Solutions Of Cationic Surfactants Research Articles

Surfactant-Aided Low-Salinity Waterflooding for Low-Temperature Carbonate Reservoirs

Summary Carbonate reservoirs tend to be oil-wet/mixed-wet and heterogeneous because of mineralogy and diagenesis. The objective of this study is to improve oil recovery in low-temperature dolomite reservoirs using low-salinity and surfactant-aided spontaneous imbibition. The low-salinity brine composition was optimized using ζ-potential measurements, contact-angle (CA) experiments, and a novel wettability-alteration measure. Significant wettability alteration was observed on dolomite rocks at a salinity of 2,500 ppm. We evaluated 37 surfactants by performing CA, interfacial-tension (IFT), and spontaneous-imbibition experiments. Three (quaternary ammonium) cationic and one (sulfonate) anionic surfactants showed significant wettability alteration and produced 43–63% of original oil in place (OOIP) by spontaneous imbibition. At a low temperature (35°C), oil recovery by low-salinity effect is small compared with that by wettability-altering surfactants. Coreflood tests were performed with a selected low-salinity cationic surfactant solution. A novel coreflood was proposed that modeled heterogeneity and dynamic imbibition into low-permeability regions. The results of the “heterogeneous” coreflood were consistent with that of spontaneous-imbibition tests. These experiments demonstrated that a combination of low-salinity brine and surfactants can make originally oil-wet dolomite rocks more water-wet and improve oil recovery from regions bypassed by waterflood at a low temperature of 35°C.

Effect of dynamic adsorption layer over colliding bubble on rate of solid surface dewetting in cationic surfactant solutions

Influence of a motion induced dynamic adsorption layer (DAL) at a liquid/air interface on a kinetic of three-phase contact line (TPCL) expansion in solutions of n-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB - cationic surfactant) was studied. It was found that, independently of the solid surface hydrophobicity (assessed using determination of the receding contact angle values), the DAL presence influences profoundly the velocity of the TPCL expansion. For the quartz surface, where the contact angle was controlled by a CTAB concentration, the TPCL expansion rate correlateds with the degree of solid surface hydrophobicity. However, for similar values of the contact angle, much higher rate of the TPCL rate expansion was observed for the fully formed DAL at the colliding bubble surface. This effect was the most pronounced for receding contact angle equal to ca. 60–70° (i.e. for higher CTAB bulk concentrations). In the case of the highly hydrophobic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) surface, similar observations were reported, despite the fact that the receding contact angle values were independent of the CTAB bulk concentration. For the PTFE surface, additionally, similar TPCL expansion velocities were reported for pure water and CTAB solutions where the DAL structure was fully formed at the colliding bubble interface, suggesting similar liquid/gas interface’s hydrodynamic boundary conditions.

Thermodynamic Study of the Solubilization of Crown-Substituted Magnesium Phthalocyaninate in Aqueous Solutions of Cationic Surfactants

Solubilization of crown-substituted magnesium phthalocyaninate(I) has been studied by spectrophotometry in aqueous solutions of tetradecyltrimethylammonium(II), hexadecyltrimethylammonium(III), and hexadecyltriphenylphosphonium bromides. The experiments have been carried out with saturated solutions of I occurring at the thermodynamic equilibrium with its precipitate. The experimental data have been used to determine the following thermodynamic characteristics of the solubilization: the solubilization capacity of micelles, the coefficient of solubilisate partition between micelles and an ambient solution, and the standard solubilization affinity of I. It has been shown that, in spite of different structures of the surfactants, the standard works of a I molecule transfer to micelles of all three surfactants are almost equal. The found values of the solubilization capacity, as calculated per one molecule of I, in micelles of II and III lead to abnormally large aggregation numbers. This fact may be explained by possible development of a bimodal distribution of micelles, at which solubilisate-containing micelles coexist with “empty” micelles; as a result, the average number of solubilisate molecules in a micelle may appear to be smaller than unity.

