Cationic Softener Research Articles

Acute toxicity of cationic softeners determined in vitro on RTG-2 trout cells

Acute toxicity of cationic softeners determined in vitro on RTG-2 trout cells

The influence of the temperature on the sorption of microemulsionated cationic softeners on cotton

Cationic softeners are surfactants which, when added to the last rinsing during the washing of textile materials, impart a series of desirable properties, whose intensity depends on the sorption process. This sorption becomes more effective if the product is used in microemulsion form, as its penetration is facilitated in the textile substrate. The sorption kinetics of various cationic softeners (difatty alkylammonium and amidoimidozoline compounds) on cotton towel fabric have been studied as a function of water application temperature. The chemical structure of the softener is also considered.

Effects of Silicone Softeners and Silane Coupling Agents on the Performance Properties of Cotton Fabrics

We have investigated the effects of reactive and organofunctional silicone softeners and silane coupling agents on the performance properties of cotton fabrics. The silicone softeners were aminofunctional polydimethylsiloxane, reactive polydimethylsiloxane of high viscosity, and hydroxy-end-blocked reactive polydimethylsiloxane of low vis cosity. A cationic softener, distearyldimethylammonium chloride, was also used for comparison. Methyltrimethoxysilane, glycidoxy (epoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, vi nyltriethoxysilane, and aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane were the coupling agents. Cotton fabric samples were treated with a pad-dry-cure process from an aqueous bath containing the softener and other additives. The results indicate that silicone softeners provide better durable press performance with a higher retention of me chanical properties and durability compared with the cationic softener. In addition, the type of reactive group, the viscosity, and the adsorption mechanism of the softener, as well as treatment conditions such as curing temperature, are crucial factors affecting the performance properties of the treated fabrics. Furthermore, the study of the silane coupling agent revealed that it plays an important role in improving the durability and performance of silicone softeners, especially the linear reactive type. The results also suggest that improvements in wrinkle recovery are mainly due to the formation of an elastic silicone polymer network, which entrapps fibers within its matrix, thus improving the fabric's ability to recover from deformation.

Modification of Textile Materials' Surface Properties Using Chemical Softener

In the present study the effect of technological treatment involving the processes of washing or washing and softening with chemical cationic softener "Surcase" produced in Great Britain on the surface properties of cellulosic textile materials manufactured from cotton, bamboo and viscose spun yarns was investigated. The changes in textile materials surface properties were evaluated using KTU-Griff-Tester device and FEI Quanta 200 FEG scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was observed that the worst hand properties and the higher surface roughness are observed of cotton materials if compared with those of bamboo and viscose materials. Also, it was shown that depending on the material structure the handle parameters of knitted materials are the better than the ones of woven fabrics.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.1.249

A Corona Discharge Method of Producing Shrink-Resistant Wool and Mohair

Wool fibers were exposed to corona discharge under a variety of voltages, fre quencies, temperatures, and gaseous environments. Optimum temperatures to give shrink resistance were between 100 and 140°C. Substantial shrink resistance was obtained with an exposure time as short as 2 sec. Oxygen slightly improved the results obtained in air. but nitrogen markedly reduced the effectiveness of the treatment. Fibers had to be thinly spread in the corona cell for uniform effect. Reaction rate increased with voltage and frequency and with center-tap grounding of the transformer. Small holes were burned in the samples at 400-800 cps. but burning could he prevented by using a corona cell with dielectric material at both electrodes. Corona discharge treatment increased the cohesive force of top and the tensile strength of yarn, perhaps because of increased single-fiber surface friction. Unchanged dyeing rates, unchanged solubility in acids and bases, and unchanged single-fiber tensile properties indicate that the reaction is limited to the cuticle. Application of cationic softeners at low pII eliminated shrink resistance; removal of the cationic compounds restored the shrink resistance. The corona treatments cause fibers to acquire a positive electrostatic charge. Fabric could not be made shrink resistant because the gaseous reactants did not penetrate adequately. However, shrink-resistant fabric was produced from 'continuously treated card webbing. Difficulty was encountered in pin drafting the sliver. Fiber and fabric hand was usually somewhat harsh, depending on degree of treatment, but softening agents at neutral or higher pH restored hand without significant loss of shrink resistance, No chemicals are required for the process, only electrical power. At one treatment level, electrical cost is estimated to be 0.05¢ or less per pound of wool treated. Low processing cost should make the method commercially attractive. The treatment can also make mohair shrink resistant.

Effect of Creaseproofing Agents on Lightfastness of Sensitive Dyes

The lightfastness of several classes of dye is known to be greatly affected by certain types of finishing agents such as cationic softeners and conventional types of crease proofing agents. However, little or nothing has heretofore been published by either the dye companies or chemical manufacturers regarding the effects on lightfastness of some of the newer or lesser known creaseproofing cotnpounds. Three classes of dye which show the greatest sensitivity of lightfastness are the directs, the diazotized and developed, and the new "linkage" or "reactive" type dyes. This paper will describe the effects on lightfastness of most of the presently available creaseproofing agents on these three classes of dyes. A few selected vat dyes will also be included in the study. The data presented will be helpful to mills in selecting creaseproofing compounds for the finishing of dyed and printed fabrics.

Fabric treatment with cationic softeners

Fabric treatment with cationic softeners