Age Of Cattle Research Articles

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Brucellosis, Toxoplasmosis, and Neosporosis Among Yanbian Yellow Cattle in Jilin Province, China.

Brucellosis and Toxoplasmosis are important zoonotic diseases, and Neospora caninum is a parasite causing disease in cattle and other animals. Brucella spp. and N. caninum can cause abortions in cattle, and Toxoplasmosis is a relevant cause of abortion for small ruminants, resulting in economic loses to farmers. In this study, from July 2015 to April 2017, a total of 535 Yanbian yellow cattle blood samples were collected from 3 cities in Jilin Province, China. We detected the frequency of N. caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Brucella spp. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, indirect hemagglutination assay, and real-time PCR methods, respectively. The frequency of Brucella was 7.7% (41/535), and the seroprevalences of N. caninum and T. gondii were 6.2% (33/535) and 5.0% (27/535), respectively. The region, gender, and age of Yanbian yellow cattle were considered as risk factors when analyzed using a logistic regression model. These findings provide the foundation for the prevention and control of infection by these pathogens in Yanbian yellow cattle and humans.

Prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases in cattle of West Bengal, India

ABSTRACTThe aim of present study was to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases (TBHD) infecting cattle of West Bengal, India. A total of 310 cattle were screened randomly by blood smear examination from July 2015 to June 2016. The prevalence was recorded in the context of sex and age of cattle and seasonal changes. The overall prevalence of TBHD was 34.84% and the prevalent species of haemoparasites were Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasma spp. in cattle of West Bengal. The prevalence of Theileria sp. (22.9%) was significantly (p < 0.01) higher compared to Babesia sp. (5.8%) and Anaplasma sp. (11.93%). Mixed infection with two or more species was also recorded in about 5.8% of cattle in the present study. No significant difference was observed between the male (32.14%) and female cattle (35.43%). Significantly (p < 0.05) higher infection (49.07%) was recorded in adult cattle (>3 years of age) compared to young-adult (1–3 years age; 20.68%) and younger animals (<1 year age; 16.66%). Season-wise highest prevalence was recorded in summer (45.54%) followed by monsoon (40.74%) and lowest in winter (25.8%). The results of the present study might be exploited for formulating control strategy for the management of TBHDs in cattle of West Bengal.

Bovine upper alimentary squamous cell carcinoma associated with bracken fern poisoning: Clinical-pathological aspects and etiopathogenesis of 100 cases.

Upper digestive tract (UDT) cancer is rare in cattle, however in Southern Brazil, the UDT squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are relatively common and have been associated with bracken fern consumption and the presence of papillomas. Although a theory of pathogenesis considers bovine papillomavirus type 4 (BPV-4) as a cofactor in the development of these SCCs, some aspects of the etiopathogenesis of this disease need to be more investigated. In fact, detection of BPV-4 in UDT papillomas is scarce in other regions of the world and has not been performed in Brazil. Therefore, this study had two aims: 1) to analyze the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of 100 natural cases of SCCs in the UDT of cattle grazing on bracken fern (Pteridium arachnoideum) highly contaminated areas, investigating the associations between these parameters; and 2) to investigate the presence of papillomavirus DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the UDT papillomas (n = 47) from 30 cattle that also had UDT SCCs. There were statistically significant associations between clinical signs and tumor localization in the UDT; between histological grade of differentiation and tumor localization; and a trend towards significant association between histological grade of differentiation and presence of metastases. The average age of cattle with oropharyngeal SCCs was 7.39 years, with statistically significant difference comparing to cattle with esophageal SCCs (8.6 years). No statistical association was observed among other clinical-pathological parameters (growth pattern and primary site of the tumor) analyzed. No BPV DNA was detected in papillomas by PCR. Therefore, these results suggest the possibility that papillomas of the UDT are not necessarily associated with BPV infection.

