Cathodic Stripping Research Articles

Influence of strong iron-binding ligands on cloud water oxidant capacity

Iron (Fe) plays a dual role in atmospheric chemistry: it is involved in chemical and photochemical reactivity and serves as a micronutrient for microorganisms that have recently been shown to produce strong organic ligands. These ligands control the reactivity, mobility, solubility and speciation of Fe, which have a potential impact on Fe bioavailability and cloud water oxidant capacity.In this work, the concentrations of Fe-binding ligands and the conditional stability constants were experimentally measured for the first time by Competitive Ligand Exchange-Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CLE-ACSV) technique in cloud water samples collected at puy de Dôme (France). The conditional stability constants, which indicate the strength of the Fe-ligand complexes, are higher than those considered until now in cloud chemistry (mainly Fe-oxalate). To understand the effect of Fe complexation on cloud water reactivity, we used the CLEPS cloud chemistry model. According to the model results, we found that Fe complexation impacts the hydroxyl radical formation rate: contrary to our expectations, Fe complexation by natural organic ligands led to an increase in hydroxyl radical production. These findings have important impacts on cloud chemistry and the global iron cycle.

Iron and copper complexation in Macaronesian coastal waters

Dissolved iron (dFe) and copper (dCu), the concentration and the conditional stability constants of organic binding ligands (LFe, LCu, log KcondFe3+L and log KcondCu2+L) were studied in the surface coastal waters of the Macaronesia region (Cape Verde, Canary Islands, and Madeira) using competitive ligand exchange-adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-ACSV). Two oceanic stations were also studied: the Cape Verde Ocean Observatory (CVOO) and the European Station for Time Series in the Ocean in the Canary Islands (ESTOC). Dissolved Fe varied from 0.46 to 1.32 nM and LFe concentrations were between 0.56 and 2.96 nM. More than 98% of the total dFe was complexed with conditional stability constants (log KcondFe3+L) between 20.77 and 21.90 (L2-type ligands). Dissolved Cu concentrations ranged between 0.07 and 4.03 nM and the amount of LCu varied between 0.54 and 2.59 nM, with more than 99% of dCu organically complexed. The conditional stability constant (log KcondCu2+L) showed values between 13.40 and 14.42 (L1-type).Due to biological activity and water mixing induced by the wind around the islands, dissolved metals and ligand concentrations were greater at the coastal stations than in oceanic water. Variations were observed between the eastern and western parts of Fogo, Tenerife and Gran Canaria. On the east coasts, the increase in dissolved metals and ligand concentrations were related to wind-induced water mixing. The results of this study will contribute to the knowledge about the impact of coastal areas on the Fe and Cu biogeochemical cycles.

Bismuth-Chitosan Nanocomposite Sensors for Trace Level Detection of Ni(II) and Co(II) in Water Samples

Trace minerals play an essential role in methane production via anaerobic digestion (AD). It is important to monitor Ni(II) and Co(II) concentrations and the Ni/Co concentration ratio for the rapid diagnosis of the ecological status or activity of methanogens in AD. Electrochemical detection of Ni(II) and Co(II) was investigated by coating the Bi-chitosan nanocomposite on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) via the electrodeposition technique. A square-wave adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry technique (SWAdCSV) was applied and optimized when dimethylglyoxime (DMG) was used as the chelating agent for Ni(II) and Co(II) measurements. The SWAdCSV results showed that the current peaks for Co(II) detection are 6.1 times greater than the current peaks for Ni(II) measurements, probably due to the different affinity of DMG molecules between Ni(II) and Co(II). DMG molecules demonstrated higher selectivity toward Co(II) cations compared to Ni(II). The modified Bi-chitosan GCE developed in this study showed a relatively wide range of the Ni(II) and Co(II) concentrations (2–100 µg L−1) with a limit of detection of 3.6 µg L−1 for Ni(II) and 2.4 µg L−1 for Co(II), respectively. The developed sensor was applied to Ni(II) and Co(II) spiked natural water samples and showed good performance of detection with 12 consecutive measurements. Overall, the fabricated sensor showed excellent sensitivity toward Ni(II) and Co(II) in natural water samples.

