Catestatin Concentrations Research Articles

Analysis of Circulating Catestatin in Early Pregnancy: A Preliminary Investigation.

Background: During pregnancy, significant cardiovascular changes occur to accommodate fetal growth, and catestatin may play a role in these changes. Evidence suggests that catestatin, a pleiotropic sympathoinhibitory peptide, is involved in multiple cardiovascular pathologies, including hypertensive disorders. The objective of this study was to compare serum catestatin levels between first-trimester pregnant women and non-pregnant women, aiming to investigate catestatin's role in blood pressure regulation during early pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 72 first-trimester pregnant women and 57 age-matched non-pregnant controls, all without known cardiovascular or metabolic disorders. Results: Serum catestatin concentrations were significantly higher in pregnant women compared to controls (12.4 (9.9-21.2) ng/mL vs. 7.1 (4.5-10.9) ng/mL, p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in serum catestatin levels between those with a normal and abnormal uterine artery pulsatility index (17.8 (8.3-22.3) ng/mL vs. 12.5 (9.9-22.4) ng/mL, p = 0.962). Similarly, catestatin concentrations did not significantly differ between primiparous and multiparous women (14.0 (11.5-22.4) ng/mL vs. 10.7 (8.8-19.0) ng/mL). A positive correlation was observed between systolic blood pressure and serum catestatin levels in the control group (r = 0.335, p = 0.011) but not in pregnant women. Conclusions: Research on catestatin in pregnancy is still in its early stages, necessitating further studies to fully elucidate its roles and potential therapeutic applications.

Significance of catestatin in the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease

Aim. In patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), to evaluate the pathophysiological significance and diagnostic effectiveness of catestatin in detecting heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), as well as to assess the relationship of the levels of this biomarker with heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and the severity of diastolic dysfunction.Material and methods. The study included 83 patients (44 men, mean age, 62,0 [57,0; 68,5] years) with non-obstructive CAD and preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction of 63 [60; 64]%). Echocardiography was performed according to a standard protocol. HRV was assessed using 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring. Serum biomarker levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results. Patients were divided into groups depending on HFpEF presence: group 1 (n=63) included patients with newly diagnosed HFpEF, and group 2 included patients without heart failure (n=20). Serum catestatin concentrations were 43,1% lower (p&lt;0,001) in patients with HFpEF than in patients without it. Catestatin had a negative correlation with levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and C-reactive protein. Moreover, serum catestatin values were inversely correlated with LV remodeling parameters, whereas no relationship was found with HRV values. According to ROC analysis, catestatin £132,83 μg/ml (AUC=0,884; p&lt;0,001) were defined as threshold values associated with HFpEF.Conclusion. Decreased serum catestatin concentrations were associated with HFpEF and overexpression of heart failure and inflammation biomarkers. Moreover, serum catestatin values had a negative relationship with LV remodeling parameters, while no relationship was found with HRV values.

Catestatin in diagnosing cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in patients with comorbid hypertension

Background. Hypertension is the major pandemic in human history, which determines the structure of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There is an obvious relationship between hypertension and various diseases that largely determine its development and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. Neuropeptides appear to have a major impact on the progression of these complications. Catestatin (CST) is one of them, which deserves special scientific and practical concern, as it has a wide range of biological effects in the body. The aim of the study: to determine the place of CST in the early diagnosis of cardiovascular and metabolic complications in patients with comorbid hypertension among the Ukrainian population. Materials and methods. One hundred and eleven patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity (men/women — 50/61) and 20 controls were examined. All patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity were aged 54.37 ± 1.18 years. Following a thorough examination and supervision, they were divi­ded into 2 groups depending on the median CST level of 2.45 ng/ml. The first group included 55 (49.5 %) patients who had a CST level below 2.45 ng/ml, the second one consisted of 56 patients (50.5 %) who had a CST level above 2.45 ng/ml. In all patients, we measured body weight, height, calculated body mass index, evaluated glycated hemoglobin levels, lipid metabolism (serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol); systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The content of CST, cardiotrophin 1, leptin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, 25(OH)D, β2-microglobulin, and insulin levels in the blood serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. A reliable difference between the groups was found by β2-microglobulin (p = 0.008). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between CST and cardiotrophin 1, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and 25(OH)D. A positive correlation was found between CST and the level of glycated hemoglobin, body mass index, and triglycerides. A statistically significant correlation was found between CST and creatinine (R = –0.21, p = 0.029), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (R = 0.207, p = 0.029), and β2-microglobulin (R = 0.279, p = 0.0029) in the patients with hypertension. Conclusions. It has been proven that a decrease in serum catestatin concentration can be a risk factor for the development of more severe comorbidities in patients with hypertension. The detected relationships of catestatin with creatinine, urea, and β2-microglobulin suggest that CST is a predictor of chronic kidney disease in patients with comorbidities. The revealed correlation of CST with high-density lipoprotein, obesity, and body mass index suggests its importance in the prevention of atherosclerotic and metabolic complications in patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity.