Hydrophobic Silica nanoparticle & Anionic/ Cationic surfactants interplays tailored interfacial properties for the wettability alteration and EOR applications

AbstractIn this study, the effect of anionic and cationic surfactant solutions alone and in combination with silica AEROSIL® R 816 nanomaterial on the wettability alteration of carbonate rock reservoir has been investigated. The nanofluid properties including stability, surfactant critical micelle concentration (CMC), Interfacial tension (IFT), and surfactant adsorption were studied that in each case, the synergistic effect of nanoparticles as adjacent particles along with surfactant molecules in the solution with respect to electrostatic and capillary forces has been discussed. The results show that nanoparticles generally reduce ST, CMC, surfactant adsorption on the rock, and surfactant molecules significantly increase the stability of nanoparticles. Also, contact angle test results indicated an increase in the effect of the wettability alteration of stones in the surfactant solution by the nanoparticles from the lipophilic to the hydrophilic, and the nanopowder solution itself had the most ability to change the wettability. Finally, the results from the observations as mentioned above were confirmed by performing imbibition test based on drop experiments.

An acetylcholinesterase-based biosensor for the detection of pesticides using liquid crystals confined in microcapillaries

Here, we demonstrate a capillary-sensing platform based on liquid crystals (LCs) confined in microcapillaries for simple and sensitive detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its inhibitors. LC droplets were formed through sequential injection of LCs and an aqueous solution into trichloro(octyl)silane (OTS)-treated microcapillaries. When the confined LC droplets make contact with a cationic surfactant solution, myristoylcholine chloride (Myr), the formation of a Myr monolayer at the aqueous/LC interface induces a horizontal orientation of the LCs at the interface along the microcapillary, producing an optical LC droplet texture of a four-petal shape. On the other hand, AChE can catalyze the hydrolysis of Myr into choline and myristic acid. The hydrolyzed Myr is unable to form a monolayer at the aqueous/LC interface, and therefore the confined LC droplets exhibit two bright-lined optical images when in contact with the pre-incubated mixture of Myr and AChE, corresponding to the homeotropic orientation of LCs at the interface. However, in the presence of AChE-inhibiting pesticides, such as fenobucarb and malathion, the activity of AChE is inhibited, and thus, the enzymatic hydrolysis of Myr cannot occur. As a result, the confined LC droplets present the four petal-shaped optical images when in contact with the pre-incubated mixture of Myr, AChE, and pesticides. Based on this principle, an LC-based microcapillary sensor was developed and utilized for the detection of pesticides. Using this sensing platform, fenobucarb and malathion were detected at limits of 5 pg/mL and 2.5 pg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the proposed biosensor was successfully applied to the determination of pesticides in real river water. Therefore, this LC-based microcapillary sensor is a promising platform for simple, rapid, and label-free detection of pesticides with very high sensitivity.

Matching Effects in the Interaction of Ionic Surfactants with Fluorescent Reagents in Micellar Solutions of Triton X-100

The influence of cationic and anionic surfactant solutions on the character of the fluorescence spectra of reagents of different charge and hydrophobicity in aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 has been studied. An increase in the fluorescence intensity and a shift in the position of the fluorescence maximum with increasing hydrophobicity of reagents and ionic surfactants have been shown. The analytical signal of the surfactant is further amplified in the proximity of the charge values of the reagent and the counterion of the surfactant. The non-monotonic nature of the hydrophobicity effect of cationic surfactants on their analytical signal in the system has been shown. The observed effects are explained by the realization of charge and hydrophobic matching in the interaction of surfactants with the fluorescent reagents. The obtained effects are significant in the design of fluorescent systems for the determination and study of surfactant micelles. Conditions for detecting the content of cetylpyridinium chloride by reaction with eosin Y and sodium tetradecyl sulfate by reaction with rhodamine 6G in the presence of Triton X-100 were proposed. The methods have been tested in detecting the content of the ionic surfactants in pharmaceuticals.