Development of 2-aminobenzoic Acid as a Complexing Ligand for Simultaneous Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Trace Copper, Lead and Cadmium

Development of 2-aminobenzoic Acid as a Complexing Ligand for Simultaneous Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Trace Copper, Lead and Cadmium

Simultaneous Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Analysis of Heavy Metals at Graphenated Cupferron Pencil Rods

Electroanalysis of heavy metal ions in the presence of cupferron ligands has been extensively studied due to its ability to form stable metallic coordination complexes. Herein, electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) sheets were for the first time employed in conjunction with low-cost, disposable pencil graphite rods and in situ plated thin mercury films (HgF) for the simultaneous detection of Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ in the presence of cupferron as a chelating agent by square-wave adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (SW-AdCSV). The technique is based on the catalytic reduction of adsorbed cupferron-metal ion complexes at the surface of the ERGO-HgF-PGE at 0.1 V for 60 s in 0.1 M acetate buffer solution (pH 4.6). Owing to the improved electronic and surface effects associated with ERGO inclusion, improved sensitivity was further achieved. Under optimized conditions, the ERGO-HgF-PGE showed a linear relationship from 20 to 200 μg.l−1 with detection limits below the US-EPA of 0.17 μg.l−1, 0.02 μg.l−1, 0.17 μg.l−1 and 0.14 μg.l−1 for Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+, respectively at a deposition time of 60 s. The ERGO-HgF-PGE exhibited highly reproducible results with negligible intermetallic interferences and applied successfully to the determination of trace metals in tap water with satisfactory results.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) Using 5-(4-Ethylphenyl azo ) 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde Oxime Reagent

Spectrophotometric Determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) Using 5-(4-Ethylphenyl azo ) 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde Oxime Reagent

Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Lisinopril in Dosage Forms and Biological Fluids

Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Lisinopril in Dosage Forms and Biological Fluids

Effect of salinity and temperature on the determination of dissolved iron-binding organic ligands in the polar marine environment

It is widely accepted that iron (Fe)-binding organic ligands play a crucial role in Fe distribution in the marine environment and thus in Fe biogeochemistry. Although Competitive Ligand Equilibration – Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CLE-AdCSV) is a well-established technique to investigate Fe chemical speciation in marine samples, several impediments still need to be addressed. These include the extrapolation of laboratory measurements to in-situ conditions, the harmonization of the analytical procedures used, and the applicability of the methods over salinity ranges wider than seawater (e.g., sea ice). This work focusses on the calibration of 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-p-cresol (TAC), salicylaldoxime (SA) and 1-nitroso-2-naphthol (NN), along the salinity range 1–90, and titration of natural samples at two different temperatures (4 °C and 20 °C). The artificial ligand concentration was 10 μM for TAC and 5 μM for SA and NN. Calibrations showed that increasing salinity caused a decrease in the conditional stability constants (logK'Fe’AL) for NN and SA (although different behaviours were noted for the two species FeSA and FeSA2). Less accuracy was noted using TAC, which behaved inconsistently outside the 21 < S < 35 range, and its use is therefore discouraged in fresh and highly saline waters. Titrations of natural samples showed that only SA covered the salinity range selected, up to 78, and its use is therefore recommended in sea-ice studies. The side reaction coefficient (logα'Fe’AL) of each artificial ligand was found to be influenced by temperature differently: logα'Fe’SA was higher at lower temperature (4 °C), whereas logα'Fe’SA2 and logα'Fe’NN3 increased with increasing temperature (to 20 °C). Although titrations performed at 4 °C highlighted that the uncomplexed Fe fraction was 14% lower than at 20 °C, with potential consequences on primary productivity, the percentage of natural Fe complexed was >99%. Future investigations should consider the analysis of the samples at a temperature as close as possible to in-situ conditions to reduce the potential temperature effects.