Association of plasma microRNA expression with age, genetic background and functional traits in dairy cattle

A number of blood circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are proven disease biomarkers and have been associated with ageing and longevity in multiple species. However, the role of circulating miRNAs in livestock species has not been fully studied. We hypothesise that plasma miRNA expression profiles are affected by age and genetic background, and associated with health and production traits in dairy cattle. Using PCR arrays, we assessed 306 plasma miRNAs for effects of age (calves vs mature cows) and genetic background (control vs select lines) in 18 animals. We identified miRNAs which were significantly affected by age (26 miRNAs) and genetic line (5 miRNAs). Using RT-qPCR in a larger cow population (n = 73) we successfully validated array data for 12 age-related miRNAs, one genetic line-related miRNA, and utilised expression data to associate their levels in circulation with functional traits in these animals. Plasma miRNA levels were associated with telomere length (ageing/longevity indicator), milk production and composition, milk somatic cell count (mastitis indicator), fertility, lameness, and blood metabolites linked with body energy balance and metabolic stress. In conclusion, circulating miRNAs could provide useful selection markers for dairy cows to help improve health, welfare and production performance.

Seroprevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Neospora caninum in cattle in the southern Kyushu region of Japan

Cryptosporidium parvum and Neospora caninum are common parasites in domesticated cattle worldwide, including in Japan. We carried out a serological survey to detect C. parvum and N. caninum infection among cattle in the southern Kyushu region of Japan—including the small islands—by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on recombinant antigens. We found that total seropositivity in 570 Japanese black cattle was 96.3% for C. parvum and 18.4% for N. caninum. Although seroprevalence was correlated with cattle age, differences in the seroprevalence of C. parvum among age groups were not statistically significant. On the other hand, N. caninum seroprevalence increased with age, suggesting horizontal transmission through ingestion of food or water contaminated with oocysts. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring C. parvum and N. caninum in cattle and implementing measures to prevent the spread of infection to other livestock and to humans.

PARÂMETROS E TENDÊNCIAS GENÉTICAS PARA CARACTERÍSTICAS PRODUTIVAS DE BOVINOS DA RAÇA NELORE

Resumo A região Centro-Oeste tem se destacado como produtora de carne bovina e, para tanto, produzir com eficiência tem sido a meta dos produtores. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se estimar parâmetros e tendências genéticas para pesos aos 240 (P240) e 420 (P420) dias de idade em bovinos da raça Nelore, criados na região de Goiás, Brasil. Utilizaram-se 48.580 dados para P240 e 28.685 para P420. Os parâmetros genéticos foram obtidos por análises univariadas em que o modelo continha os efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos (estação de nascimento - águas e seca -, ano de nascimento, sexo e fazenda) e a covariável idade da vaca. Como efeito aleatório, utilizou-se o efeito aditivo direto e materno para P240 e apenas direto para P420. As tendências genéticas foram obtidas por meio da análise de regressão do valor genético do animal sobre ano de nascimento. Os resultados obtidos de herdabilidade direta foram 0,15 ± 0,02 para P240 e 0,24 ± 0,00 para P420. O ganho genético anual foi de 0,274 kg para P240 e de 0,506 kg P420. Os resultados indicam a possibilidade de se obterem maiores ganhos genéticos por meio da seleção, que está sendo mais eficiente sobre o P420.

Meta-analysis of prevalence of bovine herpes virus 1 in cattle in Mainland China

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), an important pathogen of cattle, can cause severe clinical syndromes including respiratory disease, genital disease, and late-term abortions, as well as neurological and systemic disease in cattle. For assessing the prevalence of BHV-1 infection in mainland China, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched English and Chinese literature databases for published paper regarding the prevalence of BHV-1 in cattle in China from inception to May 20, 2018. Search strings included if they reported the cattle samples of more than 30 cattle and provided information that allowed us to establish the prevalence of BHV-1. Moreover, we excluded repeated studies, reviews, other hosts studies, as well as studies with inconsistent data, incomplete information or only provided prevalence data, and out of mainland China data. We extracted how many cattle have BHV-1 infection from the obtained studies, moreover, and calculated pooled prevalence of BHV-1 infection in cattle. The data of 41 articles (including data on 43,441 cattle) are compliant with the standards. The pooled prevalence of BHV-1 in cattle in China was 40%, the pooled prevalence of BHV-1 in cattle from Northeast China (24%) was significant lower than those from other regions. In addition, the prevalence of BHV-1 was associated with publication time of paper, detection methods, age of cattle, and clinical symptoms (pneumonia, abortion etc.).Our findings suggest that BHV-1 is common in cattle in mainland China. It is necessary to monitor the prevalence of BHV-1 in cattle and the powerful and effective regulatory measures should be taken out to prevent the spread of BHV-1.