Prognostic Value of Plasma Catestatin Concentration in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction in Two-Year Follow-Up.

The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of measuring plasma catestatin (CST) concentration in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) as a predictor of unplanned hospitalization and all-cause death independently and as a composite endpoint at 2-year follow-up. The study group includes 122 hospitalized Caucasian patients in NYHA classes II to IV. Patients who died during the 24-month follow-up period (n = 44; 36%) were significantly older on the day of enrollment, were more likely to be in a higher NYHA class, had lower TAPSE, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and platelet count, higher concentrations of CST, NT-proBNP, troponin T, creatinine, and glucose, and higher red cell distribution width value and leukocyte and neutrocyte count than patients who survived the follow-up period. Plasma catestatin concentration increased with NYHA class (R = 0.58; p <0.001) and correlated significantly with blood NT-proBNP concentration (R = 0.44; p <0.001). We showed that higher plasma catestatin concentration increased the risk of all-cause death by more than five times. Plasma CST concentration is a valuable prognostic parameter in predicting death from all causes and unplanned hospitalization in patients with HFrEF.

The relationship of plasma catestatin concentrations with the extension of left atrial fibrosis

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Atrial fibrosis is increasingly considered an important part of vulnerable substrates, with an essential function in the induction of left atrial (LA) conduction abnormalities underlying the transition from paroxysmal (PAF) to persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF), contributing to disease continuation. A substantial number of studies suggest a correlation between atrial fibrosis and low voltage zones (LVZ) (1). Previous studies have shown that catestatin (CST) regulates cardiac remodeling. The CST inhibition of catecholamine inhibits the Ang II-induced cell proliferation, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) downregulation to protect the heart from fibrosis produces similar results inhibition of catecholamine and the regulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) (2). From the results, it is clear that CST inhibits cardiac fibrosis by regulating nitric oxide (NO) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways via inhibiting catecholamine release and influencing the production of the downstream molecule (2). Purpose This study investigated the potential association of serum catestatin level and LA fibrosis in AF patients. Methods The current study enrolled 18 consecutive patients with PeAF who had undergone bipolar voltage mapping of the left atrium before catheter ablation. The proportion of the mapped LA surface exhibiting low voltage (&amp;lt;0.5mV) was expressed as a percentage of the overall mapped LA surface area. In all participants, fasting laboratory tests were drawn at admission. The primary outcome measure of the current study was the association of serum CST and low-voltage zones (%LVZ ≥ 10% as a reference for severe LVZ). Results The patient characteristics were summarized in Table 1. The LA was mildly dilated, and the median %LVZ was 4 (IQR 0.75-31.25). The lower degree of cardiac fibrosis (LVZ &amp;lt; 10%) is significantly associated with higher levels of catestatin compared to severe LVZ &amp;gt;10% (8.6 (interquartile range-IQR 4.6 – 25.0) vs. 21.9 (IQR 11.1-100.0), p= 0.040)(Figure 1). Conclusion The higher catestatin level was associated with the lower extension of atrial fibrosis (low LA voltage zones).

Catestatin Protects Against Diastolic Dysfunction by Attenuating Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation.