Novel magneto-electrochemical determination of Mn(II)

This study describes the robust modification of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE) for the magneto-electrochemical determination of Mn2+, in real soil samples, by square wave cathodic stripping voltammetry (SW-CSV). The carbon surface of a SPE was modified with electrodeposited Au, then dropcast with Fe3O4 NPs functionalised with l-cysteine within a graphene oxide matrix. The magnetic Fe3O4 NPs within the modification significantly increased the diffusion coefficient of the paramagnetic Mn2+ ion during deposition. Likewise, it also increased the number of hydroxyls available for the formation of the MnO2 layer, attributed to chiral induced spin selectivity. The reduced graphene oxide (RGO) served to increase the surface area and heterogenous electron transfer rate of the intermediate reactions. The Au/l-cys/Fe3O4/RGO modification displayed two significant improvements: enhancement of the Mn2+ response signal (212-fold increase) and improved flexibility for the analytical method (linear ranges from 0.5 to 300 µg L-1 to 62 – 1500 µg L-1 using deposition times of 300 or 30 s, respectively). Ten soil sample extracts were tested for Mn2+, by SW-CSV using the Au/l-cys/Fe3O4/RGO modified SPE, and showed good agreement with FAAS, average error of 6.8%.

Equilibrium calculations of iron speciation and apparent iron solubility in the Celtic Sea at ambient seawater pH using the NICA-Donnan model

We used a combined ion pairing - organic matter speciation model (NICA-Donnan) to predict the organic complexation of iron (Fe) at ambient pH and temperature in the Celtic Sea. We optimized our model by direct comparison with Fe speciation determined by Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry using the added Fe-binding ligand 1-nitroso-2-naphthol (HNN) in the presence and absence of natural organic matter. We compared determined Fe speciation with simulated titrations obtained via application of the NICA-Donnan model with four different NICA parameter sets representing a range of binding site strengths and heterogeneities. We tested the assumption that binding sites scale to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in marine waters. We found that a constant low DOC concentration resulted in an improved fit of our titration data to the simulated titrations, suggesting that inputs of autochthonous marine DOM may not increase the heterogeneity or concentrations of Fe binding sites. Using the optimal parameter set, we calculated pFe(III)´ (−log(∑Fe(OH)i3−i)) and apparent Fe(III) solubility (SFe(III)app) at ambient pH and temperature in the water column of the Celtic Sea. SFe(III)app was defined as the sum of aqueous inorganic Fe(III) species and Fe(III) bound to DOM formed at a free Fe (Fe3+) concentration equal to the limiting solubility of Fe hydroxide (Fe(OH)3(s)). SFe(III)app was within range of the determined dissolved Fe concentrations observed after winter mixing on the shelf and in waters >1500 m depth at our most offshore stations. Our study supports the hypothesis that the ocean dissolved Fe inventory is controlled by the interplay between Fe solubility and Fe binding by organic matter, although the overall number of metal binding sites in the marine environment may not be directly scalable to DOC concentrations.

Fractionation Analysis of Iron in Coastal Rivers to Yantai Sishili Bay with a Bismuth Microrods-Based Electrochemical Sensor

As an essential metal micronutrient, Fe plays an important role in the marine biogeochemical cycling process, and the bioavailability of Fe has a direct relationship with its fractions in water. The fractionation analysis of iron in main coastal rivers to Yantai Sishili Bay was achieved with an electrochemical sensor based on bismuth microrods (BiMRs). The sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscope and electrochemical methods, and the reliability of the sensor was verified by the determination of the standard samples. Different fractions of iron in coastal river waters, including total iron (TFe), total dissolved iron (TDFe) and particulate iron (PFe), have been determined by combining simple sample pretreatments and cathodic stripping voltammetry with the BiMRs-based sensor. The average concentrations of TFe in Guangdang River, Xin’an River and Yuniao River were 4.02, 3.66 and 4.42 μmol L−1, respectively. The main fractionation of iron in three rivers was PFe, which accounts for 84.46%, 87.56% and 92.34%, respectively. Furthermore, the relationships between iron concentration and tidal action, salinity, dissolved oxygen and other factors were also investigated.

Near-electrode pH change for voltammetric detection of insoluble lead carbonate

Lead contamination of drinking water is a concern to all inhabitants of old cities where lead pipes and soldering are still present. Simple on-site electrochemical detection methods are promising technologies that have gained attention recently. However, conventional electrochemical techniques only quantify soluble forms of lead in water without accounting for insoluble particulates. Herein, a simple voltammetric technique for quantification of insoluble lead species is reported. Lead carbonate (PbCO3) was used as a model compound to show the possibility of detecting particulate lead species directly in solution without chemical treatment. Specifically, electrochemical generation of protons was used as an alternative method to dissolve PbCO3 and thus obtain a more realistic assessment of lead contamination. Lead was detected using cathodic stripping square wave voltammetry (CSSWV). After applying a high oxidizing potential to the electrode immersed in a PbCO3 solution with solid PbCO3 particulates, a significant increase in current was observed as compared to that of a saturated PbCO3 solution. The signal was proportional to the amount of added PbCO3, even when the solubility limit was exceeded. Thus, the combination of a local pH change with CSSWV provides a simple, rapid, and reagentless method for an in-situ detection of insoluble lead species.

