Cat Head Research Articles

Clinical perioperative outcomes in 39 cats after single session bilateral femoral head and neck excision.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the perioperative outcomes and complications of single session bilateral femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) in cats for treatment of bilateral coxofemoral joint disease. The medical records of cats undergoing a single session bilateral FHNE were identified and the history, signalment, diagnosis, surgery reports, anesthetic records, postoperative radiographs, postoperative examinations, complications and outcomes were recorded. A total of 39 cats undergoing a single session bilateral FHNE were included. Bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis was the most commonly diagnosed etiology. All cats were discharged within 48 h of the procedure. One major complication and five minor complications were reported. All but one cat returned to normal activity and no owners reported concerns after the 2-week postoperative recheck. Single session bilateral FHNE is a viable surgical option for the treatment of bilateral coxofemoral disease in cats that results in a quick return to function, especially when other options are not indicated, available or affordable.

Elite of «Loufan» tribe lived on the Ordos plateau and its connections with Zhao and Qin states

In the late 20 century, archaeologists discovered some burial sites of the barbarian elite in the Ordos Plateau dated to 3rd century BC (late Warring States period). Among them Aluchaideng, Sigoupan M2 and Nalingaotu tombs contained burial goods made of precious metals in the style of Pazyryk and Sagly cultures in Altai-Sayan mountain region. There were finials with figures of an upstanding eagle and a hoofed eagle-headed deer-horned phantastic animal with bird heads at the tips of its horns (“hoofed griffin”), a torc with lying animals facing each other. Other items with ‘hoofed griffin’ images and images of a griffin with deer horns and feline body were collected here. There were also ornaments with images of a ram with the twisted body wrapped around its head, ‘swirling’ griffinheads, rooster heads, waterfowls, full-face ‘smiling’ cat heads, flame-shaped figures with ‘commas’ inside. All of the above mentioned artifacts and images have exclusive analogies in Pazyryk culture. As far back as in 1999, the author suggested that the elite of Ordos nomads of 3rd century BC constituted common religious and, possibly, ethnic unity with the Pazyryk people. New discoveries of Pazyryk culture kurgans in the south of Mongolian Altai support a idea that the Ordos part of the Pazyryk people might have connected with Mountain Altai directly via Alashan and Transaltai Gobi stony deserts bypassing foreign peoples of Mongolian Plateau and the Hexi Corridor. According to Shiji, people (or its elite) occupying the Ordos Plateau since 4th–3rd up to late 2nd centuries BC were known by the name “Loufan”, and in early 3rd century BC the Loufan people were controlled by the state of Zhao. As the written sources and archaeological evidence suggest, in the 3rd century BC, the north-east part of the Ordos Plateau (where the burials in question are located) was the area claimed by Zhao and Qin states; therefore, the barbarian tribes of the north-east of the Ordos Plateau should have been closely intertwined with these states. These relations are proven by Pazyryk-Ordos style artifacts manufactured in Qin and Zhao and found in barbarian tombs, as well as similar objects discovered in the Qin, Zhao and Yan territories. In Sigoupan M2 tomb were found such items bearing Chinese inscriptions of Zhao and Qin states. A large number of similar inscribed artifacts manufactured in Zhao found in Xinzhuantou M30 noble tomb in the Lower Capital of Yan state. It supports the theory that the Ordos barbarians were called Loufan, since as per written sources, Loufan people were included in both Zhao’s and Yan’s administrative systems. Some items identical to the M30 artifacts were found in tombs of Zhao dynasty members in Handan. In tomb of bronze caster of late Warring States period in Xi’an were found ceramic models made for casting bronze or gold decorative plaques in Pazyryk-Ordos style. However, some pictures in this style were represented on artifacts found in the tomb of Qin State Queen Dowager Xia (died in 240 BC). Artifacts with images of “hoofed griffin” are found among Qin state artifacts in Shuihude M47 and Shangwangqun M1 tombs dated to late Warring States period. Moreover, in Xi’an were also found two roof tile-ends with images of a sacred Pazyryk ‘hoofed griffin’ with twisted body. These tiles obviously belonged to luxurious mansion of Warring States period. These artifacts suggest that the Ordos Loufans did not only maintained cultural communication with the Qin state, but also became part of its people.

