Charismatic Renewal Research Articles

Jadidism as a New Type of Religiousity: Essay on Preliminary Conceptualization

The present article focuses on understanding the phenomenon of Jadidism in the context of the global Islamic renewal movement. It consists of an introduction, two paragraphs and a conclusion. In the introduction, the author indicates the relevance and extent of discussion of the topic. It emphasizes the admissibility of various approaches to the thematization of this phenomenon. The first paragraph deals with some modern concepts in the historiography of the Jadid issue. It also criticizes an attempt to shut down this issue with a revisionist deconstruction of the opposition between Jadidism and Kadimism as presented in the works of D. DeWeese and some of his Russian supporters. The author argues for the absence of serious grounds for rejecting this opposition, for the rhetorical nature of its criticism and for the irrelevance of the revisionists’ arguments. In the second paragraph, the author shifts the focus from criticism of opponents to a “positive” presentation of some of the fundamental theses that must be taken into account when studying the Jadid movement. Based on the conceptual distinction between religiosity and religion, the author describes Jadidism as a new type of religiosity that has emerged as a result of responding to the challenges of modernity. At the same time, the term “modernity” itself is interpreted in the light of the theory of multiple versions of modernity. This helps to avoid an overly facile evaluation of Islamic modernism as an inherently Eurocentric phenomenon. Furthermore, the second paragraph points out that Islamic modernism, including Jadidism, is deeply rooted in the Islamic tradition of tajdid. The author concludes with his interpretation of the essence of the Jadid project.

Gender and Class in Nineteenth‐Century Catholic Charity: Categories of Difference in the Discourses and Practices of the Belgian Vincentians

During the nineteenth century, Catholic charity was an important source of poor relief in Belgium, as well as a means for Catholics to practice and express their devotion. Driven by a renewed religious fervour, men and women actively engaged in lay charitable organisations with the purpose of serving God through the poor and working towards self‐sanctification. Historical research has especially noted women's charitable fervour, furthering the idea that the nineteenth century was characterised by a feminisation of religion. Recent studies have shown, however, that men did not become estranged from religion, and that multiple religious identities and practices existed at the same time across different contexts. Charity attracted both men and women, but the various masculinities and femininities that existed in the charitable space have seldom been explored. This study examines how gender roles were defined in the discourses of Catholic charities and the ways in which these roles structured social interactions among charitable actors, and between them and their recipients. To this end, two lay charities are taken as a case study: the Society and the Ladies of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, both committed to the practice of poor visits.

Integration of Substance Use Disorder Treatment Into a Traditional Community Mental Health Treatment System.

In response to the opioid crisis, Catholic Charities of Baltimore sought to integrate substance use disorder treatment into their outpatient community mental health clinics. The agency developed a systematic practice improvement strategy that included a competency-based curriculum and supervision plan for psychiatric providers and therapists. Psychiatric providers developed competency with medications used to treat substance use disorders, and therapists developed competency in therapeutic modalities to treat substance use disorders, all of which were gradually integrated into outpatient clinics. This column demonstrates that integration of substance use disorder treatment into outpatient community mental health care is feasible and beneficial.

The Evangelical Quadrilateral. Vol. I: Characterizing the British Gospel Movement. Vol. II: The Denominational Mosaic of the British Gospel Movement