Development of pulse-dilation framing camera for laser-plasma experiment

We develop a traveling wave gated X-ray framing camera based on electron beam pulse-dilation technology. The photocathode is loaded with a direct current (DC) bias of -3 kV and a widening pulse with a slope of 2.7 V/ps, and the microchannel plate biased at -483 V superimposed a negative high voltage gated pulse with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 290 ps. The imaging ratio of the camera is 1∶1. Laser acts on a gold target to generate X-rays for uniform irradiation on the cathode. The temporal resolution of the camera is 20 ps and the gain uniformity of 20 mm cathode strip is better than 20%. The measured value of spatial resolution through a DC ultraviolet light source is 10 lp/mm in the range of imaging surface with a diameter of 56 mm.

Electrochemical methods for monitoring the content of polysulfides in environmental objects

Sulfur-containing products (elemental sulfur, polysulfides) used to control agricultural pests (powdery mildew, anthracnose, scab, spider mite) undergo chemical transformations under environmental conditions resulting in formation of toxic soluble and volatile sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, polysulfides). A relatively simple electrochemical method for monitoring the content of polysulfides in various objects based on cathodic stripping voltammetry (direct- and alternating-current modes) with a mercury-film electrode in an alkaline supporting electrolyte is proposed in the paper. It was shown that the value of the analytical signal depends linearly on the concentration of S2 2- and S3 2- ions in the range of 1•10−7-1•10−3 M. The method can be used to determine the total content of polysulfides in environmental objects and to calculate the average degree of polysulfidity n for Sn 2- ions.

Distribution and size fractionation of nickel and cobalt species along the Amazon estuary and mixing plume

The Amazon River has the largest drainage basin in the world, making it a major source of trace elements and dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the Atlantic Ocean. However, despite the increasing anthropogenic impacts to the Amazon basin, few recent studies exist quantifying trace element data in this region. The aim of the study was to analyze the input and removal processes that influence the transport of Ni and Co species in the Amazon and Pará River estuaries and mixing zone. Toward this goal, this work provides a comprehensive mixing and speciation study for the trace elements Ni and Co. Samples were collected during a period of high river discharge on the RV Meteor cruise M147 (Amazon – GEOTRACES process study GApr11) in the Amazon and Pará River outflow regions, as well as the aging mixing plume to the north, a mangrove belt to the southeast and the North Brazil Current (NBC) seawater endmember. Here we present the results for labile particulate (>0.2 μm), labile and total dissolved (<0.2 μm), large colloidal (0.015–0.2 μm), soluble (<0.015 μm) and ultrafiltered (<1 and < 10 kDa) fractions of Ni and Co in surface waters (towed-fish) and along the water column at different depths (CTD) using comparative approaches by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We observed good agreement between AdCSV and ICP-MS measurements for Ni, and to a lesser extent Co. In general, dissolved and soluble Ni and Co decreased with increasing salinity, however additional non-conservative removal was also observed and attributed to possible biological uptake and colloidal flocculation. Shipboard AdCSV measurements showed that dissolved Ni was present mostly in the “reactive” form as weak complexes, suggesting high bioavailability, while reactive dissolved Co was absent, indicating the presence of strong organic Co complexes. In both Ni and Co, an elevated colloidal fraction was observed at low salinity, suggesting removal of dissolved Ni and Co via colloidal flocculation upon seawater mixing, while the soluble species were transported to the Atlantic Ocean. At depth, the soluble phase dominated, and we observed concentration maxima at 500–1000 m, indicating the presence of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AIW) and possible biological regeneration. We also observed unique source signatures in dissolved and labile particulate Ni and Co species from the Amazon and Pará River outflow regions, in addition to a contribution from mangrove belt-associated groundwater.