Bayesian uncertainty quantification of modal parameters and RRF identification of transmission towers with limited measured vibration data

The resonant response factor (RRF) sensitive to modal parameters, including the damping ratio and frequency, is a critical parameter for wind-resistant design of extra high voltage (EHV) transmission towers, because it directly affects the calculation of the wind vibration coefficient. However, the research on operational modal analysis (OMA) of in-service EHV transmission towers is limited due to the high risk of field monitoring. Therefore, it is critical to determine the size of sufficient data samples or minimum monitoring duration for the OMA of a transmission tower. In this study, an investigation of uncertainty quantification in Bayesian OMA of EHV transmission towers with small data samples from the ambient dynamic test is carried out. The uncertainty of the resonant component factor for wind-resistance design is proposed and quantified, which could provide engineering designers with a reference for confidence levels. Firstly, a field test system is installed on a multipurpose EHV transmission tower with a closed-loop cat head and a pair of cross-arms, to gather the acceleration responses. Then, the OMA for the transmission tower is carried out by the fast Bayesian FFT (FBFFT) method to determine the modal parameters as well as the associated posterior uncertainty. The small sample analysis of OMA for the transmission tower is further performed to obtain sufficient data samples and minimum monitoring duration. Finally, the distribution of the RRF is presented with the different confidential levels. It is found that a sampling length of 600 s could fulfill the basic needs of accuracy in Bayesian OMA and the determination of RRF. The outcomes of this study may provide a reference for the wind-resistance design parameter selection of the similar type of transmission towers.

The use of a linear versus curvilinear oscillating saw blade for femoral head and neck excision surgery in cats.

To determine the effects of using either a linear or curvilinear oscillating, battery-powered saw blade on the extent of bone resection, bone fissure or fragmentation, soft tissue trauma, and surgical time for femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) in feline cadavers. 18 feline cadavers. Paired feline cadaveric femora were randomly assigned to either a 10 mm linear or 12 mm curvilinear blade for FHNE by 2 surgical residents. CT of each femur pre- and postoperatively were used to create 3D reconstructions of each femur. The residual remaining or excessively resected bone volume at the ostectomy site was compared to an "ideal" ostectomy line made by a board-certified surgeon on preoperative CTs. There were no significant differences in residual or excessive bone resection by a saw blade (P = .84), between surgeons (P = .65), or in surgery time (P = .39). When compared to the "ideal" ostectomy, the linear saw blade removed slightly less bone compared to the curvilinear blade, but was not statistically significant (P = .82). No fissures or fractures were noted; however, the curvilinear blade removed the entire lesser trochanter in 1 cadaver and the linear blade partially removed the greater trochanter in 1 femur and 2 lesser trochanters in 2 femora. The use of a curvilinear blade may be a viable option for performing FHNE in cats. In vivo studies are warranted to determine its efficacy in clinical cases where FHNE is performed and the incidence of complications postoperatively.

Caracterizacion morfológica del paladar duro en los gatos Tabby

The aim of this study was to carry out the morphological characterization of the Tabby cat’s hard palate by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in addition to gross and morphometric analysis. A total of 20 Tabby cat heads used. The materials was provided from the Balıkesir Metropolitan Municipality Street Animals Temporary Nursing Home and Rehabilitation Center, Balıkesir, Turkey. Adult, regardless of gender difference, died from variety of reasons and 20 Tabby cat cadavers which weigh approximately 3–4 kg were brought to the laboratory in accordance with the procedure. Hard palates were subjected to gross examination, morphometric analysis, light and SEM.The Tabby cats hard palate was split up rostral and caudal parts and incisive papilla (papilla incisive), rugae palatine and with a gutter between them, the presence of palatine raphe and secondary rugae palatine were observed. The rostral and caudal parts of the hard palate were determined to have a smooth appearance with SEM 540X magnification and the presence of epithelial desquamations was found out. It was determined that the rostral and caudal part of the Tabby cat’s hard palate had a honeycomb appearance of the microplicae of the 3000X magnification hard palate epithelium with SEM. Round islets were detected with the SEM at the magnification of 600X of the incisive papilla, the 270X of the rostral–caudal parts and the 44X of the gutter between the palatine rugae. These adaptations of the Tabby cat’s hard palate might increase its efficiency during ingestion and mastication of hard food and in directing the food backward. The study shows the detailed anatomical description of the hard palate of the Tabby cat with light and SEM.