Cattle selectivity by leopards suggests ways to mitigate human-leopard conflict.

Addressing widespread livestock losses to carnivores requires information on which livestock categories are preferentially selected. We analyzed an individual‐based database of cattle grazing in forest (n = 932) and having been killed (n = 70) by leopards (Panthera pardus) in the Hyrcanian forest, Iran. We calculated Jacobs’ selectivity index for cattle age, sex, and coloration across four scales: the study area as a whole, three sites, nine villages, and 60 cattle owners. Naturally colored cattle were significantly preferred by leopards at all scales in comparison with black and black‐and‐white cattle, and there was also a preference for males and juveniles at the study area level. More research is needed to see whether cattle losses would decrease if the share of naturally colored individuals in local holdings was reduced and males and juveniles had limited access to forest. We conclude that phenotypic and biologic characteristics of livestock can affect depredation and appeal for more research in this direction, particularly within the predator–prey framework.

Cross-sectional prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in cattle in Lira District, Uganda.

The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasite infections and associated risk factors was studied in traditionally reared East African short-horned zebu cattle in Lira District, Uganda. Fecal samples were collected from 205 cattle and coprologically examined for the presence of helminth parasites using the simple salt flotation method complemented with the sedimentation method. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites (GITPs) in cattle in Adekokwok, Lira District, was 32.2%. Of these, 12 (18.18%) were cases of mixed infections mainly of Amphistomes and other GITPs. Paramphistomum was the most prevalent parasite contributing up to 45.5% of infections, followed by Fasciola, Toxocara, strongyles, Trichuris, and Nematodirus, in descending order of abundance. GITP infections were not influenced by the sex of cattle, while infection with Toxocara was associated with cattle age. The mean body condition score (BCS) for all animals studied was 2.37 ± 0.07. A low BCS was associated with gastrointestinal helminth infections. Nevertheless, other factors such as nutritional stress are likely to augment the effects of parasites in the traditional agro-pastoral system particularly in the dry season and should therefore be considered when using the cattle body condition as an indicator of parasitism.

Seroprevalence of brucellosis and Q fever (Coxiellosis) in cattle herds in Maigana and Birnin Gwari agro-ecological zone of Kaduna State, Nigeria.

A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis and Q fever in cattle in Maigana and Birnin Gwari agro-ecological zone of Kaduna State, Nigeria. This study aimed at determining the significance of Brucella spp. and Coxiella burnetti infections in cattle. A total of 400 sera samples (139 from males and 261 from females cattle) were collected and screened for brucellosis using Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for brucellosis and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) for Q fever. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the sampled animals from the study population. Data were analyzed to determine association and risk factors. Sera analysis revealed that, 18.5 and 6.8% were seropositive by RBPT and cELISA for brucellosis, while 6.2% was seropositive by iELISA for Q fever. A significant association was detected between cattle sex and sensitivity of RBPT for detecting Brucella. Meanwhile, a non-significant association was found between cattle age and breed with sensitivity of RBPT, cELISA, and iELISA. The study indicates that brucellosis and Q ever exist with high prevalence particularly among female cattle. This presents a serious public health problem, calling for greater awareness among stakeholders and for co-ordinated surveillance for the diseases among cattle populations in Nigeria.

Prevalence of Brucellosis in Sindh Pakistan

Background: Brucellosis is a bacterial disease caused by genus brucella. Bovine brucellosis affects cattle, sheep & goats, camels, equines, dogs and may also infects other animals. The disease in animals is characterized by abortion in last trimester and reproductive failure. All ages of cattle are susceptible, and infection can last for many years. Infected males develop epididymitis, orchitis and testicular abscesses. In humans, brucellosis can be caused by B. abortus, B. melitensis, B.suis (biovars 1-4) and rarely B. canis. The major losses caused by brucellosis are; decreased milk production, weight loss, calf mortality, infertility and lameness.