For more than forty years David Bebbington has been one of the most prolific and influential historians of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British religion. His The Nonconformist Conscience (1982) explored the attitudes and political impact of Nonconformity between Forster’s Education Act of 1870 and the First World War; he has also written extensively on the life and thought of W. E. Gladstone. However, Evangelicalism in Modern Britain, published in 1989, made Bebbington’s reputation as a scholar of the transatlantic evangelical movement, and his fourfold characterization of evangelical emphases—biblicism, conversionism, crucicentrism, and activism—has passed into historiographical tradition as the ‘Bebbington quadrilateral’.The present collection gathers thirty-two essays, articles, and papers into two volumes under the broad title of The Evangelical Quadrilateral. One paper, an essay on ‘The Rise of Charismatic Renewal in Britain’, is published here for the first time; the others have appeared over almost forty years in journals, conference proceedings, Festschriften, and other forms. The first volume focuses on evangelical identity: character and culture, American influence, doctrine and experience, history and science, and trends into the twenty-first century, developing themes applicable to evangelicals of many different denominational traditions. The second volume explores the ‘denominational mosaic’, with sections on Anglicans, Methodists, Baptists, and a variety of ‘others’, from the Brethren to the Buchmanites of the Oxford Group.Methodism is generously represented in this collection. Almost half of the ‘denominational mosaic’ volume is made up of essays on aspects of Methodism history, from wide-ranging surveys of entire sanctification and spirituality across a century or case-studies of Free Methodism in Louth, Primitive Methodism in Weardale, and the innovative (and hitherto underappreciated) Home Mission endeavours of mid-nineteenth-century Wesleyanism. Methodism also features in the first volume, for instance in essays on holiness, science, cultural diffusion, and deathbed piety. Those familiar with Professor Bebbington’s work will not be surprised to find in each of the papers his characteristic breadth of research, strength and subtlety of analysis, engagement with other scholars, and ability to range widely, in period and place. Whether offering an overview of evangelical identity or a detailed study of an individual like D. L. Moody or Henry Drummond or drawing out the significance of a particular incident like the Fernley Lecture controversy of 1913, the argument is presented with incisive clarity, supported by a wealth of examples and illustrations.The obvious benefit of a collection such as this is the bringing together of papers previously scattered, some of which may have originally appeared in volumes or journals that are now difficult to obtain. As well as accessibility, proximity is also helpful, allowing explicit cross-reference and the interplay of one paper with another. Moreover, each volume begins with a substantial introduction, in which Professor Bebbington discusses developments in scholarship since the chapters were first published. The introductions serve as an annotated bibliography of recent research. In the case of volume I, the introduction examines criticisms of the approach taken by Evangelicalism in Modern Britain, concluding that the main lines of the analysis have stood the test of time. In particular, the author insists that the quadrilateral is historical and not normative: it seeks to show what the evangelical movement was, not what it ought to be.David Bebbington’s scholarly output would have allowed for another volume or two of his collected essays, without risk of repetition. Students and researchers will be grateful to the author and to Baylor University Press for making this material accessible, so that it can continue to stimulate engagement with the unfailingly fascinating phenomenon of evangelicalism.

Contributions of the Liturgical Renewal Movement and Concerns for the Future Renewal of Liturgy

Contributions of the Liturgical Renewal Movement and Concerns for the Future Renewal of Liturgy

Дневник путешествия в Монголию калмыцкого ламы Дорджи Сетенова

Socio-economic reforms of the turn of the 20th century had their effect on the ethnic outskirts of the Russian state. In the Kalmyk nomadic societies of the Astrakhan and Stavropol gubernias and in Kalmyk stanitsas of the Province of the Don Cossack Host, there began a revival movement among Buddhist priests, reconnection to the Buddhist world. The article is to study the renewal process in the Kalmyk monk community drawing on travel notes of the said monks made on pilgrimage to Tibet and Mongolia. Discourse problematics come from the need to analyze the revival movement and the process of renewal of the ties to the Buddhist world. Travel notes of Kalmyk pilgrims are regarded as one of the aspects of the issue. Despite great interest of researchers to the history of Kalmyk Buddhism, the renewal movement remains outside the scientific field. Meanwhile, the revival movement and the process of renewing ties to the Buddhist world are extraordinarily important not only for study of the Kalmyk Buddhism history, but also for inclusion of imperial outskirts in all-Russian socio-economic reforms. The article draws on a manuscript titled “Journey through Mongolia of the head of all khuruls of the Bolshederbetovsky ulus bagshi Dorji Setenov,” which is kept in the fonds of the Russian Geographical Society. The diary written in Russian is an example of Kalmyk pilgrim travel notes of the turn of the 20th century. While the travel notes of D. Setenov and manuscripts of other Kalmyk pilgrims are known to researchers, this text has never been published. The artistic content of the notes has been assessed by literary scholars, but they remained unnoticed as a source on renewal movement in the Kalmyk Buddhism. Source analysis of the travel notes demonstrates authenticity their data on social status, religious life, and monastery education in Mongolia. Comprehensive analysis of the text and use of biographical methods permit to research it in relation to life and actions of its author. D. Setenov’s manuscript is a valuable personal provenance source reflecting the nature of renewing ties to the Buddhist world and uniqueness of the renewal movement among Kalmyk priesthood. The manuscript remains relevant and important to researchers studying the history of Buddhism in Russia and Mongolia.