Surveying, identification and characterization for the potential honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pollen sources in the arid region of Riyadh-Saudi Arabia

This study was conducted targeting identification and documentation of major honeybee plants as pollen sources and their phenology in the central arid region of Saudi Arabia (Riyadh). Pollen loads were collected using pollen traps and were classified according to their color then traced back to plant species level. Throughout the year, sixteen plant species belonging to 10 plant families has been recorded and investigated by Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Asian mustard (Brassica tournefortii Gouan.) (15.91%), willow wattle (Acacia salicina Lindl.) (15.17%), mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) (Sw.) DC. (21.81%) and cat's head (Tribulus terresetris L. var. terrestris) (15.52%) were the dominant sources of pollen. The period from May to July was found to be a significant blooming period and the scarcity period was from December to March in the study area. Color, size and shape of the potential pollen sources were variable between different species. Beekeepers could trap pollen loads that were collected from these sources during February, April and July, respectively. In conclusion, wise use and rehabilitation of these potentially identified bee plant species shall be considered in attempting beekeeping development.

Detection of sexual dimorphism of the foramen magnum in cats using computed tomography.

The foramen magnum is a large round or oval opening surrounded by parts of the occipital bone. It connects the cranial cavity with the vertebral canal. The foramen magnum is an important structure having various applications in veterinary practice and forensic medicine. The variability of its shape and sexual dimorphism allow it to be exploited for sex and age identification in different species. This retrospective study used computed tomographic (CT) images of the caudal region of the 102 mixed-breed cat heads (55 males and 47 females). Eight linear measurements of the foramen magnum (FM) and occipital condyles were performed on CT images. The aim of the study was to find out if the linear measurements of the CT images of the foramen magnum showed variability between the sexes of the cats. In general, the values of the linear measurements in male cats were higher than in females. The mean maximum length of the foramen magnum (MLFM) was 11.18 ± 0.84 mm and 10.63 ± 0.72 mm in male and female cats, respectively. The mean maximum internal width of the foramen magnum (MWFM) was 14.43 ± 0.72 mm in males and 13.75 ± 1.01 mm in females. The difference between FM measurements in female and male cats was statistically significant (p value; FML: 0.001, FMW: 0.000). The MLFM confidence interval was 10.41 mm to 10.86 mm in female cats and 10.97 mm to 11.39 mm in males. The confidence interval of MWFM was 13.5 mm to 14.0 mm in female cats and 14.2 mm to 14.66 mm in male cats. With these intervals, we can predict the probability of sex in cats with 95% confidence. It was noted that measurements of the occipital condyles were not sex-determining. The difference in foramen magnum index in female and male cats was statistically insignificant (p value; 0.875). As a result of the study, it was seen that the linear measurements of the foramen magnum were sex-determining.

Dynamic Response of a Cat Head Type Transmission Tower-line System under Strong Wind

Transmission tower plays important role in the power system and it is security sensitive in various working conditions, such as wind and ice. In this paper, a method to obtain the dynamic response of a cat head type transmission tower under strong fluctuating wind was proposed. The coupled tower-lines finite element model was established in ABAQUS, and the equivalent acceleration of fluctuating wind was simulated by MATLAB. Then the displacements and stresses time histories were obtained. The method introduced in this paper can be used to assess the safety of tower under different fluctuating wind with different directions and provide a reference of the tower in the design stage.

