Caudal Mesenteric Artery Research Articles

Influence of Cold-Induced Increases in Sympathetic Nerve Activity on Norepinephrine Content in the Vasculature of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), we have examined both the endogenous norepinephrine (NE) contents of caudal arteries, mesenteric arteries and cardiac tissue as well as the rates of decline of NE in these tissues after inhibition of NE synthesis. The endogenous NE contents of caudal and mesenteric arteries from SHR rats were greater than those from WKY rats. In contrast, the NE contents of hearts from SHR and WKY rats were similar. After synthesis inhibition with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (300 mg/kg i.p.), the NE contents of hearts and mesenteric arteries decreased in a monoexponential fashion. The rates of decline of NE were similar for corresponding tissues from SHR and WKY rats. Cold stress, reported to selectively activate sympathetic discharge, did not influence the rates of decline of NE in mesenteric arteries of either SHR or WKY animals. In contrast, cold exposure dramatically accelerated the rate of decline of NE in cardiac tissue from both SHR and WKY rats. It is concluded that in mesenteric arteries from SHR rats there is a larger pool of NE with turnover characteristics not dissimilar from that prevailing in vessels from normotensive animals. The failure of cold stress to modify the rates of decline of NE in mesenteric and caudal arteries of SHR and WKY rats suggests that these arteries are under considerable sympathetic influence at ambient temperature. The results support the view that the hypernoradrenergic innervation found in SHR blood vessels, together with normal functioning of the sympathetic nervous system, may have the potential for producing a heightened peripheral vascular resistance in this model.

Sobre a origem incomum das artérias ováricas em fetos de bovinos azebuados

In a study concerning the pattern of the coeliac, cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries, the AA. have observed a uncommon case of origin of the ovarian arteries.

Contribuição ao estudo da origem e ramificação das artérias mesentéricas cranial e caudal, em fetos de bovinos azebuados

Reminding that the anatomical data in bovines usually regard european breeds (Bos taurus) we preposed to study now the pattern of the mesenteric arteries in zebu cattle (Bos indicus). Thus we have dissected 30 foetuses (15 males and 15 females) which were injected with Neoprene latex 450 and fixed in formol solution (10%). The results obtained permit the following conclusions: 1) the cranial mesenteric artery arises from the abdominal aorta artery just after the colic artery or in common trunk with this and give up the following branches: adrenal artery, diaphagmatic artery, artery to the adjacent connective tissue, pancreatic artery, caudal pancreatic duodenal artery, median colic artery, which anastomoses with the left colic artery, that derives from the caudal mesenteric artery; other branches are the jejunal arteries which form anastomotic arcades, the collateral branch, ileocecocolic artery which give up colic branches and ileal and cecal arteries and then it fmishs by anastomoses with these vessels and with the collateral branch and the jejunal arteries. The caudal mesenteric artery arises from the abdominal aorta artery near of its terminal branches; it gives up the left colic artery and following as cranial retal artery.

Early portal anaerobic bacteremia in mesenteric ischemia.

The progressive changes in colonic flora and the pattern of bacterial invasion of extracolonic sites were studied in a canine ischemic colon preparation. After 72 hours of colonic ischemia produced by ligation of the common colic and caudal mesenteric arteries, the total number of anaerobic organisms increased, with a concomitant decrease in aerobic organisms within the colon lumen. After 24 hours of ischemia, anaerobic bacteria only appeared in the portal vein and persisted. Aortic blood and peritoneal fluid cultures became positive after 48 hours with the same organisms. Polymicrobial intra-abdominal abscess and systemic Escherichia coli bacteremia occurred only in one animal with necrotic colonic disruption. Acute colonic ischemia promotes an overgrowth of intraluminal anaerobic bacteria, which penetrate the mucosal barrier and progressively invade the portal vein and, later, the systemic circulation.

ARTERIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA IN THE GOAT, DOG, PIG, AND RABBIT

Arteriographic anatomy of the major branches of the abdominal aorta of rabbits, dogs, pigs, and goats was investigated. The origin and location of the celiac, cranial mesenteric, right renal, left renal, caudal mesenteric, and external iliac arteries were demonstrated, and their placement was described in relation to the iliac bifurcation and lumbar vertebral bodies.

Evidence that cell bodies of non-cholinergic, excitatory neurones which supply the smooth muscle of the chicken rectum are located in the ganglia of Remak's nerve.

1. A pharmacological investigation of the distribution of non-cholinergic excitatory nerve cell bodies was performed on the chicken's isolated perfused rectum with attached Remak's nerve supply. 2. Electrical stimulation of Remak's nerve trunk produced a contraction and a discharge of action potentials in the nerve branches which supply the smooth muscle of the rectum. Both responses were virtually blocked by hexamethonium when applied via the caudal mesenteric artery. 3. The contractile effect following stimulation of the nerve trunk was inhibited more effectively by hexamethonium when application was restricted to the trunk rather than to the intestine. 4. The contractile effect of stimulating the nerve branches was unaffected by hexamethonium. 5. It is concluded that ganglionic transmission, which is mediated by nicotinic receptors, occurs in the ganglia of Remak's nerve but not in ganglia of the enteric plexuses. Therefore, cell bodies of the postganglionic neurones which are considered to be non-cholinergic are located in Remak's nerve ganglia.