Background Catestatin has been reported as a pleiotropic cardioprotective peptide. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was considered a heterogeneous syndrome with a complex cause. We sought to investigate the role of catestatin in HFpEF and diastolic dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Administration of recombinant catestatin (1.5 mg/kg/d) improved diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular chamber stiffness in transverse aortic constriction mice with deoxycorticosterone acetate pellet implantation, as reflected by Doppler tissue imaging and pressure-volume loop catheter. Less cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis was observed, and transcriptomic analysis revealed downregulation of mitochondrial electron transport chain components after catestatin treatment. Catestatin reversed mitochondrial structural and respiratory chain component abnormality, decreased mitochondrial proton leak, and reactive oxygen species generation in myocardium. Excessive oxidative stress induced by Ru360 abolished catestatin treatment effects on HFpEF-like cardiomyocytes in vitro, indicating the beneficial role of catestatin in HFpEF as a mitochondrial ETC modulator. The serum concentration of catestatin was tested among 81 patients with HFpEF and 76 non-heart failure controls. Compared with control subjects, serum catestatin concentration was higher in patients with HFpEF and positively correlated with E velocity to mitral annular e' velocity ratio, indicating a feedback compensation role of catestatin in HFpEF. Conclusions Catestatin protects against diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF through attenuating mitochondrial electron transport chain-derived reactive oxygen species generation. Serum catestatin concentration is elevated in patients with HFpEF, probably as a relatively insufficient but self-compensatory mechanism.

The association of catestatin and endocan with the effects of cardiac shock wave therapy: Biomarker sub-study of the randomized, sham procedure-controlled trial.

Cardiac shock-wave therapy (CSWT) is a non-invasive regenerative treatment method based on low-frequency ultrasound waves, which stimulate angiogenesis. Current data about the effects of revascularization procedures on angiogenesis biomarkers is limited. Recently, an association of catestatin and endocan with coronary collateral development was shown in several trials. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of CSWT on the dynamics of catestatin and endocan levels and to assess their correlation with parameters of myocardial perfusion and function. Prospective, randomized, triple-blind, sham procedure-controlled study enrolled 72 adult subjects who complied with defined inclusion criteria (NCT02339454). We measured biomarkers in 48 patients with stable angina (24 patients of CSWT group, 24 patients of sham-procedure group). Additionally, patients were divided into responders and non-responders according to improvement in myocardial perfusion and/or contractility assessed by myocardial scintigraphy and dobutamine echocardiography (30 and 13 patients, respectively). The blood samples were collected at baseline, after the last treatment procedure (9th treatment week) and at 6-month follow-up to evaluate biomarkers concentration and stored at -80° until analysis. Serum catestatin and endocan levels were determined by commercially available ELISA kits. Serum catestatin concentration significantly increased in all patients. While endocan levels significantly decreased in the responders sub-group. The increase in catestatin levels at 9th week and 6 months was positively associated with improvement in summed difference score (rho = 0.356, p = 0.028) and wall motion score, WMS (rho = 0.397, p = 0.009) at 6 months in the whole study population. Meanwhile, the decrease in endocan levels over 6 months was positively correlated with improvement in WMS at 3- and 6- months (r = 0.378, p = 0.015 and r = 0.311, p = 0.045, respectively). ROC analysis revealed that a change at 6 months in catestatin and endocan levels significantly predicted improvement in myocardial perfusion and contractile function with 68.9% sensitivity and 75.0% specificity (p = 0.039) and 51.7% sensitivity, and 91.7% specificity (p = 0.017), respectively. Baseline endocan concentration and its change at 6 months predicted response to CSWT with 68.8% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity (p = 0.039) and 81.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity (p < 0.0001), respectively. This study demonstrates the association of increase in catestatin and decrease in endocan levels with the improvement of myocardial perfusion and contractile function. The potential predictive value of catestatin and endocan dynamics for the response to regenerative therapy is shown.