Nine ways to score nine lives – identifying appropriate methods to age domestic cats (Felis catus)

AbstractAccurate determination of chronological age for cats (Felis catus) permits assessment of age at reproduction and growth measures, whilst understanding survivorship enables modelling of population dynamics underpinning many management questions. At present, the relative accuracy of different measures has not been compared, especially in relation to ageing live cats, where options are more limited. We tested relationships between nine ageing methods using a large database of 384 unowned, free‐roaming cats culled as part of wildlife conservation and unowned cat management. Cat heads were cleaned and scored for tooth eruption, development of the canines (root closure, length and width; proportion of pulp determined by radiography), canine tooth cementum lines, tooth wear (canine tip sharpness and breakage, or absence of the P2), diastema distance and closure of two cranial sutures. Tooth eruption is informative for cats up to about 8 months of age and closure of the canine root up to 12 months. In adults with closed‐rooted canine teeth, only the cementum lines and cranial sutures varied; these two sets of measures were strongly correlated. We conclude by developing a predictive table for ageing cat specimens using tooth and skull features. Animals can be aged reliably over the lifespan of the animal from cadaver material, potentially adding valuable information to ecological studies where cats are culled. However, there is no way to reliably age live cats over approximately 8 months of age in the field, after which time full adult dentition is established. Similarly, radiography (to determine pulp volume) has limited use as an ageing tool for cats older than 1–2 years of age. This reduces the number of potential applications for live cats, including, for example, ageing unowned cats in trap–neuter–release programmes.

Comparison of unilateral rostral, middle and caudal segmental mandibulectomies as an alternative treatment for unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis in cats: an ex vivo study.

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is the partial or complete inability to open the mouth due to intra- or extra-articular fibrous, bony or fibro-osseous tissue proliferation. Surgical procedures such as gap arthroplasty, condylectomy or wide extra-articular osteotomy have been recommended to treat this condition; these techniques are challenging, time-consuming and have been occasionally associated with postoperative recurrence, severe periarticular neurovascular iatrogenic trauma and death. Segmental mandibulectomy had previously been recommended as an alternative option for unilateral TMJA, but the location of mandibulectomy and extent of bone removal from the mandible region have not been mentioned in the literature. This study aimed to validate the area of the mandibular body (rostral, middle or caudal) and amount of bony tissue that should be osteotomized during a segmental mandibulectomy for treatment of unilateral TMJA in cats. In this block study, 30 cadaver heads of domestic shorthair cats were randomly divided into three groups of 10 specimens each based on the mandibular region that would undergo segmental mandibulectomy (rostral, middle and caudal). The size of the removed mandibular segment and pre- and postoperative vertical range of mandibular motion were compared for statistical purposes. A significant statistical difference was observed between the pre- and postoperative vertical range of mandibular motion between the rostral, middle and caudal segmental mandibulectomies (P <0.001). The mean postoperative recovered range of mandibular motion for the rostral, middle and caudal segmental mandibulectomies was 50.4%, 81.9% and 90.4%, respectively. The caudal segmental mandibulectomy showed the highest postoperative vertical range of mandibular motion. The removal of a minimum of 1.2 cm of the caudal mandibular body was required to achieve nearly full recovery of presurgical mouth opening in the specimens of this study. The caudal segmental mandibulectomy may eliminate the risk of iatrogenic periarticular neurovascular damage inherent to more invasive surgeries performed at the temporomandibular joint area. When performed unilaterally, the caudal segmental mandibulectomy is a viable surgical alternative that may show a similar outcome to other surgical techniques.