Improving coal powder wettability using electrolyte assisted surfactant solution

Evidence has shown that the prevalence of Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis (CWP) has been increasing among coal workers due to over-exposure to coal dust. Water spray is a widely used approach to suppress the coal dust in underground coal mines. The high surface tension of water prevents the water droplets to effectively capture coal particles. Although the addition of surfactant into water has been implemented in the mining industry to increase dust suppression efficiency. However, it is still a challenge to most of the mining industries for meeting the latest regulation. Studies have shown that the suppression efficiency could be improved significantly by using the surfactant with the addition of electrolyte. Thus, the selection of an optimum compounding solution is important. In this study, a standardised sink test method, which is reliable and accurate, was first proposed for evaluating the wettability of surfactant solutions. After that, the established standardised sink test method together with the commonly used surface tension test is used to evaluate the effectiveness of adding four different electrolytes to three types of surfactants. The finding of this paper provides the insight of an easy-conduct sink test method which may benefit other researchers who conduct similar tests. And the result reveals that the addition of electrolyte can significantly improve the coal powder wettability in anionic and cationic surfactant solutions. This study provides a starting point for the development of a more efficient low-cost dust suppression solutions.

Adsorption of Equimolar Mixtures of Cationic and Anionic Surfactants at the Water/Hexane Interface

In mixed solutions of anionic and cationic surfactants, called catanionics, ion pairs are formed which behave like non-ionic surfactants with a much higher surface activity than the single components. In equimolar mixtures of NaCnSO4 and CmTAB, all surface-active ions are paired. For mixtures with n + m = const, the interfacial properties are rather similar. Catanionics containing one long-chain surfactant and one surfactant with medium chain length exhibit a strong increase in surface activity as compared with the single compounds. In contrast, catanionics of one medium- and one short chain surfactant have a surface activity similar to that of the medium-chain surfactant alone. Both the Frumkin model and the reorientation model describe the experimental equilibrium data equally well, while the adsorption kinetics of the mixed medium- and short-chain surfactants can be well described only with the reorientation model.

Simultaneous Determination of Cationic and Anionic Surfactants in Environmental Water Samples by Ion-Pair Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Background: Cationic surfactants (CSs) such as quaternary ammonium compounds are used as fabric softeners, anti-bacterial agents, and human hair cosmetics. Accurate determination of CSs in environmental water samples is very difficult because of their very low concentration and strong adsorptivity to not only glassware but also to plasticware due to strong hydrophobic and electrostatic attractions. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LASs), anionic surfactants, are produced in the largest quantity as the main components of laundry detergents, dishwashing liquids, and other cleaning formulations. In this study, a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of CSs, cetyltrimethylammonium ion (CTMA) and trimethylstearylammonium ion (TMSA), and LASs in environmental water samples. Materials and Methods: This method involves a solid-phase extraction of CSs and LASs from the water samples using a solid-phase extraction cartridge, InertSep Slim-J PLS-3. A hydrophilic polymer column, Shodex MSpak GF-310 4D was used for the separation of CSs and LASs with a mobile phase gradient from 36 to 44 % (v/v) acetonitrile-water containing 0.8 mM di-nbutylammonium acetate and 0.2 M acetic acid. Di-n-butylammonium ion acts as the ion-pair reagent for retention of LASs on the column, while it makes the retention of CSs moderate. Positive and negative electrospray ionization modes were used for the MS detection for CSs and LASs, respectively. Results and Discussion: Instrument detection limits of the developed method based on selected ion monitoring technique for the mixed standard solutions of CSs and LASs were 3 and 6 ng L-1 for CTMA and TMSA, respectively and 13 – 47 ng L-1 for the C10-C14 LASs. The total concentration of the CSs was determined to be 6.6 μg L-1 for river water (Ebi river, Japan) and 0.028 μg L-1 for seawater (Tokyo Bay, Japan) samples. The concentration of total LAS was determined to be 1122 μg L-1 for the river and 10.8 μg L-1 for the seawater samples. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the solid-phase extraction and the LC/MS method developed in this study are useful for the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of CSs and LASs in environmental water samples.

Thermodynamic studies of aggregation behaviour of cationic surfactants (octyltrimethylammonium chloride/tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride) in aqueous solutions at different temperatures