Biosecurity measures on cattle farms

The aim of implementing biosecurity measures on cattle farms is: a) to preserve a high health status of animals by protecting them from new and existing pathogens and b) to ensure the production of safe food. General biosecurity measures should be implemented in any farm regardless of any specific problem. In "open" herds, where cattle have contact with animals from different farms (purchase of breeding animals, participation in cattle shows, common pastures etc) more strict biosecurity measures (i.e., isolation of in-coming animals, clinical examinations, laboratory tests, vaccinations) should be implemented. Therefore, "closed" herds present significant advantages in terms of health management. Moreover, all farms must apply control-restriction measures for visitors and vehicles as well as control and protection measures for feedstuffs and water. Animals of other species (farm or companion animals) should not be kept on the farm, whereas the entry of stray and wild animals must be prevented. Planned control measures for insects, rodents and wild birds are imperative. Management practices, such as grouping according to the age of cattle, but avoiding mixing young with older animals, should be combined with high housing standards, including proper ventilation and frequent manure removal. The implementation of the "all-in, all-ouf principle, whenever possible, as well as proper disinfections, are necessary to eliminate the distribution of pathogens within the farm. Dangerous chemicals and veterinary products must be kept in designated areas. Appropriate nutrition and avoidance of stress will boost the immune system of cattle. On the other hand, genetic selection, based on specific genetic indexes, will increase disease resistance. Moreover, proper manure handling and storage reduces the danger of disease transmission. The aim of specific biosecurity programmes is to confront specific health hazards on farm. Such programmes are developed according to the risk analysis methodology, which comprises risk assessment, risk management and risk communication. Both veterinarians and farmers give priority to problems that are related with farm profitability, public health and animal welfare. Grouping health problems by some of their common characteristics, allows a simultaneous approach, without extra effort. Overall, the lack of professional attitude by farmers, the defective design and development, as well as the inadequate organization of Greek cattle farms, are the main obstacles in implementing biosecurity measures. But, part of the responsibility lies on the veterinary profession as well; lack of training and motivation is the most probable explanation.

Lungworm in cattle: epidemiology, pathology and immunobiology

The bovine lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus, causes disease in all ages of cattle and in addition to having a self-evident effect on animal welfare, it can have a considerable economic impact at farm level, even with subclinical infections. While most clinical cases are seen in cattle at pasture from July until housing, occasional outbreaks occur in housed cattle that have been infected previously at grass, or occasionally from infections acquired from forage or low-level cycling in straw yards. While the overall seasonal pattern of infection is consistent over large temporal and spatial scales, there is marked year-to-year and within season variability in the number of cases seen at both regional and farm levels. This relative unpredictability can bring uncertainty to decisions on control. In order to be able to provide sound, evidence-based advice on treatment and control to farmers, it is important that clinicians grasp important, practically relevant aspects of lungworm biology, pathology, immunity and epidemiology: the aim of this article is to do just that. A second article describes and analyses the options for prevention and treatment of husk, based on this knowledge.

Predicting Madura cattle growth curve using non-linear model

Madura cattle is Indonesian native. It is a composite breed that has undergone hundreds of years of selection and domestication to reach nowadays remarkable uniformity. Crossbreeding has reached the isle of Madura and the Madrasin, a cross between Madura cows and Limousine semen emerged. This paper aimed to compare the growth curve between Madrasin and one type of pure Madura cows, the common Madura cattle (Madura) using non-linear models. Madura cattles are kept traditionally thus reliable records are hardly available. Data were collected from small holder farmers in Madura. Cows from different age classes (<6 months, 6-12 months, 1-2years, 2-3years, 3-5years and >5years) were observed, and body measurements (chest girth, body length and wither height) were taken. In total 63 Madura and 120 Madrasin records obtained. Linear model was built with cattle sub-populations and age as explanatory variables. Body weights were estimated based on the chest girth. Growth curves were built using logistic regression. Results showed that within the same age, Madrasin has significantly larger body compared to Madura (p<0.05). The logistic models fit better for Madura and Madrasin cattle data; with the estimated MSE for these models were 39.09 and 759.28 with prediction accuracy of 99 and 92% for Madura and Madrasin, respectively. Prediction of growth curve using logistic regression model performed well in both types of Madura cattle. However, attempts to administer accurate data on Madura cattle are necessary to better characterize and study these cattle.