Public awareness on vaccination of cats against rabies and risk of human rabies due to cats in Sri Lanka

Background: Rabies is a viral zoonotic disease, most commonly spreads through the contamination of bites or scratches with virus laden saliva of infected animals. Though it is 100% fatal, it is 100% preventable if post exposure prophylaxis is administered before onset of clinical signs. Today Rabies has become a major public health issue. Presently, vaccinating only domesticated and stray dogs is the method of intervention carried out to control the transmission cycle among dogs which is, the reservior of rabies in Sri Lanka. Predominantly, dogs and cats are domestic pets in many Sri Lankan homes. Cats also vulnerable to infection as Rabies naturally affects mammals. Our aim was to assess number of rabid cats reported in Sri Lanka from 2010 to 2015 and to determine the degree of public awareness on vaccination against rabies for cats. Methods and materials: Data from bulletin published by Public Health Veterinary Services, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka for 2010 to 2015 were extracted and analyzed. Questionaire based surveillance was carried out for cats rearing households in Dehiwala Municipal Council area. Results: Data revealed the second commonest source of human rabid deaths reported from 2010 to 2015 was cats (3%). Total number of rabies suspected cat heads received for laboratory testing were 343, 364, 460, 370, 436 and 362 for year 2010,2011,2012,2013,2014 and 2015 respectively. Total number of positive cat heads out of 2335 rabies suspected heads was 490 from 2010 to 2015 (p = 0.2). Total number of cat rearing households in surveyed area was 665 and out of them only 18% households were aware on vaccination of cats against rabies. Total number of cats in the area was 1189 and out of them 7% was vaccinated. Conclusion: In Sri Lanka, even domesticated cats also have a behavior pattern of roaming largely. Therefore, it is important to vaccinate domesticated cats not only to prevent the risk of disease transmission from stray cats and dogs but also to minimize the risk of human infection. Facilities for vaccination of domesticated cats and public awareness on vaccination and sending rabies suspected heads to laboratory need to be improved at national level.

Safety Distance Analysis of 500kV Transmission Line Tower UAV Patrol Inspection

Aiming at the problem that UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) is widely used in transmission line inspections, and the inspection safety distance control is not clear enough. Based on the relevant domestic standards and regulations for UAV inspection operations, this letter establishes a 500kV cat head Tower UAV inspection operation electromagnetic field simulation finite element model. The model uses the field decomposition method to decompose the three-dimensional unbounded field into bounded sub-areas, and calculates and obtains the electric and magnetic field changes around the wire and when the UAV is at different positions on the wire. Combined with the average breakdown field strength of the bar-to-plate gap and the UAV electromagnetic compatibility limit, the safe distance calculation method for the UAV power inspection is comprehensively determined. The application of this safety distance calculation method can improve the reliability and safety of the transmission line UAV when conducting inspection operations, and is of great significance for ensuring the safety of lines and equipment.

CT examination and 3D analysis of Egyptian animal mummies.

To report our experience on CT investigation of animal mummies, focusing on the practical and radiological aspects of the study, the acquisition parameters and the different reconstruction techniques. Thirteen mummies underwent CT examination on the same CT scanner (Siemens sensation) with the following acquisition parameters: 120kV; 140mAs; slice thickness: 1mm; reconstruction interval: 0.7mm; and rotation time: 0.75s. All datasets were reconstructed with both bone and soft tissue algorithms and archived on our picture archiving and communication system using their catalogue number as an identifier. Images were then transferred on IntelliSpace Portal (Philips Healthcare) for post-processing multiplanar and 3D reconstructions. The acquired data were submitted to anthropological analysis. CT enabled the identification of the bundles content: four cats with complete skeleton, one upper part of a cat mummy, one lower part of a cat mummy, one cat head with four cervical vertebrae, two crocodiles, two raptors, skeletons from one or more snakes and one mummy with dog appearance, containing long bones. All cats and hawks showed cervical fractures; in one cat, the skull was collapsed inwards, and in another cat, the head was turned backwards; one cat presented a skeleton more radiopaque than normal with evidence of cracks related to the use of the resins for mummification that were poured directly over the corpse. CT is a valuable noninvasive technique to study Egyptian mummies, enabling in-depth analysis while preserving the integrity of the mummy bundles, ensuring protection of a valuable archaeological resource.

