunteered, and several covariates were assessed at Wave 1, and volunteer cessation was assessed 3 years later at Wave 2. Volunteer satisfaction and volunteer enjoyment were positively associated with hours volunteered, and more hours volunteered was associated with decreased likelihood of volunteer cessation. The indirect effects of volunteer satisfaction and volunteer enjoyment on volunteer cessation via hours volunteered were -.023 (p = .059) and -.036 (p = .015), respectively. The dynamics of volunteer cessation are important because a volunteer shortage is forecasted and because the benefits of volunteering may attenuate when volunteering stops. Future research should test the proposed causal sequence using longitudinal data with at least 3 waves.

Die Methode der Atthidographen. Die Kleidemos-Fragmente in der Theseus-Vita des Plutarch

In the Life of Theseus Plutarch cites long passages from the Atthis of Cleidemus. These passages can exemplify the relationship between myth, fiction and historiography in the Atthides. The initial hypothesis of the present study was that the works of the Atthidographers may demonstrate a historical method, which gains its coherence from the description of cause and effect, the causal sequence of events and the chronological arrangement. This runs counter to the current opinion, which classifies the method of the Atthidographers as pseudohistorical or paradoxographical. This opinion is based on the fact that many, and to the last detail embellished, myths characterise the representations of Athenian history especially in the Atthis of Cleidemus. But if one compares the fragments of Cleidemus in Plutach’s Theseus-Vita with other fragments of Cleidemus (FGrH No. 323 F8 on the naucraries and FGrH No. 323 F21 on Themistocles), one can see that at least Cleidemus practiced in his Atthis an integration of myth and political history, that shows a consciously reflected methodological claim to historiography.

The mediational effects of FDG hypometabolism on the association between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and neurocognitive function

Positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of tau and amyloid beta42 suggest possible active underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) including neurometabolic dysfunction and neurodegeneration leading to eventual cognitive decline. But the temporal relationship between CSF, imaging markers of neural function, and cognition has not been described. Using a statistical mediation model, we examined relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analytes (hyperphosphorylated tau (p-Tau181p), β-amyloid peptides 1–42 (Aβ1–42), total tau (t-Tau), and their ratios); change in cognitive function; and change in [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake using positron emission tomography (PET). We hypothesized that a) abnormal CSF protein values at baseline, result in cognitive declines by decreasing neuronal glucose metabolism across time, and b) the role of altered glucose metabolism in the assumed causal chain varies by brain region and the nature of CSF protein alteration.Data from 412 individuals participating in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging (ADNI) cohort studies were included in analyses. At baseline, individuals were cognitively normal (N=82), or impaired: 241 with mild cognitive impairment, and 89 with Alzheimer's disease. A parallel-process latent growth curve model was used to test mediational effects of changes in regional FDG-PET uptake over time in relation to baseline CSF biomarkers and changes in cognition, measured with the 13-item Alzheimer Disease's Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale (ADAS–Cog).Findings suggested a causal sequence of events; specifically, FDG hypometabolism acted as a mediator between antecedent CSF biomarker alterations and subsequent cognitive impairment. Higher baseline concentrations of t-Tau, and p-Tau181p were more predictive of decline in cerebral glucose metabolism than lower baseline concentrations of Aβ1–42. FDG-PET changes appeared to mediate t-Tau or t-Tau/Aβ1–42-associated cognitive change across all brain regions examined. Significant direct effects of alterations in Aβ1–42 levels on hypometabolism were observed in a single brain region: middle/inferior temporal gyrus.Results support a temporal framework model in which reduced CSF amyloid-related biomarkers occur earlier in the pathogenic pathway, ultimately leading to detrimental cognitive effects. Also consistent with this temporal framework model, baseline markers of neurofibrillary degeneration predicted changes in brain glucose metabolism in turn causing longitudinal cognitive changes, suggesting that tau-related burden precedes neurometabolic dysfunction. While intriguing, the hypothesized mediational relationships require further validation.