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale amongst transhumant cattle in north-eastern Uganda

There is little molecular data from Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale isolates from cattle in Uganda. Between November 2013 and January 2014, blood was collected from 240 cattle in 20 randomly-selected herds in two districts of the Karamoja Region in north-eastern Uganda. A duplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was used to detect and determine the prevalence of A. marginale (targeting the msp1β gene) and A. centrale (targeting the groEL gene). The qPCR assay revealed that most cattle (82.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 78.2–87.7%) were positive for A. marginale DNA, while fewer cattle (12.1%; 95% CI 7.9–16.2%) were positive for A. centrale DNA. A mixed effects logistic regression model showed that the age of cattle was significantly associated with A. centrale infection, while the prevalence of A. marginale varied significantly according to locality. The near full-length 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene and the heat shock protein gene, groEL, for both Anaplasma species were amplified from a selection of samples. The amplicons were cloned and the resulting recombinants sequenced. We found three novel A. marginale 16S rRNA variants, seven A. marginale groEL gene sequence variants and two A. centrale groEL gene sequence variants. Phylogenetic trees were inferred from sequence alignments of the 16S rRNA gene and GroEL amino acid sequences determined here and published sequences using maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and parsimony methods Phylogenetic analyses classified the 16S rRNA gene and GroEL amino acid sequences into one clade for A. marginale and a separate clade for A. centrale. This study reveals a high prevalence and sequence variability of A. marginale and A. centrale, and is the first report on the phylogenetic characterisation of A. marginale and A. centrale from cattle in Uganda using molecular markers. Sequence variation can be attributed to mobile pastoralism, communal grazing and grazing with wildlife. These data support future epidemiological investigations for bovine anaplasmosis in Uganda.

Carcass Production of Cattle Slaughtered at Salatiga City Slaughter House, Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the breed, age, sex, slaughter weight, carcass weight, and carcass percentage of cattle which was slaughtered at Slaughter House in Salatiga, Central Java. The materials used in the study were 156 head of catlle. The sampling used was incidental sampling to identify the breed, age, sex, slaughter weight and carcass weight. The data gathered were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that the sex of all the cattle slaughtered were male. The breeds of the cattle were Frisian Holstein Grade (70.51%), Simmental (15.38+3.21), Simmental-Ongole Grade (5.13%), and Limousine-Ongole Grade (5.77%). The average age of the cattle were 2.34 year old, with an average of slaughter weight of 529.34 kg, while the averages of carcass weight were 277.61 kg. The average of carcass percentage was as high as 52.56%. The conclusion of the study was the highest number of breeds of the cattle slaughtered at Slaughter House in Salatiga were young Frisian Holstein, the body weights were included in large frame score, and the carcass percentage were moderate.

Rumen protozoa of different ages of beef cattle raised in tropical pastures during the dry season

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to quantify, identify and compare the protozoa populations in the rumen of different ages of beef cattle raised in tropical pastures during the dry season. We sampled the ruminal fluid of 36 steers, 34 cows and 30 calves, all crossbred Nelore. The ruminal fluid was diluted in 10% formaldehyde solution and decimal dilutions were prepared in saline solution to quantify small, medium and large protozoa in Sedgewick Rafter chamber. A total of 135,800 protozoa were evaluated in an optical microscope using Lugol’s iodine coloration and the genera were classified according to the morphological characteristics. Total protozoa populations were significantly lower in calf samples. The average of small protozoa population was higher than that of other protozoa groups while the large ciliate population was lower. Protozoa belonging to 17 different genera were identified, showing diversity in this ecosystem. Charonina spp. was the most frequent for both bovine groups. Entodinium spp. was more prevalent in adult cattle and while Buetschilia spp. was more prevalent in calves. In this study, a considerable population of ruminal ciliates presenting high diversity was observed in cattle raised on tropical lignified pastures and their genus profile varied according to the ages of the animals.