Data‐driven nonrigid object feature analysis: Subspace application of incidence structure

AbstractIn object recognition, feature extraction algorithms are designed to capture the discriminate statistics of objects. Due to pose, deformation and background clutter, the recognition of objects becomes nontrivial, particularly nonrigid samples. Through incidence and geometric structure, this article reports on the data‐driven identification of critical features located on object exemplar profiles. The investigation is demonstrated using the features of a cat's head and the application of the Hough transform to extract planar geometric features. A data‐driven recognition routine is described that accumulates prior knowledge for evaluating the error contribution of critical features impacting recognition confidence. In measuring affine facial features, feature parallelism is tracked to determine rotations and elevations of a cat's head. A preliminary recognition error of 8.2% and 17.8% is determined for a front training profile. An analysis proceeds to determine contributions to this error due the identified critical features.

Effects of Femur Position on Radiographic Assessment of Femoral Head and Neck Excision Completeness in Cats.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of femoral position on radiographic assessment of completeness of femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) in cats. The study included 20 femurs from adult cats. Complete FHNE was performed on 10 femurs and incomplete excision consisting of inadequate excision of the distal medial femoral neck was performed on 10 femurs. The lesser trochanter was maintained in all femurs. Each femur was positioned through a predetermined set of eight radiographic views about the long axis. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP) and accuracy were calculated for each femoral position. Craniocaudal views of the femur in external rotation (30° and 45°) had the highest SE, SP and accuracy (SE: 97.5% and 97.5%; SP: 92.5% and 95%; and accuracy: 95% and 96%, respectively) followed by external rotation of 15 (SE: 92.5%, SP: 87.5% and accuracy: 90%) relative to standard craniocaudal (SE: 57.5%, SP: 72.5%, accuracy: 65%) and lateromedial (SE: 2.5%, SP: 0%, accuracy: 1%) radiographic views. Evaluation of craniocaudal radiographic views with the femurs in external rotation can increase the ability to assess the adequacy of the FHNE in cats.

A Review on Plant Profile, Standardization Method and Pharmacological Activities of Tribulus Terristries (Gokhru)

Tribulus terristries belongs to family zygophyllaceae and commonly known as Puncture vine, Tribulus including goat's-head, bindii, bullhead, burra gokharu, bhakhdi, caltrop, small caltrops, cat's-head, devil's eyelashes, devil's-thorn, devil's-weed, puncture vine, and tackweed. Found widely distributed warmer regions of the world, throughout in India, srilanka, west Tibet, consists of dried fully ripen fruits of plant. Fruits are used as Diuretics tonics and also in the treatment of calculous affections and painful micturation, they are also used as aphrodiasic and in gout. Standardization is a system ensuring predefined set of the quantity, quality and therapeutic effect of the constituents in each dose. It is an imperative stride in establishing a quality assurance plan for production and manufacturing thereby, curtailing batch to batch variation and reassuring acceptability, safety, quality and efficacy of the drug , Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint profiles are used for ensuring the identity, transparency and potency of herbal formulations.

Transcranial focal electrical stimulation via concentric ring electrodes in freely moving cats: Antiepileptogenic and postictal effects

Transcranial focal electrical stimulation (TFS) via tripolar concentric ring electrodes (TCRE), tripolar TFS, is proposed to treat pharmacoresistant epilepsy. We determined the effect of tripolar TFS on electrical amygdaloid kindling (AK) in freely moving cats. Fifteen cats were bilaterally implanted with electrodes in the amygdala (AM) and prefrontal cortex and assigned to three groups: the control group, which only received AK; the tripolar TFS before AK group, in which TCREs were placed over the vertex and tripolar TFS (300 Hz, 200 μs biphasic equal charge, square pulses) was delivered for 40 min just prior to AK; and the tripolar TFS after AK group, in which the TCREs were placed over the temporal bone ipsilateral to the kindled AM, while tripolar TFS was administered for 2 min just after AK onset for 40 days, and, thereafter, only AK was applied. AK was applied daily until all animals reached kindling stage VI. A three concentric spheres finite element cat head model was developed to analyze the electric fields caused by tripolar TFS. Tripolar TFS after AK inhibited kindling development. Animals with tripolar TFS after AK remained at the focal seizure stages for 20 days after tripolar TFS cessation and required 80.0 ± 15.42 AK stimulations to reach stage VI, significantly higher than TFS before AK, and control (P < .001). Tripolar TFS before AK did not show signs of protection against epileptogenesis. The finite modeling of tripolar TFS showed that the electric field is >0.3 mV/mm at depths less than approximately 12.6 mm in the cat brain, which should be strong enough to alter brain activity. In conclusion, tripolar TFS applied via a TCRE over the ipsilateral temporal area significantly delayed AK. This taken together with other reports of tripolar TFS aborting seizures in acute seizure models suggests that tripolar TFS is a promising new modality that should be considered for further testing.