Evidence that adrenaline is released from adrenergic neurones in the rectum of the fowl.

1 The rectum isolated from the fowl was perfused with Tyrode solution via the caudal mesenteric artery. Noradrenaline and adrenaline were biologically or fluorimetrically assayed in perfusates collected before and during stimulation of Remak's nerve or of the periarterial nerves.2 Perfusates collected during nerve stimulation relaxed the chick rectum and rat stomach strips which served as assay tissues. This effect was attributed to the action of noradrenaline or adrenaline released from adrenergic nerve endings which appeared in the perfusates.3 Perfusates obtained during stimulation (30 Hz for 60 s) of Remak's nerve contained both noradrenaline and adrenaline when measured fluorimetrically. The mean output per stimulus train was 0.8 +/- 0.2 ng/g wet wt. tissue for noradrenaline and 1.7 +/- 0.2 ng/g wet wt. tissue for adrenaline (n = 7). Perfusates obtained during stimulation (30 Hz for 60 s) of the periarterial nerves contained noradrenaline in a concentration of 1.6 +/- 0.3 ng/g wet wt. tissue per stimulus train, but almost no adrenaline (n = 7).4 Neither stimulation of Remak's nerve nor the periarterial nerves liberated catecholamines when the rectum was perfused with Tyrode solution containing low Ca(2+) (0.1 mM) and high Mg(2+) (10 mM).5 Infusion of high potassium solution (50 mM) increased markedly the output of noradrenaline and adrenaline.6 Adrenaline as well as noradrenaline may function as the adrenergic neurotransmitter in the rectum of the fowl.

Vascular obstruction of ureter after transureteroureterostomy

Transureteroureterostomy in 6 dogs with the ureter transposed to cross the arterial notch between the caudal (inferior) mesenteric artery and aorta did not -result in vascular induced ureteral obstruction.

Lysine-vasopressin: Hemodynamic effects in the anesthetized dog

Vasopressin (ADH) is known to reduce secretin-stimulated pancreatic exocrine secretion. The present study attempts to relate this inhibitory effect to the vasoconstrictive potency of ADH. Regional blood flow in most of the vascular areas. The greatest reduction in blood flow was seen in the gastrointestinal area especially in the left gastric artery, cranial and caudal pancreaticoduodenal arteries, as well as the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries. Renal blood flow was not altered by those concentrations of ADH that reduced gastrointestinal blood flow. ADH reduced pancreaticoduodenal blood flow in concentrations comparable to those concentrations that reduced pancreatic secretory flow. The reduction of gastrointestinal blood flow was due to increased impedance and not to diminished cardiac inotropy.

Ischaemic colitis in the experimental animal. I. Comparison of the effects of acute and subacute vascular occlusion.

Acute ligation of the common colic and caudal mesenteric artery in the dog led to ischaemic colitis, whereas the acute ligation of the common colic artery and gradual occlusion of the caudal mesenteric artery by an ameroid plastic device did not lead to ischaemic disease. These findings suggest that the collateral blood vessels do not open up rapidly enough to prevent ischaemic change when the two major arteries are acutely ligated.

Contribuição ao estudo da ramificação das artérias mesentéricas cranial e caudal em saguis (Callithrix jacchus)

The origin, branching and distribution of the cranial and caudal mesenterics arteries were studied in 20 marmosets (Callithrix jacchus),10 males and 10 females. The results allow the following conclusions: 1) The cranial mesenteric artery gives, at first, the middle collic artery and the trunk of the intestinal and ileocecocolic artery and the trunk of the intestinal arteries and ileocecocolic artery, in 10 (50.0% ± 11.2)from the specimens examined. 2) The cranial, mesenteric artery gives only the intestinal arteries and the ileocecocolic artery in 5 (25.0% ± 6.7) from the animals studied,. 3) The cranial mesenteric artery gives only the intestinal arteries and ileocecal artery in 2 (10.0% ± 6.7) from the marmosets examined. 4) The cranial mesenteric artery gives, by order, the intestinal arteries and trunk formed by middle colic and ileocecocolic arteries in 2 (10.0% ± 6.7) from the cases studied. 5) The cranial, mesenteric artery gives, at first the middle colic artery and then two trunks formed, respectively in by cecal and right colic arteries and by intestinal, and ileal arteries in I (5 .0% ± 4.9) from the pieces examined. 6) The caudal mesenteric artery ever gives the left colic and cranial hemorrhoidal arteries.