Densities for aqueous solutions of cationic surfactants, namely, octyltrimethylammonium chloride (C8TAC) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride (C14TAC) in the concentration range (0.0102–0.2599) mol⋅kg−1 have been measured at (293.15, 298.15 and 303.15) K. Further, experimental density data are utilized for the calculations of apparent molar volumes of solute (Vϕ) at studied temperatures. The coefficient of thermal expansion (α) and apparent molar expansivity (Eϕ) are also obtained at 298.15 K. Application of pseudo-phase model of micellization to the Vϕ data is made for obtaining critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the studied surfactants. The magnitudes of cmc values are in the order of C8TAC > C14TAC. The change in the apparent molar volume due to aggregation (ΔVϕ,m) is found to be dependent on temperature as well on the chain length of the alkyltrimethlyammoinium ions. ΔVϕ,m slightly increases with increase in temperature and in chain length of the alkyltrimethlyammoinium ions. The standard free energy change due to micellization (ΔGm0) have also been estimated. All the results are explained on the basis of micellization of the surfactant molecules, hydrophobicity due to alkyl chain length and nature of the counter-ion.

Mixed Micellar Solutions of Hexadecylpiperidinium Surfactants and Tween 80: Aggregation Behavior and Solubilizing Properties

The aggregation behavior of mixed micellar solutions of cationic hexadecylpiperidinium surfactants and nonionic surfactant Tween 80 is studied. The critical micelle concentration is determined by varying the component ratios, and a negative deviation from the ideal mixing model can be observed (synergistic effect). The adsorption parameters and surface potential of mixed micelles are estimated. The solubilizing effect individual and mixed compositions have on such hydrophobic biologically active compounds as bioflavonoid quercetin and systemic fungicide carboxin is characterized quantitatively via spectrophotometry.

Reaction rates in aqueous solutions of cationic colloidal surfactants and calixarenes: Acceleration and resolution of two steps of fluorescein diesters hydrolysis

The hydrolysis of fluorogenic substrates of fluorescein diester series is a popular and well-documented indicative reaction used in enzyme biochemistry for cholinesterase systems and related fields. The overwhelming majority of studies have been performed using the fluorescence spectroscopy and conventionally considering this two-step reaction as a single-step one. We developed a spectrophotometry-based approach for the separate determination of the rate constants of the first and second hydrolysis steps of fluorescein diesters, such as diacetyl- and dilaurylfluorescein. This approach was applied to micellar solutions of cationic colloidal surfactants and calixarenes in water. Cationic surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyl-N-pyridinium chloride, cationic Gemini surfactant 16–4–16 bromide, di-n-tetradecyldimethylammonium bromide and a zwitterionic surfactant cetyldimethylammonium propanesulfonate were used. As amphiphilic cationic calixarenes, the wide rim choline or imidazolium derivatives of calix[4,6]arenes decorated at the narrow rim with methyl, propyl, hexyl, octyl, and dodecyl tails in form of tetra- and hexachlorides were used. These systems display marked acceleration of the hydrolysis reaction of diacetylfluorescein in water. The results were compared with the kinetic data in 50 mas. % ethanol. Non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 displays no influence on kinetics, whereas an anionic surfactant sodium laurylsulfate strongly reduces the reaction rate. In the presence of calixarene aggregates, an expressed catalytic effect was observed for diacetylfluorescein, but not for dilaurylfluorescein. For instance, the rate constants of stepwise hydrolysis of diacetylfluorescein increase by ca. 200–750 times on going from water to aqueous solutions of 5,11,17,23-tetra(N,N-dimethyl-N-hydroxyethylammonium)methylene-25,26,27,28-tetradodecyl-oxycalix[4]arene tetrachloride. At the same time, a distinct macrocyclic effect of calixarene was also observed: the micelles of the “quarter” compound N,N-dimethyl-N-hydroxyethyl-4-dodecyloxybenzylammonium chloride also accelerate the reaction, but in a much less expressed manner.

Vortex in liquid films from concentrated surfactant solutions containing micelles and colloidal particles

HypothesisNew dynamic phenomena can be observed in evaporating free liquid films from colloidal solutions with bimodal particle size distribution. Such distributions are formed in a natural way in mixed (slightly turbid) solutions of cationic and anionic surfactants, where nanosized micelles coexist with micronsized precipitated particles. ExperimentWithout evaporation of water, the films thin down to thickness < 100 nm. Upon water evaporation from the film, one observes spontaneous film thickening (above 300 nm) and appearance of a dynamic vortex with a spot of thinner film in the center. The vortex wall has a stepwise profile with step-height equal to the effective micelle diameter (ca. 8 nm) and up to 20–30 stratification steps. ResultsFor thicknesses greater than 100 nm, stratification in foam films from micellar solutions has never been observed so far. It evidences for the formation of a thick colloidal crystal of micelles in the evaporating film. The role of the bigger, micronsized particles is to form a filtration cake in the Plateau border, which supports the thick film. The developed quantitative mechanical model shows that the stepwise vortex profile is stabilized by the balance of hydrodynamic and surface tension forces. Vortex is observed not only in films from catanionic surfactant solutions, but also in films from silica and latex particle suspensions, which contain smaller surfactant micelles.