The Historical Background and Development of Catholic Charismatic Renewal Movement in Kenya: A Case of Catholic Diocese of Meru

The emergence and widespread of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal Movement (CCRM) is clad with opportunities and challenges, attracting admirers and facing resistance from parish priests accusing them of defiance, divisions, confusion, and suspicion among the faithful. This article is an extraction of Mutua’s thesis (2023). The article sought to survey the historical development and characteristics of the CCRM in the Catholic Diocese of Meru (CDM).The study employed the Rational Choice Theory. This theory argues that religion and its systems compensate humans while human beings themselves are viewed as actors who act rationally as they make their best choices they calculate costs and gained benefits. A descriptive survey design was used whereby opinions of the CCRM members across the CDM were sought on its origins. A sample size was 352. Comprising of CCRM members and leaders. Priest and a bishop were used in data collection. The findings revealed that CCRM started in the CDM in 1996 and since then it has continued to spread and grow. Further, the findings indicated that despite facing initial resistance. The hierarchy of the Church across the CDM has embraced the movement in a bid to counter pressure and break away to other Charismatic/Pentecostal churches.

Izbori na području opštine Novi Pazar početkom devedesetih godina XX veka

The fall of the Berlin Wall led to the collapse of socialism and initiated the process of re-parliamentarization. This period was characterized by the establishment of multi-partyism, involving the revitalization or transformation of some old parties and the formation of new parties. Additionally, multi-party elections were organized. The path of political pluralization of SR Serbia started after the adoption of the position of the LC of Serbia at the XI Congress that "the League of Communists does not claim a political monopoly". Party pluralization and political processes in the territory of the Novi Pazar municipality followed the above processes and events. During 1990, committees of the most important republican parties (Socialist Party of Serbia, SPS, Serbian Renewal Movement, SPO, Union of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia, SRSJ, and others) were founded in the municipality, along with a branch of the most significant party from the SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Party of Democratic Action, SDA. The antagonism between the peoples at the federal level was transferred to the municipal area as well. Different views of socio-political events from the past in the municipality contributed to increased divisions. Due to the political turbulence in the country, the electorate primarily turned to parties with a national program. National parties often emphasized the perceived threat and humiliation of their own national groups in the preceding period. With such statements, parties rapidly carried out national homogenization and division among the local population, also profiting politically. Trust in uni-national parties was immediately evident. During the first multi-party elections, the SDA won convincingly. Its candidates managed to secure 90% of the votes from the local Muslim population. The Serbian population allocated its votes to the SPO and SPS, with the SPO winning the parliamentary elections. The tendency of trust in national parties continued in the following period. The Party of Democratic Action managed to maintain political primacy among the Muslim population of the municipality during this period. This is evidenced by the boycotts of the elections in 1992 and 1993 by the majority of Muslims. A smaller number of Muslims supported more moderate parties, such as the SRSJ. The Serbian population of the municipality, unlike the Muslim population, actively participated in all elections. Throughout the entire period, the political pluralization of the Serbs was noticeable. The Socialist Party of Serbia managed to assert itself over time as the most significant party among the local Serbian population. The elections showed that the politics of moderate and more conciliatory currents, such as SRSJ, experienced a debacle. Despite the antagonisms and the tense political climate, he elections took place in a tolerant manner without major incidents. The election results were accepted. An enviable amount of political culture was demonstrated among the local parties. Democratic elections have shown that it is possible to discuss very delicate and latent problems from the past, even in difficult times. With the de-escalation of the situation at the level of Yugoslavia and, subsequently, with the changes on October 5th, inter-ethnic relations in political advancements began to lose their importance. Gradually, tensions subsided. Political pluralization among the Muslim population of the municipality also contributed to this. Instead of national issues, the municipality's focus shifted to the daily life concerns of the local population and the inter-party relations of the Muslim parties.