A Method for Settlement Detection of the Transmission Line Tower under Wind Force.

In view of the settlement problem of transmission tower foundation, the vibration characteristics of transmission towers under wind force are measured experimentally. In this paper, the 110 kV cat head transmission tower of Xi’an Polytechnic University is measured and analyzed. Firstly, the acceleration sensor and meteorological sensor are installed on the tower to collect the vibration response and environment parameters of the tower in real time. Then, an experiment platform is built to simulate the tower settlement, and the vibration response of the tower after settlement is measured in time. Finally, the low-order modal frequencies of the transmission tower before and after settlement under wind force load are extracted by stochastic subspace identification (SSI), and the relationship between modal frequencies of different modes is analyzed via temperature correction. By comparison and analysis, it is obvious that the X-direction modal frequencies before and after settlement under natural wind load are changed, and the change rate increases with the increase of settlement displacement, which can be used as effective evidence for judging the settlement of transmission tower foundation.

Is the caudal auricular axial pattern flap robust? A multi-centre cohort study of 16 dogs and 12 cats (2005 to 2016).

To determine the frequency and type of healing complications arising after the use of the caudal auricular axial pattern flap to close defects on the head in dogs and cats. Multi-centre retrospective cohort study. Centres were recruited by the Association for Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgery Research Cooperative. Medical records of 11 centres were reviewed, and data from all dogs and cats treated with a caudal auricular axial pattern flap were retrieved. The following data were recorded: signalment, reason for reconstruction, flap dimensions, anatomic landmarks used, histological diagnosis, flap healing and whether revision surgery was required. Twenty-eight cases were included: 16 dogs and 12 cats. Flap length: width ratio was approximately 3:1 and flap length extended to the scapular spine in most cases. Optimal wound healing occurred in five of 16 (31%) dogs and six of 12 (50%) cats. Wound dehiscence without flap necrosis occurred in one of 16 (6%) dogs and one of 12 (8%) cats. Wound dehiscence with flap necrosis occurred in 10 of 16 (63%) dogs and five of 12 (42%) cats. Revision surgery was performed in eight of 16 (50%) dogs and three of 12 (25%) cats. The caudal auricular axial pattern flap can provide full thickness skin coverage for large defects on the head in dogs and cats. Partial flap necrosis is a common complication, and revision surgery may be required in order to achieve final wound closure.

Analysis and Study on Safety Warning Distance of Human Body Near The Transmission Lines

When new overhead transmission lines are built near live lines, they must be affected by the induced electricity generated by the nearby lines. Existing industry standards have stipulated such situations and proposed the safety distance that should be maintained during construction. However, there are still many occurrences of safety accidents or hidden dangers outside the safe distance. The article analyzes and studies the construction of human body under different live voltages with different types of towers (500kV cat head tower, 500kV wine glass tower, 500kV drum tower, ±800kV T tower, 1000kV drum tower, 1000kV wine glass tower). The specific situation of electric field distortion, combined with the 25kV/m DC electric field strength limit and the 10kV/m AC electric field strength limit set by the International Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Committee, are calculated to give the safety warning distance of the human body in the vicinity of the live line.