Effect of head group of surfactant on the self-assembly structures and aggregation transitions in a mixture of cationic surfactant and anionic surfactant-like ionic liquid

Abstract The effect of head group of surfactant on the self-assembly structures and aggregation transitions, which had rarely been reported in mixed aqueous solutions of cationic surfactant and anionic surfactant-like ionic liquid molecules, was studied in three different cases. We have investigated the effect of the methyl, ethyl and 2-phenoxy-ethyl on the aggregation by the methods of turbidity, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), rheological measurements, and steady-state fluorescence measurements. It is found that the head group has an important effect on the self-assembly structures and phase transition behaviors of mixed aqueous solutions. The ethyl group introduces a more considerable steric hindrance compared with the methyl group, which leads to the smaller packing parameter. Therefore, the system containing the methyl group has a slightly larger vesicle phase range than the system containing the ethyl group. However, compared with the ethyl group, 2-phenoxy-ethyl introduces the non-covalent pi-pi interaction between the imidazolium ring and benzene ring. This interaction easily eliminates the steric hindrance. Therefore, it is more prone to form the wormlike micelles and vesicles for the system with the 2-phenoxy-ethyl group. We also find intriguing rheological behavior from the non-spherical vesicles. Moreover, for the wormlike micelles, we find it only form in aqueous surfactant mixtures with strong interactions.

Effects of salts and adsorption on the performance of air entraining agent with different charge type in solution and cement mortar

In this paper, the effect of salts in solution and the adsorption of surfactant are studied to give the answer why the air entraining agents fail. The high valence cations (e.g. Ca2+) weaken the surface activity of anionic surfactant solution but have no effect on the surface activity of cationic and nonionic surfactant solution. The calcium induces the decreased surface activity of anionic surfactant solution, the low foamability, the big bubble size, and the depressed the air-entraining performance. Anionic surfactant has stronger adsorption on surface of cement than that on surface of montmorillonite, granite and limestone. But cationic and nonionic surfactants have much stronger adsorption on surface of montmorillonite and granite than that on surface of cement. When montmorillonite, granite and limestone are added into cement mortar, the air-entraining performance of anionic surfactant is not depressed, but the air-entraining performance of cationic and nonionic surfactants are obviously depressed.

Separation and concentration of cationic surfactant solutions with the use of ceramic modules

Separation and concentration of cationic surfactant solutions with the use of ceramic modules

Effect of Nanoparticles on Viscosity and Interfacial Tension of Aqueous Surfactant Solutions at High Salinity and High Temperature

AbstractSurfactant flooding has widely been used as one of the chemically enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. Surfactants majorly influence the interfacial tension, γ, between oil and brine phase and control capillary number and relative permeability behavior and, thus, influence ultimate recovery. Additives, such as nanoparticles, are known to affect surfactant properties and are regarded as promising EOR agents. However, their detailed interactions with surfactants are not well understood. Thus, in this work, we examined the influence of silica nanoparticles on the ability of surfactants to lower γ and to increase viscosity at various temperatures and salinities. Results show that the presence of nanoparticles decreased γ between n‐decane and various surfactant formulations by up to 20%. It was found that γ of nanoparticles–surfactant solutions passed through a minimum at 35 °C when salt was added. Furthermore, the viscosity of cationic surfactant solutions increased at specific salt (1.5 wt.%) and nanoparticle (0.05 wt.%) concentrations. Results illustrate that selected nanoparticles–surfactant formulations appear very promising for EOR as they can lower brine/n‐decane interfacial tension and act as viscosity modifiers of the injected fluids.