Serum Catestatin Concentrations Are Increased in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

The autonomic nervous system is crucial in initiating and maintaining atrial fibrillation (AF). Catestatin is a multipurpose peptide that regulates cardiovascular systems and reduces harmful, excessive activity of the sympathetic nervous system by blocking the release of catecholamines. We aimed to determine whether serum catestatin concentrations are associated with AF severity, duration indices, and various clinical and laboratory indicators in these individuals to better define the clinical value of catestatin in patients with AF. The present single center study enrolled 73 participants with AF and 72 healthy age-matched controls. Serum catestatin concentrations were markedly higher in AF patients than controls (14.11 (10.21-26.02) ng/mL vs. 10.93 (5.70-20.01) ng/mL, p = 0.013). Furthermore, patients with a more severe form of AF had significantly higher serum catestatin (17.56 (12.80-40.35) vs. 10.98 (8.38-20.91) ng/mL, p = 0.001). Patients with higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores (17.58 (11.89-37.87) vs. 13.02 (8.47-22.75) ng/mL, p = 0.034) and higher NT-proBNP levels (17.58 (IQR 13.91-34.62) vs. 13.23 (IQR 9.04-22.61), p = 0.036) had significantly higher serum catestatin concentrations. Finally, AF duration correlated negatively with serum catestatin levels (r = -0.348, p = 0.003). The results of the present study implicate the promising role of catestatin in the intricate pathophysiology of AF, which should be explored in future research.

CBD supplementation reduces arterial blood pressure via modulation of the sympatho-chromaffin system: A substudy from the HYPER-H21-4 trial

Data concerning the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on blood pressure (BP) is controversial. HYPER-H21–4 was a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial which sought to elucidate if 5-week administration of CBD will reduce BP in hypertensive patients. In the substudy of this trial, we aimed to establish the mechanistic background of CBD-induced BP reduction. Specifically, we explored the dynamic of catestatin, a sympathoinhibitory peptide implicated in the pathophysiology of hypertension. In the present analysis, 54 patients with Grade 1 hypertension were included. 5-week administration of CBD but not placebo reduced serum catestatin concentration in comparison to baseline (13.50 [10.85–19.05] vs. 9.65 [6.37–12.26] ng/mL, p < 0.001). Serum catestatin levels at the start of the treatment period demonstrated a negative correlation with the extent of reduction in mean arterial pressure (r = −0.474, p < 0.001). Moreover, the extent of change in catestatin serum levels showed a strong correlation with the extent of mean arterial pressure reduction (r = 0.712, p < 0.001). Overall, the results of the present study imply that the antihypertensive effects of CBD may be explained by its interaction with the sympatho-chromaffin system, although further research is warranted.

Assessment of plasma Catestatin in COVID-19 reveals a hitherto unknown inflammatory activity with impact on morbidity-mortality.

IntroductionNeuroendocrine cells release Catestatin (CST) from Chromogranin A (CgA) to regulate stress responses. As regards COVID-19 patients (COVID+) requiring oxygen supply, to date nobody has studied CST as a potential mediator in the regulation of immunity.Patients & MethodsAdmission plasma CST and CgA - its precursor - concentrations were measured (ELISA test) in 73 COVID+ and 27 controls. Relationships with demographics, comorbidities, disease severity and outcomes were analysed (Mann-Whitney, Spearman correlation tests, ROC curves).ResultsAmong COVID+, 49 required ICU-admission (COVID+ICU+) and 24 standard hospitalization (COVID+ICU-). Controls were either healthy staff (COVID-ICU-, n=11) or COVID-ICU+ patients (n=16). Median plasma CST were higher in COVID+ than in controls (1.6 [1.02; 3.79] vs 0.87 [0.59; 2.21] ng/mL, p<0.03), with no difference between COVID+ and COVID-ICU+. There was no difference between groups in either CgA or CST/CgA ratios, but these parameters were lower in healthy controls (p<0.01). CST did not correlate with either hypoxia- or usual inflammation-related parameters. In-hospital mortality was similar whether COVID+ or not, but COVID+ had longer oxygen support and more complications (p<0.03). CST concentrations and the CST/CgA ratio were associated with in-hospital mortality (p<0.01) in COVID+, whereas CgA was not. CgA correlated with care-related infections (p<0.001).ConclusionRespiratory COVID patients release significant amounts of CST in the plasma making this protein widely available for the neural regulation of immunity. If confirmed prospectively, plasma CST will reliably help in predicting in-hospital mortality, whereas CgA will facilitate the detection of patients prone to care-related infections.

Serum Catestatin Levels Correlate with Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Indices of Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Primary Hypertension.