Organic complexation of iron by strong ligands and siderophores in the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen deficient zone

Continental margins are an important external source of dissolved iron to the marine environment. However, the mechanisms responsible for the offshore transport of dissolved iron is impacted by the resulting iron speciation. We characterized the iron speciation in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP) oxygen deficient zone (ODZ), including dissolved iron, organic iron-binding ligands, and reduced iron. Organic iron-binding ligands were measured using both competitive ligand exchange adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-ACSV) and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) in order to explore the impact of organic ligands on dissolved iron (dFeT) and iron(II) biogeochemistry in the region. Organic ligands were present in high concentrations (1.06–5.30 nmol L−1) and exceeded dissolved iron concentrations (0.36–4.52 nmol L−1) at all locations. Iron-binding strengths (logKFeL,Fe′cond) ranged 11.22 to 12.75 and were elevated in the ODZ layer relative to the oxygenated water column. LC-ESI-MS revealed the presence of siderophores, or bacterially-produced organic ligands with high Fe-affinity, in all samples analyzed, suggesting these compounds may be produced by microbes in the ODZ despite high ambient dFeT concentrations. This study is the first to characterize siderophores in an ODZ environment to date, and the three siderophores found (amphibactin B, synechobactin c9, synechobactin c10) could contribute to the observed elevated logKFeL,Fe′cond of ligands in the ODZ. Comparative analysis of organic ligand logKFeL,Fe′cond values in other low oxygen environments suggests that strong ligands, including siderophores, could be present in other low oxygen regions. In a simple model of the shelf-to-offshore iron transport mechanism, strong organic iron-binding ligands had a large impact on the longevity and transport of iron in the ODZ. These results suggest that organic ligand composition can have an impact on iron distributions in the ETNP ODZ and regulate the offshore transport of iron to the open ocean.

Fe-binding organic ligands in coastal and frontal regions of the western Antarctic Peninsula

Abstract. Organic ligands are a key factor determining the availability of dissolved iron (DFe) in the high-nutrient low-chlorophyll (HNLC) areas of the Southern Ocean. In this study, organic speciation of Fe is investigated along a natural gradient of the western Antarctic Peninsula, from an ice-covered shelf to the open ocean. An electrochemical approach, competitive ligand exchange – adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-AdCSV), was applied. Our results indicated that organic ligands in the surface water on the shelf are associated with ice-algal exudates, possibly combined with melting of sea ice. Organic ligands in the deeper shelf water are supplied via the resuspension of slope or shelf sediments. Further offshore, organic ligands are most likely related to the development of phytoplankton blooms in open ocean waters. On the shelf, total ligand concentrations ([Lt]) were between 1.2 and 6.4 nM eq. Fe. The organic ligands offshore ranged between 1.0 and 3.0 nM eq. Fe. The southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (SB ACC) separated the organic ligands on the shelf from bloom-associated ligands offshore. Overall, organic ligand concentrations always exceeded DFe concentrations (excess ligand concentration, [L′] = 0.8–5.0 nM eq. Fe). The [L′] made up to 80 % of [Lt], suggesting that any additional Fe input can be stabilized in the dissolved form via organic complexation. The denser modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) on the shelf showed the highest complexation capacity of Fe (αFe'L; the product of [L′] and conditional binding strength of ligands, KFe'Lcond). Since Fe is also supplied by shelf sediments and glacial discharge, the high complexation capacity over the shelf can keep Fe dissolved and available for local primary productivity later in the season upon sea-ice melting.

Determination of ambient dissolved metal ligand complexation parameters via kinetics and pseudo-voltammetry experiments