Paradygmat wychowawczy Matki Kolumby Białeckiej i dominikanek w Wielowsi

The Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Dominic, founded in 1861 in Wielowies, Galicia, by mother Kolumba Bialecka was part of the renewal movement in the Order of Preachers in the XIXth century. Mother Kolumba and her sisters, among different types of apostolate, taught in local school, which they founded just after their arrival to Wielowies. Mother Kolumba did not leave any written treatise on educational system, but she and her sisters, formed by dominican spirituality, used educational methods, which can be categorized by the terms of thomistic concept of pedagogics – especially integral human growth focused on the development of mind, free will and body. In this article author restores those methods basing on the sources such as The Book of the Protocols from the Conferences of Teachers in School in Wielowies or The Chronicle of the School and by describing them by the traits specific to the thomistic pedagogics, places them among the dominican tradition of education.

شاہ ولی اللہ کی تحریک اور اس کی اسلامی خدمات کے اردو ادب پر اثرات : ا یک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Shah Waliullah Dehlavi (1702/3-1762) was a renowned great Muslim reformist of the 18th- century Indian subcontinent. He pioneered an Islamic revivalist movement. He took various steps to protect the Muslims in India, Started various movements of reforms and renewal. At the same time, he made a realistic assessment of the protection of Islamic values, Political changes and emerging powers in India and made plans for the survival of the nation and identity. His movement also contributed literary fields as well. This article highlights the impact of Shah Waliullah’s movement on the Urdu literature. Through the Urdu translations of Arabic and Persian writings of Shah Waliullah and those associated with his movement, the vocabulary of these languages was transferred to Urdu. These books are also important in the sense that other authors wrote new books based on them or added to the repertoire of Urdu literature through their Urdu translations.

A inserção social do pentecostalismo no Brasil

Pentecostalism has become, in the history of the Protestant religious tradition, a chapter of indisputable relevance. Through not dogmatic or academic paths, he established himself as a clear representative of the pneumatological interpretation of the Christian presence in the world, without the necessary dependence on theological categories but for a simple and popular reading of the sacred books, for this very reason, he effectively expanded his influence on all continents being recognized as a legitimate member of world Christianity. In his secular history He highlighted the free examination of the Scriptures and in this regard he was prodigal in the implantation of communities and denominations that do not cease to multiply, as for example in Brazil. From this movement of spiritual renewal, of morality customs and hermeneutic freedom, since the 1980s, the neo-Pentecostal variant with more daring and freedom of action in society, using them as media and especially direct participation in the political field, emerged attitude that is becoming generalized across the entire Pentecostal spectrum and in historical Protestantism.

Latinos Shifting Republican?

Abstract This article utilizes the Latino Religions and Politics National Survey (n = 1,292) to provide a preliminary investigation into Latino religious and political identity and voting results in the 2020 Election. It provides important new data on the Latino vote lean by religion (Catholic, Protestant, Evangelical, Pentecostal, Catholic Charismatic), with special attention to the critical role that religion in general and Evangelicals and Pentecostals/Charismatics in particular may have played in helping to increase Latino Republican support for President Trump across the nation from 28 percent in 2016 to 32 percent in 2020 and increase his levels of support in Florida and Texas. While religion is just one of many important variables and factors that may help explain the recent if subtle Latino shift towards the Republican Party, it is nonetheless important.

Rethinking the Catholic Charismatic Renewal Movement: an African ecclesiological approach

The Catholic Charismatic Renewal Movement accepts and practices the beliefs in the gifts of the Holy Spirit without leaving the fundamental teachings of a mainline tradition. Similarly, in the Catholic Church, this is a movement that has embraced the gifts of the Holy Spirit without leaving Catholicism. The movement has been influenced largely by the protestant tradition, particularly the Pentecostal movement, hence some resemblances with Pentecostal ecclesiological practices such as charismatic worship, prophecy, divine healing, and speaking in tongues. Previous studies on this movement have only looked at the various challenges or attacks on the movement such as shifting their focus away from the church ordinances and sacraments. What is new in this article, is a reflection on the practices of the charismatic renewal in offering a relevant African ecclesiology. This will be done by locating this article within an African ecclesiological approach which when applied to the charismatic renewal makes the movement relevant to an African context.

Transatlantic Charismatic Renewal, c. 1950–2000. Edited by Andrew Atherstone, Mark P. Hutchinson, and John Maiden. Global Pentecostal and Charismatic Studies 41. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2021. viii + 260 pp. $63.00 paper.