Accumulating data suggests that catestatin, an eclectic neuroendocrine peptide, is involved in the pathophysiology of primary hypertension (PH). Nevertheless, clinical studies concerning its role in PH are still scarce. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to explore an association between serum catestatin levels, ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in patients with PH and healthy controls. In this single-center study, 72 patients aged 40–70 diagnosed with PH, and 72 healthy controls were included. In patients with PH, serum catestatin concentrations were significantly higher in comparison to the healthy controls (29.70 (19.33–49.48) ng/mL vs. 5.83 (4.21–8.29) ng/mL, p < 0.001). Untreated patients had significantly higher serum catestatin than patients treated with antihypertensive drugs (41.61 (22.85–63.83) ng/mL vs. 24.77 (16.41–40.21) ng/mL, p = 0.005). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum catestatin levels retained a significant association with mean arterial pressure (β ± standard error, 0.8123 ± 0.3037, p < 0.009) after model adjustments for age, sex and body mass index. Finally, catestatin levels positively correlated with pulse wave velocity (r = 0.496, p < 0.001) and central augmentation index (r = 0.441, p < 0.001), but not with peripheral resistance. In summary, increased serum catestatin concentration in PH, predominantly in the untreated subgroup, and its association with ambulatory BP and arterial stiffness address the role of this peptide in PH.

Serum catestatin levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Catestatin (CST) is an important peptide that influences various inflammatory diseases. Our goal was to investigate CST concentrations in patients with RA compared to healthy subjects. This cross-sectional observational study included 80 patients with RA and 80 healthy control subjects. Demographic characteristics and laboratory parameters were recorded. Serum CST levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum CST levels were significantly higher in RA patients than in the control group (10.53 ± 3.90 vs 5.24 ± 2.37 ng/mL, p < 0.001). In RA patients, there was a statistically significant correlation between CST and patient age (r = 0.418, p < 0.001) and both DAS28 (r = 0.469, p < 0.001) and HAQ scores (r = 0.483, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between serum CST levels and RA duration (r = 0.583, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum CST levels retained a significant association with RA duration (β ± SE, 0.13 ± 0.04, p = 0.002) and DAS28 score (0.94 ± 0.45, p = 0.039) after model adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI) and HAQ score, with serum CST levels as a dependent variable. These findings imply that CST is possibly associated with RA complex pathophysiology and disease activity. However, future larger multicentric longitudinal studies are necessary to define the role of CST in RA.

Catestatin in patients with essential hypertension of different cardiovascular risk

Abstract Maximum association of arterial hypertension is found with sympathetic overactivity which is involved in different mechanisms including RAAS, OSA, obesity, etc. It is not overt sympathetic activity but disturbed basal sympathetic tone. However, the factors that indicate the beginning of the regulation system impairment in hypertensive patients haven't been studied enough. Catestatin is considered by some studies as a part of the “catecholamines-catestatin buffer system” because of its inhibitory effect on excess catecholamine release. The purpose of the study was to assess the concentrations of catestatin and to analyze its relationships with cardiovascular continuum in patients with essential hypertension (EH) of different cardiovascular risk (CVR). The methods of the research. The study included 180 men in age from 30 to 50 years old, the patients were divided into groups: group 1 (n=28) – EH of moderate CVR, group 2 (n=76) – EH of high CVR, group 3 (n=31) – EH of very high CVR. The control group (n=45) included almost healthy men with optimal and normal blood pressure (BP). All included in the study were examined, anamnesis and complaints were collected, daily monitoring of BP and ECG, TTE were performed, carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) was measured. Catestatin (ng/ml) was determined by the ELISA method using RayBiotech kits. Results Patients with moderate and very high CVR and a history of inherited EH had statistically significantly higher (p&amp;lt;0,05) catestatin concentrations compared to those in the control group who has a family history of EH. Catestatin correlations with a history of inherited EH were revealed in groups of patients with EH of moderate (r=0,555; p=0,049) and high (r=−0,285; p=0,027) CVR. The participation of catestatin in cardiovascular remodeling mediated by hypertension was proved: in a group of patients with EH of high CVR catestatin correlations with carotid IMT were received (r=−0,246; p=0,040). The relationships between catestatin concentrations and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (r=−0,523; p=0,045) and the interventricular septum (r=−0,523, p=0,045) in group 2 in diastole were discovered. Catestatin concentrations in patients with normal heart geometry were higher (p=0,04) comparing to the patients with cardiac remodeling (9,05±5,12 vs 7,49±3,62 ng/ml respectively). Catestatin concentrations correlated with indicators characterizing the CVR: diastolic BP variability in all included in the study patients with EH (r=0,218; p=0,022), group 2 (r=0,326; p=0,006), and the value of the morning surge (r=−0,745; p=0,002). Conclusion Catestatin concentrations change at all stages of the cardiovascular continuum of arterial hypertension, which is proved by the obtained correlations, so all of the above allows us to consider catestatin as a new factor in the regulation of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension of different cardiovascular risk. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Samara Region Provincial Grant