Dissolved chemical speciation of metals in natural waters encompasses a wide range of inorganic and organic compounds including metal organic ligand complexes, ML. Because of the different filters used, “dissolved” speciation can range from simple metal-ligand complexes with an average size of about 0.66 nm (mass of <3 k-daltons) to nanoparticles of 1 to 100 nm to colloidal forms that are 10 to 200–400 nm in size. Strong metal-ligand, ML, complexes are normally considered to be in <1 nm size fraction. Over the last 3 decades, competitive ligand exchange – cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-CSV) titrations have been the method of choice to study complexation. These titrations primarily give information on the excess ligands in the sample rather than the actual ligand in MLunknown complexes because they require adding metal to the sample. Thus, metal-ligand CLE-CSV titrations do not provide much information on the actual ligand present in MLunknown. However, pseudovoltammetry provides the thermodynamic stability constant, Ktherm, for Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb as the MLunknown complex is destroyed by reduction at the Hg electrode to form metal(Hg). Pseudovoltammetry does not require the addition of any reagents to the sample, but cannot be performed for ions such as Fe(III) [and Mn(III)] because reduction of the ion results in the reduction of the metal ion in the complex without destroying MLunknown. For these ions, kinetic experiments to recover the metal in the ML complex can provide information on the MLunknown dissociation rate constant, kd, and the conditional equilibrium constant, KcondML′. In these kinetic experiments, a competitive ligand (Lcomp) is added to the sample, and over time the MLcomp complex is measured by CSV. If all the metal in MLunknown is recovered, kd of MLunknown can be determined. If only a portion of the metal in MLunknown is recovered, equilibrium is achieved and KcondML′ as well as kd can be determined in a single experiment; kf can then be calculated. We describe how these methods can be used to determine information on the actual MLunknown complex. We show that 7 thermodynamic, kinetic and speciation parameters (Ktherm, KcondML′, KcondM′L′, kf, kd, αM′, αL′) for MLunknown complexes can be derived from a combination of two of these experiments. The approaches described here are useful to determine these parameters for known ML complexes once a ligand has been isolated by advanced separation methods (e.g., LC-MS) and reacted with a metal of interest.

Application of BiFE for electrochemical properties and determination of loratadine by cathodic stripping voltammetry in the cationic surfactant medium

Application of BiFE for electrochemical properties and determination of loratadine by cathodic stripping voltammetry in the cationic surfactant medium

Electrochemical Monitoring of Manganese in Drinking Water

Low levels of Mn are essential for many metabolic processes in the human body, yet excessive exposure to this heavy metal has been correlated to neurodegenerative diseases with Parkinson’s like symptoms in adults and neurological deficits in children. Erosion of Mn rich soil and rocks and human activities directly pollute groundwater which supplies drinking water for 51% of the total US population and 99% of the rural population. Hence contaminated drinking water represents one of the major sources of Mn intake. The non-enforceable updated guideline set by the EPA is 50ppb Mn. Trace metal analytical methods such as ICP-MS and AAS are limited to centralized laboratory testing and not feasible for point-of-care. Our work is aimed at the development of an electrochemical platform for efficient and rapid Mn detection in drinking water. The core technique is Square Wave Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWCSV), carried out on disposable three-electrode sensors with a platinum working electrode, platinum counter electrode and an electroplated Ag/AgCl reference electrode. A 3D printed interface integrates a small vibration motor for effective agitation of the 12µL droplet sample during the deposition phase and allows connection to a commercial potentiostat. Figure 1(a) depicts the hardware components of the platform, with an onset on the sensor configuration. First, the system performances are characterized in standard solutions. Compared to peak amplitude, peak area is found to be a more suitable indicator of Mn concentration, with a linearity of R^2=0.998 in the range 5ppb-200ppb. The introduction of an embedded agitation mechanism allows for a reduction in the limit of quantitation (LOQ) from 5ppb to 3ppb and an approximate 2.3X increase in sensitivity from 9.09nC/ppb to 20.75nC/ppb. Analysis of tap water is then performed to confirm the capabilities of the electrochemical platform in more complex matrices. With optimal SWCSV parameters a limit of quantitation of 6ppb, a sensitivity of 26.45 nC/ppb and a linearity with R^2=0.995 are achieved. The developed protocol requires minimal sample preparation of the water samples, with a 2X dilution in 0.2M Acetate Buffer to provide enough ionic strength to sustain the faradaic reactions and buffer the pH at 4.7. 3-point standard addition is executed to determine the Mn concentration in unknown specimens and performances are compared to ICP-MS on the analysis of 78 tap water and well water samples from Holliston, MA with concentrations in the range 0.03ppb-5.3ppm. 100% agreement, 70% accuracy and 91% precision were obtained. Figure 1(b) shows typical voltammograms from the measurement of the unknown sample and the 3 spikes at known Mn concentrations to implement the 3-point standard addition. To enhance monitoring of water quality in local communities and rural areas, parallelization of the measurements can further reduce the analytical time and improvements in the interface can ultimately make the devised portable and easy-to-use electrochemical station soon deployable for practical on-the-field testing. Figure 1