Evidence for increasing digestive and metabolic efficiency of energy utilization with age of dairy cattle as determined in two feeding regimes

The changes taking place with age in energy turnover of dairy cattle are largely unknown. It is unclear whether the efficiency of energy utilization in digestion (characterized by faecal and methane energy losses) and in metabolism (characterized by urine and heat energy losses) is altered with age. In the present study, energy balance data were obtained from 30 lactating Brown Swiss dairy cows aged between 2 and 10 years, and 12 heifers from 0.5 to 2 years of age. In order to evaluate a possible dependence of age effects on diet type, half of the cattle each originated from two herds kept at the same farm, which were fed either on a forage-only diet or on the same forage diet but complemented with 5 kg/day of concentrate since their first calving. During 2 days, the gaseous exchange of the animals was quantified in open-circuit respiration chambers, followed by an 8-day period of feed, faeces, urine and milk collection. Daily amounts and energy contents were used to calculate complete energy balances. Age and feeding regime effects were analysed by parametric regression analysis where BW, milk yield and hay proportion in forage as consumed were considered as covariates. Relative to intake of gross energy, the availability of metabolizable energy (ME) increased with age. This was not the result of an increasing energy digestibility, but of proportionately lower energy losses with methane (following a curvilinear relationship with the greatest losses in middle-aged cows) and urine (continuously declining). The efficiency of utilization of ME for milk production (kl) increased with age. Potential reasons include an increase in the propionate-to-acetate ratio in the rumen because of a shift away from fibre degradation and methane formation as well as lower urine energy losses. The greater kl allowed older cows to accrete more energy reserves in the body. As expected, offering concentrate enhanced digestibility, metabolizability and metabolic utilization of energy. Age and feeding regime did not interact significantly. In conclusion, older cows seem to have digestive and metabolic strategies to use dietary energy to a certain degree more efficiently than younger cows.

Global beef cattle methane emissions: yield prediction by cluster and meta-analyses

Methane yield values (MY; g methane/kg dry-matter intake) in beef cattle reported in the global literature (expanded MitiGate database of methane-mitigation studies) were analysed by cluster and meta-analyses. The Ward and k means cluster analyses included accounting for the categorical effects of methane measurement method, cattle breed type, country or region of study, age and sex of cattle, and proportion of grain in the diet and the standardised continuous variables of number of animals, liveweight and MY. After removal of data from outlier studies, meta-analyses were conducted on subsets of data to produce prediction equations for MY. Removing outliers with absolute studentised residual values of &gt;1, followed by meta-analysis of data accounting for categorical effects, is recommended as a method for predicting MY. The large differences among some countries in MY values were significant but difficult to interpret. On the basis of the datasets available, a single, global MY or percentage of gross energy in feed converted to methane (Ym) value is not appropriate for use in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) greenhouse accounting methods around the world. Therefore, ideally country-specific MY values should be used in each country’s accounts (i.e. an IPCC Tier 2 or 3 approach) from data generated within that country.

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus seroprevalence and risk factors in feedlot cattle from Córdoba and Santa Fe, Argentina

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the causative agents of respiratory disease in cattle all over the world, leading to important economic losses. The aim of this work was to determine the seroprevalence of BRSV in feedlot cattle of Argentina and the risk factors associated with the disease. Results showed a high individual seroprevalence of 78.64% (95% confidence interval adjusted [CI]=66.55–90.75%) against the virus. Positive association was found between the presence of high BRSV neutralizing antibody titers, and the following risk factors: cattle age, source of animals, presence of clinical respiratory signs and herd size. This work contributes to updating the understanding of its epidemiology in Argentinean feedlots and poses the need for reevaluating vaccination strategies against this virus in order to control infection and its impact on productivity.