Theory-consuming or Theory-producing?: Studying Turkey as a Theory-developing Critical Case

Case studies of Turkey are typically read and cited as narratives of the Turkish case itself, suppliers of case-specific data, or at best, applications of more general theories. They are not perceived as theory-testing, producing, or even informing exercises. While this tendency partly results from the institutional, geographical–cultural, and methodological biases of extant social sciences, scholars may also be to blame for neglecting theory-development or for producing descriptive narratives. How can Turkish Studies scholars successfully contribute to general theory-development in their respective disciplines? The main value of Turkey for producing theory may lie in its rare combination of many qualities and in its temporal and regional variations. Thus, this article argues that, besides small-N and large-N comparative studies, the most promising way Turkish Studies can engage in theory-building may be by examining Turkey as a theory-developing critical case, i.e. as a crucial or, pathway or within-unit comparative case. For this, scholars would carefully design their studies as theory-infirming, theory-confirming, or theory-producing crucial case studies, utilize temporal and cross-sectional comparisons, and pay special attention to causal mechanisms, sequences, and processes. By using evidence from publications that draw on the Turkish case, the article shows that, since the 1990s, scholars have produced more research published in highly ranked journals of comparative politics, international relations and area studies. They also generate more single case studies with general theoretical ambitions and more visibility but so far with unclear actual theoretical impact. The article discusses some qualities of Turkey which make it a promising critical case for theory-development and how studying it this way can also help to achieve a better understanding of Turkey itself.

Troubleshooting blackbox SDN control software with minimal causal sequences

Software bugs are inevitable in software-defined networking control software, and troubleshooting is a tedious, time-consuming task. In this paper we discuss how to improve control software troubleshooting by presenting a technique for automatically identifying a minimal sequence of inputs responsible for triggering a given bug, without making assumptions about the language or instrumentation of the software under test. We apply our technique to five open source SDN control platforms---Floodlight, NOX, POX, Pyretic, ONOS---and illustrate how the minimal causal sequences our system found aided the troubleshooting process.

6.4.1 All for the Want of a Horseshoe Nail: An Examination of Causality in DoDAF/MODAF

AbstractThe title of the paper refers to the proverb of the death of Richard III of England at the Battle of Bosworth Field. “For want of a battle the kingdom was lost, … and all for the want of a horseshoe nail.” The pattern described is called a chain of causality or causal sequence. DoDAF 2.0 contains many concepts that can document these sequences as well as the dynamic elements, feedback loops and influences. This paper will examine a telecommunications scenario and show how DoDAF is used to document and analyze the sequence. System Dynamics, Business Motivational Modeling (BMM), and simulation are also examined. System dynamics is an approach to understanding the behavior of complex systems over time. The Business Motivation Model (BMM) published by the OMG looks at ends, means, goals, and assessments. This will provide decision makers a more effective set of tools to evaluate operational scenarios as a means of improving outcomes. The method for how to attack a problem where causality needs to be revealed is also discussed.

Modeling emotion-creativity interaction following brief training

One form of meditation training, the integrative body-mind training (IBMT) has been shown to improve attention, reduce stress and change self-reports of mood [1]. Here, we examine whether short-term IBMT can improve performance related to creativity and determine the role that mood may play in such improvement using the cross-lagged models. Forty healthy Chinese undergraduates were randomly assigned to short-term IBMT group or a relaxation training (RT) control group. Mood and creativity performance were assessed by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule [2] and Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) [3] respectively. ANOVAs revealed a group (IBMT vs. RT) × session (pre-training vs. post-training) interaction effect [F(1, 37) = 14.853; p < .01] and a session main effect [F(1, 37) = 36.156; p < .01] for TTCT. These results indicated that short-term (30 min per day for 7 days) IBMT improved creativity performance in the divergent thinking task than RT. The ANOVAs also revealed a group (IBMT vs. RT) × session (pre-training vs. post-training) interaction effect and a session main effect for positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) (all p < .01), indicating better emotional regulation than RT. In addition, the cross-lagged models [4] were used to explore the causal sequence between PA score and TTCT score (Figure ​(Figure1A)1A) and between NA score and TTCT score (Figure ​(Figure1B)1B) before and after IBMT training. The synchronous correlations (r PA-before × TTCT-before = .468, r PA-after × TTCT-after = .533; r NA-before × TTCT-before = -.499, r NA-after × TTCT-after = -.633) and the autocorrelations (r PA-before × PA-after = .823, r TTCT-before × TTCT-after = .591; r NA-before × NA-after = .705, r TTCT-before × TTCT-after = .591) were high in magnitude and statistically significant in the non-cross direction, which provides preliminary support for cross-lagged panel correlation. Figure 1 The causal sequence between PA score and TTCT score (A) and between NA score and TTCT score (B) before and after IBMT training. Ellipses indicate measured variables; Arrows depict hypothesized directional or “causal” links/associations; ... As predicted, PA had a positive cross-lagged impact on TTCT, which indicated a causal influence from positive mood changes to the creativity changes in IBMT group but not in RT group. In addition, NA had a negative cross-lagged impact on TTCT, which indicated a causal influence from negative mood changes to the creativity changes in the IBMT group but not in RT group.