Transatlantic Charismatic Renewal, c. 1950–2000. Edited by Andrew Atherstone, Mark P. Hutchinson, and John Maiden. Global Pentecostal and Charismatic Studies 41. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2021. viii + 260 pp. $63.00 paper. - Volume 91 Issue 4

Pietismus Handbuch ed. by Wolfgang Breul

Reviewed by: Pietismus Handbuch ed. by Wolfgang Breul Peter James Yoder Pietismus Handbuch. Edited by Wolfgang Breul. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2021. xi + 797 pp. Wolfgang Breul, a prominent scholar of Pietism, offers an excellent addition to the growing body of research regarding the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century German Protestant renewal movement. In its breadth of engagement, accessibility of information, and collection of formidable contributors, this encyclopedic work stands out among recent German-language introductions to Pietism, especially as it complements and offers correctives to the four-volume Geschichte des Pietismus (1993–2004) commissioned by the Historischen Kommission zur Erforschung des Pietismus. The over fifty articles found in this handbook are grouped under six headings: 1) Orientierung; 2) Anfänge; 3) Personen und Gruppen; 4) Städte, Territorien, Regionen, Länder; 5) Themen; and 6) Beziehungen, Wirkung, und Rezeption. Breul nestles the topics of theology, piety (Frömmigkeit), and society and culture into the “Themen (Topics)” category. The articles are relatively brief synopses, and the list of contributors includes both well-established Pietism scholars and younger researchers, who have brought fresh insight into the study of the movement. The volume begins with a collection of methodological and research-oriented articles. Among these are Brigitte Klosterberg’s “Archive, Bibliotheken, Editionen” and Katherine Faull’s “Digital Humanities,” both of which help further an understanding of access to important Pietist texts and are useful companions to the 127-page bibliography of primary and secondary literature found at the end of the volume. The second section, “Anfänge [End Page 476] (Beginnings),” contains articles on individuals, movements, and theological systems (such as alchemy, “mystical spiritualism,” and Lutheran Orthodoxy) that played a role in initiating Pietism. It is notable that broad, inclusive definitions of Pietism, found in the works of F. Ernest Stoeffler and Martin Brecht, are given a backseat to perspectives that recognize the independence and particularity of German Pietism or the mutual inter-dependence of Pietism and other reform movements. Thus, instead of an article featuring William Perkins as a father of Pietism, Jan van de Kamp (“Pietismus und Puritanismus”) provides insight into the place of Puritan devotional literature in Pietism, noting the complexity in how individuals appropriated certain Puritan writings or ideas into their own contexts. The contributions in “Personen und Gruppen” cover a range of Lutheran, Reformed, Moravian, and “radical” individuals. Among the articles on those associated with Pietism, Douglas Shantz’s “Johann Friedrich Rock und die Inspirierten” and Malte van Spankeren’s “Johann Jacob Rambach” offer insight into individuals and groups often located on the periphery of the movement. The fourth section offers contributions covering important cities, territories, and regions associated with Pietism. Breul has included articles on Scandinavia (Manfred Jakubowski-Tiessen and Urban Claesson) and southeastern Europe (Zoltan Csepregi), but there is an absence of contributions on London or the broader connection to England. The section on “Themen (Topics)” does a fine job of covering most major ideas and practices of Pietists, though the important world of catechesis, especially as a platform for renewal, does not find the amount of discussion it deserves. The final section includes eight articles that offer a sense of Pietism’s ongoing place in the history of Protestantism. Jan Carsten Schnurr’s contribution “Erweckungsbewegung (Awakening Movement)” exemplifies the articles of this section. Schnurr elaborates on the complex relationship between the nineteenth-century German awakening movement and Pietism, situating Pietism among other influences upon that awakening. He proceeds to trace specific points in which we find connections between German Pietism, “Spätpietismus (Late Pietism),” and the awakening movements in [End Page 477] Germany. By tracing this religious genealogy, he—among others in this section— provides bookends to the volume. Among recent one-volume introductions to German Pietism, this book stands out as a resource for academics. It offers substantive insight into the various dynamics of Pietism and complements long-standing introductions. The volume’s limitations are to be expected, considering the scope and length of the articles. Where we would hope to find a detailed examination of an idea, individual, or event, we are left with a condensed summary. Nevertheless, this work does a superb job introducing readers to the movement and leading them toward...