The chromogranin A-derived peptides catestatin and vasostatin in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

BackgroundThe protein chromogranin A (CgA) is stored and co-released with catecholamines from the stimulated adrenal glands. Increased plasma concentrations of CgA have been shown in people with heart disease. The aim of the study was to investigate whether plasma concentrations of the CgA-derived biologically active peptides catestatin and vasostatin were associated with the severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs and to assess potential associations between these blood variables and dog characteristics, echocardiographic variables, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and plasma N-terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP) concentration. Sixty-seven privately owned dogs with or without MMVD were included. The dogs underwent physical examination, blood pressure measurement, blood sample collection, and echocardiographic examination. Plasma concentrations of catestatin and vasostatin were analyzed using radioimmunoassay.ResultsCatestatin concentration decreased with increasing left atrial and ventricular size (R2 ≤ 0.09, P ≤ 0.019), and increased with increasing systolic and diastolic blood pressures (R2 ≤ 0.08, P ≤ 0.038). Regression analyses showed no significant associations for vasostatin. No differences in plasma concentrations of catestatin or vasostatin were found between the disease severity groups used in the study.ConclusionsIn the present dog population, the catestatin concentration showed weak negative associations with left atrial and ventricular sizes, both of which are known to increase with increasing severity of MMVD. Furthermore, the catestatin concentration showed weak positive associations with blood pressure.

Serum Catestatin Levels and Arterial Stiffness Parameters Are Increased in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Catestatin (CST) is an important peptide in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory disorders. However, clinical studies on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are lacking. Our goal was to investigate CST concentrations in IBD patients compared to healthy subjects. Additionally, we aimed to determine arterial stiffness parameters in relation to CST. This cross-sectional study compared 80 IBD patients (45 Crohn’s disease (CD) and 35 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients) with 75 control subjects. Serum CST levels were significantly higher in the IBD group compared to control subjects (11.29 ± 9.14 vs. 7.13 ± 6.08 ng/mL, p = 0.001) and in the UC group compared to CD patients (13.50 ± 9.58 vs. 9.03 ± 6.92 ng/mL, p = 0.021), irrespective of age and BMI. IBD patients exhibited significantly higher values of heart rate adjusted central augmentation index (cAIx-75) (14.88 ± 10.59 vs. 6.87 ± 9.50 %, p < 0.001) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) (8.06 ± 3.23 vs. 6.42 ± 1.47 m/s, p < 0.001) compared to control group. Furthermore, PWV was the only significant independent correlate of CST (B = 1.20, t = 4.15, p < 0.001), while CST, PWV, cAIx-75, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and BMI were significant predictors of positive IBD status (1.089 (1.022–1.161), 1.515 (1.166–1.968), 1.060 (1.024–1.097), 1.458 (1.116–1.906), 0.793 (0.683–0.920), respectively). Serum CST levels were significantly higher in IBD patients compared to controls and an independent positive correlation of CST with PWV existed. Therefore, it is possible that CST could have a role in the complex pathophysiology of IBD and its cardiovascular complications.

P671 Can catestatin be used as an alternative or addition to cardiac remodeling ultrasound traditional criteria in patients with essential hypertension?