25(OH)D serum levels 蠅 50 ng/mL may provide additional reduction in breast cancer risk (628.12)

Higher serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations are associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. Serum levels in the range of 40 to 60 ng/mL could prevent a substantial number of breast cancer cases. This study examined the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and the incidence of breast cancer among women aged 60 years and older. The study included the 771 participants of the GrassrootsHealth cohort who were followed prospectively for a median of 12 months. There were 5 self‐reported incident breast cancer cases within the study period. The median 25(OH)D concentration in this cohort was 50 ng/ml and the median age was 65 years. Four of the five cases had 25(OH)D values below the median for the group as a whole. Cox multivariate regression was used to assess the association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and incidence of breast cancer, adjusting for age. The hazard ratio of breast cancer in participants with a serum 25(OH)D concentration &lt; 50 ng/mL was 5.1 (95% CI=0.56, 45.7) compared to 蠅 50 ng/mL. Body mass index (BMI) was also found to be associated with breast cancer risk. BMI is likely to be in the causal sequence because similar vitamin D intakes result in lower concentrations of serum 25(OH)D in individuals with high BMI compared to leaner individuals. A limitation of this study was that its median 12 month follow‐up limited the possibility of finding statistical significance. The trend in this study suggests that serum 25(OH)D concentrations from 50‐80 ng/mL may provide additional benefit in the prevention of breast cancer.

Construcción y validación de una prueba de procesamiento elaborativo de la información y de habilidades composicionales como alternativa sustitutoria de la subprueba de la aptitud verbal en los exámenes de admisión a la universidad

El tema central de la investigación es la construcción y validación de contenido de una prueba de procesamiento elaborativo de la información, de corte cognitivo, con miras a ser usada en los exámenes de admisión a la universidad y en otras situaciones similares. El procesamiento elaborativo de la información supone las habilidades de comprensión, organización y reorganización de contenidos, al servicio de la optimización de los procesos cognitivos de codificación, almacenamiento y recuperación de la información. Tales habilidades y procesos comprenden. a su vez. las habilidades especificas de clasificación, análisis-síntesis, comparación, contrastación, de discernimiento de niveles de generalidad y de secuencias causales y cronológicas, razonamiento lógico y capacidad argumentativa. La hipótesis de trabajo subyacente en este estudio sostiene que las habilidades que mide la prueba en referencia están más directa y estrechamente relacionadas con el trabajo académico de los estudios universitarios que las habilidades medidas por la subprueba verbal de aptitud académica y que, en consecuencia, su validez predictiva del éxito en los estudios universitarios de cualquier carrera es mayor que la de esta última. La comprobación empírica de la validez predictiva de la Prueba de Procesamiento elaborativo de la Información es materia de otro proyecto de investigación, consistente, básicamente, en un estudio longitudinal o de seguimiento de una muestra de estudiantes de diferentes carreras durante el periodo de su formación profesional.