Take Pity: What Disability Rights Can Learn from Religious Charity.

Disability rights advocates have traditionally denigrated charity as politically counterproductive and inherently demeaning. This article argues that this perspective mischaracterizes charity of a religious kind. Religious charity, I argue, must be understood immanently, through an exploration of the virtues cultivated in particular religious organizations. I consider two Catholic charities: L'Arche, a community for intellectually disabled people, and the end-of-life care facility Our Lady of Perpetual Help Home. At each organization, individual acts of charity are emblematic of an underlying virtue that I call caritas or charity-love. This transforms them into gestures that advance goals that are consonant with those of the disability rights movement. In the case of Our Lady, this is even true of pity, perhaps the most despised emotion of the disability rights tradition. But while disability rights advocates have characterized pity as essentially devaluing disabled people, at Our Lady, it is an emotion that freely circulates, undoing hierarchical distinctions between ability and disability, and even human and divine. This redefined notion of pity-which I term misericordia-can, I conclude provide a new foundation for disability politics, one that radicalizes the goals of the disability rights movement, while also positing objectives that go beyond legal compliance.

The growth of new Pentecostal churches in Sweden 2000–2020

ABSTRACT During the first decades of the twenty-first century, Pentecostalism in Sweden has grown thanks to a large number of new local churches and due to Charismatic renewal in historic churches. In this article, the growth pattern of the new local Pentecostal churches is analysed from different aspects, that is from a chronological perspective, with reference to geographical location, with reference to cultural background, with reference to the historical categories of Pentecostalism, and with reference to denominational belonging. The growth has accelerated during the last decade and a new ecclesial landscape is gradually forming in Sweden. Many of the new churches are non-denominational and founded by migrants or as part of a mission effort from abroad. Much of the growth has taken place in the three larger urban centres of the country. Ninety-five per cent of all the churches have their roots in either Neo-Charismatic or Classical Pentecostal denominations or networks.

Gagasan Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan: Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas Dan Intelektual Muslim Indonesia

The Islamization of the science movement arose due to Muslim intellectual concerns about the scientific crisis experienced by Muslims because it was contaminated with secular-based Western science and was incompatible with Muslims because it separated religion from science. The purpose of this study is to raise the idea of Islamization of science by Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas and the response of several Indonesian Muslim intellectuals to the idea of science. By looking at the characters' essays and descriptive-analytical-critical methods, the researchers found that al-Attas offered the concept of Islamization of science and the concept of Islamic education. Meanwhile, Indonesian Muslim intellectuals offer the concept of the Islamization of science in the integration-interconnectivity of knowledge. The concept of integration of knowledge precedes or surpasses the Islamization movement of Naquib al-Attas because this movement was motivated by the Islamic renewal movement that was born at the end of the 19th century, long before the Islamization of science was born in the 20th century.

Turkish-Uzbek Enlightenment literature theoretical foundations

In this article the renewal movements in Turkey and Uzbekistan in the beginning of the ХХ th century, the works of its main representatives, Mehmed Akif Ersoy and Abdurauf Fitrat are comparatively studied. The theoretical foundations of Turkish-Uzbek enlightenment literature are determined based on the principles of comparative literary studies. There is given an overview of the Western factors that influenced this literature.

Pedagogías de la frontera: innovación en la didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales en Canarias

The present work tackles the relation between the Pedagogical Renewal Movements and the methodological innovation in the didactics of the social sciences. For this, a qualitative research has been carried out through the analysis of various sources, mainly, the specific publication of the Tamonante collective and the Tahor Magazine, as well as documentation prepared by participating groups and teachers. The main objective that is pursued is to determine the implication of the Pedagogical Renewal Movements in the constitution of active methodological assumptions that will led to a whole paradigm shift in teaching after the years of dictatorship and the constitution of an innovate educational in the Canary Islands. All of this will lay the foundations for the incorporation of innovative methodologies in the classroom where students assume a leading role and heritage as an essential element of the didactic proposal in the Canary Islands.