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Samara Governor Grant in the field of science and technics 2018 Essential hypertension (EH) is one of the most important risk factor for major cardiovascular diseases and remains one of the most important medical and social problems in the world. Left ventricle hypertrophy, caused by chronic increased blood pressure, is an important independent risk factor for sudden death, myocardial infarction, stroke and other cardiovascular complications. Catestatin is a peptide, belonging to the buffer system "catecholamines-catestatin" and changes of its concentrations contribute to early EH pathogenesis. The aim of the research was to evaluate correlations of catestatin concentrations with cardiac remodeling ultrasound traditional criteria in patients with EH of different cardiovascular risk. Material and methods. The study included 180 male patients in age from 30 to 50 years with a diagnosis of EH, who signed an informed consent to participate in the study. Patients were divided into 4 groups – group 1 (n = 28) – EH of an average risk of cardiovascular complications (CVC), group 2 (n = 76) – EH of a high risk of CVC, group 3 (n = 31) – EH of very high risk of CVC and the group of contril – 45 almost healthy men with normal and optimal blood pressure. Transthoracic echocardiography and sonography of the brachiocephalic trunk arteries were performed. The results. Intra-group analysis of the data revealed a statistically significant negative correlation of catestatin concentrations and carotid intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery on the left in group 2 (r=-0,246; p = 0,040). In patients with EH catestatin and left ventricle end-diastolic volume correlations were revealed (r = 0,827; p = 0,011). Intra-group correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation of catestatin concentrations and left ventricle posterior wall thickness (r=-0,523; p = 0,045), interventricular septum thickness (r=-0,523, p = 0,045) in diastole in group 2; with left ventricle posterior wall thickness (r = 0,258; p = 0,035) and interventricular septum thickness (r = 0,254; p = 0,038) in systole in group 3. Correlation analysis of the data discovered a statistically significant negative relationship between catestatin concentrations and left ventricle remodeling (r=-0,171, p = 0,042). In patients with normal heart geometry, statistically significant (p = 0,04) higher concentrations of catestatin were obtained in comparison with patients with left ventricle remodeling (9,05 ± 5,12 vs. 7,49 ± 3,62 ng/ml, respectively). The conclusion. The decrease of catestatin concentrations in patients with EH of a high and very high risk of CVC is associated with cardiovascular remodeling, mediated by hypertenstion. Catestatin can be used in addition to cardiac remodeling ultrasound traditional criteria in patients with essential hypertension.

Serum catestatin concentrations are decreased in obese children and adolescents.

Catestatin is a chromogranin A-derived peptide with a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as inhibiting catecholamine release, decreasing blood pressure, stimulating histamine release, reducing beta-adrenergic stimulation, and regulating oxidative stress. The aims of our study were to determine serum catestatin concentrations in obese children and adolescents in regard to presence or absence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and to evaluate the possible relations between catestatin levels and other cardiovascular risk factors. Ninety-two obese subjects with a body mass index z score > 2, aged 10 to 18 years, and 39 healthy, normal weight controls were enrolled in the study. Serum catestatin concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Significantly lower serum catestatin concentrations were recorded in the group of obese subjects compared with a control group (10.03 ± 5.05 vs 13.13 ± 6.25 ng/mL, P = 0.004). Further analyses revealed significantly lower catestatin concentrations in the subgroup of obese patients with MS (9.02 ± 4.3 vs 10.54 ± 5.36 vs 13.13 ± 6.25, P = 0.008). Serum catestatin concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.253, P = 0.014), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r = -0.215, P = 0.037) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (r = -0.208, P = 0.044). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report catestatin concentrations in obese children and adolescents and their possible relations with MS and cardiovascular risk factors in a pediatric population. Obese subjects with MS have lower serum catestatin concentrations than obese subjects without MS and controls.