Solubilizing Potential of Ionic, Zwitterionic and Nonionic Surfactants Towards Water Insoluble Drug Flurbiprofen

Quite a high percentage of newly discovered drugs are discarded due to their low aqueous solubility and variable bioavailability. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new methodologies for increasing the aqueous solubility of such drugs. Several procedures have been proposed for this purpose, including salt formation, particle size reduction or using surfactants. In this report, we have improved the aqueous solubility of flurbiprofen by employing aqueous solution of anionic (SDS, SDBS), cationic (DTAB, CTAB, TTAB), non-ionic (Triton X-100 and Triton X-114 and DDAO) and zwitterionic DDAPS surfactants. It is concluded that all of the surfactants increased the solubility of flurbiprofen which increased with the increasing surfactant concentration. The reason behind such a trend was that the drug is partitioned between micelles and the aqueous phase. An increase in aqueous solubility of the drug was correlated with the (molar) solubilization ratio (χ), partition coefficient of drug (KM) between micelle and water, binding constant (K1) and standard state Gibbs energy of solubilization ($$\Delta G_{\text{s}}^{\text{o}}$$) of the drug in the micelles. The order of drug solubilization in nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants was found as Triton X-114 > Triton X-100 > DDAO > DDAPS. In the case of anionic surfactants, it was noted as SDBS > SDS, whereas cationic surfactants solubilized the drug in the order of CTAB > TTAB > DTAB. The differences in χ and log10KM are attributed to the structural features of the surfactants. The aggregation number, HLB, core volume of micelles and electrostatic interaction between drug and micelles play important roles in solubilization of drugs in micellar solutions. The nonionic surfactants proved to be better, due to their low critical micelle concentrations higher solubilization capability and nontoxic nature; they were also found to have better drug release profiles.

Dynamic Surface Properties of Eco-Friendly Cationic Saccharide Surfactants at the Water/Air Interface

Abstract The equilibrium surface properties and dynamic surface tension (DST) are presented for aqueous solutions of novel eco-friendly cationic saccharide surfactants (CnDGPB) at different concentrations and temperatures. The equilibrium surface tension, the DST, the effective diffusion coefficients and the activation barrier of the surfactants are calculated and analyzed. In addition, the general diffusion mechanism of the surfactants is proposed. The equilibrium surface tension results show that the γCMC and CMC values decrease with increasing temperature. The interactions (repulsion forces) between the hydrophobic groups and water molecules decrease with increasing temperature, which results in increased HLB values. This phenomenon causes a higher Amin and lower Γmax. The DST of CnDGPB below and above the CMC is tested by the maximum bubble pressure method at temperature from 25 °C to 45 °C. The adsorption activation energy of CnDGPB is between 3 kJ/mol and 20 kJ/mol. The results show that the final stages of the DST decays are consistent with the activated diffusion-controlled adsorption mechanism.

Effects of polymer concentration and type on the interactions between 1-methyl-3-tetradecylimidazolium bromide and polymers in aqueous solution

The interactions between the long-chain ionic liquid of 1-methyl-3-tetradecylimidazolium bromide (C14mimBr) and five polymers have been studied in detail using surface tension, electric conductivity, isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC), and steady-state fluorescence methods. The polymers used include neutral polymers of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), triblock copolymers of PEO13PPO30PEO13 (L64) and PEO79PPO30PEO79 (F68), and polyelectrolyte of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC). This paper focuses on the effects of polymer concentration and type on the surfactant-polymer interactions. The curves in the absence and in the presence of the polymer have more or less differences, exhibiting the cooperative interaction of the surfactant and five polymers. Although the effects of each polymer addition on the surfactant aggregates can be proved by various techniques, for one system, the inflection points on the curves from different method are difficult to unify and an attempt to show the concurrence of the data is only diluting the essence of this area. It is concluded that the interacting intensity between C14mimBr and the polymer has the order of NaCMC > L64 >F68 >PVA > PEG, which is determined by the strong electrostatic attraction, relatively strong hydrophobic interaction, and/or weak ion-dipole interaction relating to the polymer structure. Due to the precipitation formation of NaCMC and cationic surfactant aqueous solution, copolymers especially the existence of PPO chain not only has a good synergistic effect with surfactant, but also can adjust the viscosity of the system.