Toward achieving operational excellence in a cloud

A cloud pools resources such as compute, network, and storage and delivers them quickly and automatically on-demand through software. In addition, it provides automatic and policy-driven management of resources through software. Such a system comprises many components, whose states change rapidly. To manage it effectively, cloud service providers need to clearly understand the behavior of operations across components, and be able to fix errors as early as possible. The task of building such capabilities (referred to as operational excellence) in a cloud system is challenging because components maintain internal state and interact in non-intuitive ways to perform automated operations. In this paper, we discuss the concept of operational excellence for a cloud system, discuss the challenges in achieving the operational excellence, and describe our vision. Toward our vision, we present a set of techniques to determine the causal sequences of system events across distributed components. We also model configured system states using casual sequences of system events, gather observed system states, and continuously verify the configured and observed states across system components. We apply these techniques to study OpenStack®, an open source infrastructure-as-a-service platform.

THE ARGUMENT FROM APPARENT DESIGN

I point out that, though animal bodies and their parts are not sufficiently similar to the products of conscious design to warrant an inference to a supernatural designer of the former things, the proponent of the design argument would be on firmer ground were he to base his inference on the more specific resemblance of well-functioning human eyes and brains to well-functioning cameras and computers. Though I argue that Darwin has not refuted the design argument, I conclude that the design arguer needs to show that there is a first cause in the enormously lengthy causal sequences which have culminated in human eyes and brains.

Neonatal Hypoxia, Hippocampal Atrophy, and Memory Impairment: Evidence of a Causal Sequence

Neonates treated for acute respiratory failure experience episodes of hypoxia. The hippocampus, a structure essential for memory, is particularly vulnerable to such insults. Hence, some neonates undergoing treatment for acute respiratory failure might sustain bilateral hippocampal pathology early in life and memory problems later in childhood. We investigated this possibility in a cohort of 40 children who had been treated neonatally for acute respiratory failure but were free of overt neurological impairment. The cohort had mean hippocampal volumes (HVs) significantly below normal control values, memory scores significantly below the standard population means, and memory quotients significantly below those predicted by their full scale IQs. Brain white matter volume also fell below the volume of the controls, but brain gray matter volumes and scores on nonmnemonic neuropsychological tests were within the normal range. Stepwise linear regression models revealed that the cohort's HVs were predictive of degree of memory impairment, and gestational age at treatment was predictive of HVs: the younger the age, the greater the atrophy. We conclude that many neonates treated for acute respiratory failure sustain significant hippocampal atrophy as a result of the associated hypoxia and, consequently, show deficient memory later in life.

Influences of Work-Family Interface on Job and Life Satisfaction

Research investigating the relationship between family and work domains, according to a reductionist approach, has traditionally focused on the negative aspects of the work-family relationship. However, over the past 15 years a number of studies have also focused on the positive aspects of family and work relationships and on the interactions between the work-family interface and outcomes such as job and life satisfaction. These research studies have made it possible to capture different facets of the relationship between family and working life, and to clarify the specific nature of these interactions. In the present study, we tested a model that included positive and negative interactions between work and family as predictors of job and life satisfaction. We also examined the role of some of the potential moderators (work engagement, organizational and family support) of these relationships, using a sample of 427 Italian employees working in public administration. In our analysis, we first tested the factorial structure of the work-family interface measure (Kinnunen et al. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 47, 149–162 2006). Factor analysis confirmed a four-factor model: negative work-to-family interface, negative family-to-work interface, positive work-to-family interface, and positive family-to-work interface. Secondly, we analyzed the relationship between the work-family interface, job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Path analysis showed that the factors involved in the work-family interface influenced directly and indirectly life satisfaction, job satisfaction and work engagement. This analysis also showed that work engagement had a direct strong effect on job satisfaction and a direct weaker effect on life satisfaction. This pattern of findings is consistent with a causal sequence in which the work-family interface (WIF) and family-work interface (FIW) can increase or reduce a satisfaction-specific domain. Our results highlight the importance of using a theoretical and empirical model that integrates and focuses on both the positive and negative aspects of the work-family relationship. Moreover, this pattern demonstrates the potential consequences of this influence on employees’ working life and general well-being.