The relationship of plasma catestatin and heart rate variability parameters in middle-aged men with primary hypertension

Aim.To study the catestatin plasma level in patients with primary hypertension of different cardiovascular risk and to assess its relationship with heart rate variability (HRV) parameters.Material and methods. One hundred eighty men aged 30-50 years were divided into groups: group 1 (n=28) — hypertensive patients with medium risk of developing cardiovascular complications (CVC), group 2 (n=76) — hypertensive patients with high risk of CVC, group 3 (n=31) — hypertensive patients with very high risk of CVC. The control group consisted of healthy men with normal blood pressure (BP) (n=45). We determined plasma catestatin (ng/ml) and conducted Holter monitoring.Results.A pattern was found to reduce the concentration of catestatin with increasing risk of CVC in hypertensive patients, but there were no significant differences between the studied groups (p&gt;0,05).We determined corrections between catestatin levels and echocardiography thickness of left ventricular posterior wall (r=-0,523; p=0,045) and interventricular septum (r=-0,523, p=0,045) in diastole in group 2; thickness of left ventricular posterior wall (r=0,258; p=0,035) and interventricular septum (r=0,254; p=0,038) in systole in group 3. In patients of group 2, direct correlations of catestatin levels and sympathicotonia LF/HF were revealed during the whole observation period (r=0,301; p=0,019) and during wakefulness (r=0,308; p=0,019); inverse correlations — with parameters of parasympathetic tone: nHF during the whole observation time (r=-0,318; p=0,013) and during wakefulness (r=-0,342; p=0,007), pNN50 in the afternoon (r=-0,270; p=0,037).Conclusion.A decrease in catestatin concentrations in hypertensive patients is associated with the progression of disease and an increase in cardiovascular risk. It is assumed that catestatin is involved in the formation of HRV in patients with primary hypertension.

Decreased circulating catestatin levels are associated with coronary artery disease: The emerging anti-inflammatory role

Background and aimsThe neuropeptide catestatin (CST) is an endogenous nicotinic cholinergic antagonist that acts as pleiotropic cardiac protective hormone. This study investigated the association between CST and coronary artery disease (CAD) and the underlying mechanisms. Methods and resultsThe serum concentration of CST among 224 CAD patients and 204 healthy controls was compared, and its association with atherosclerosis severity in 921 CAD patients was further analyzed. Compared to healthy subjects, serum CST concentration was lower in patients with CAD [1.14 (1.05–1.24) ng/mL vs. 2.15 (1.92–2.39) ng/mL, p < 0.001] and was inversely correlated with disease severity (r = −0.208, p < 0.001). In cultured endothelial cells, CST suppressed TNF-α-elicited expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules by activating angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). Administration of CST reduced leukocyte-endothelium interactions in vitro and in vivo, and attenuated the development of atherosclerotic in ApoE−/− mice fed a high-fat diet. These protective effects by CST were blocked by an ACE2 inhibitor. ConclusionsSerum CST concentration is lower in CAD patients and is inversely associated with the severity of atherosclerosis. CST acts as a novel anti-atherogenic peptide that inhibits inflammatory response and EC-leukocyte interactions via an ACE2-dependent mechanism.

Catestatin, vasostatin, cortisol, and visual analog scale scoring for stress assessment in healthy dogs

The neuroendocrine glycoprotein chromogranin A is a useful biomarker for stress in humans. Chromogranin A epitopes catestatin and vasostatin can be measured in dogs using radioimmunoassays. The objective of this study was to evaluate catestatin and vasostatin as canine stress biomarkers in a clinical setting. Blood and saliva were collected from 33 healthy dogs that were familiar with sampling procedures and the animal hospital environment (control group) and 30 healthy dogs that were unacquainted (stress group). During sampling, stress behavior was scored by the same observer using visual analog scale (VAS). Plasma was analyzed for catestatin and vasostatin, serum for cortisol, and saliva for catestatin. Differences between groups were analyzed using two-sample t-tests and P<0.05 was considered significant. Stress behavior VAS score in the control group was significantly lower than in the stress group during blood (P=0.002) and saliva (P=0.0009) sampling. Serum cortisol and saliva catestatin concentrations in the stress group were higher than the control group (P=0.003 and P<0.0001, respectively). Serum cortisol concentrations were correlated with those of saliva (r=0.34, P=0.04) and plasma catestatin (r=0.29, P=0.03). Plasma catestatin and vasostatin did not differ significantly between groups. In conclusion, concentrations of saliva catestatin, and serum cortisol, and stress behavior VAS scores were significantly higher in the stress group. The results indicate that saliva catestatin may be useful as a biomarker for acute psychological stress in dogs.