Abstract
BackgroundThe protein chromogranin A (CgA) is stored and co-released with catecholamines from the stimulated adrenal glands. Increased plasma concentrations of CgA have been shown in people with heart disease. The aim of the study was to investigate whether plasma concentrations of the CgA-derived biologically active peptides catestatin and vasostatin were associated with the severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs and to assess potential associations between these blood variables and dog characteristics, echocardiographic variables, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and plasma N-terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP) concentration. Sixty-seven privately owned dogs with or without MMVD were included. The dogs underwent physical examination, blood pressure measurement, blood sample collection, and echocardiographic examination. Plasma concentrations of catestatin and vasostatin were analyzed using radioimmunoassay.ResultsCatestatin concentration decreased with increasing left atrial and ventricular size (R2 ≤ 0.09, P ≤ 0.019), and increased with increasing systolic and diastolic blood pressures (R2 ≤ 0.08, P ≤ 0.038). Regression analyses showed no significant associations for vasostatin. No differences in plasma concentrations of catestatin or vasostatin were found between the disease severity groups used in the study.ConclusionsIn the present dog population, the catestatin concentration showed weak negative associations with left atrial and ventricular sizes, both of which are known to increase with increasing severity of MMVD. Furthermore, the catestatin concentration showed weak positive associations with blood pressure.
Highlights
The protein chromogranin A (CgA) is stored and co-released with catecholamines from the stimulated adrenal glands
High plasma CgA concentrations have been found in people with congestive heart failure (CHF) due to coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and valvular disease [4, 12,13,14] and plasma CgA concentration has been shown to increase with increasing severity of different human cardiac diseases [12]
Among the 16 dogs with severe myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), five were in decompensated CHF at the time of inclusion, while five dogs had previously been diagnosed with CHF, stabilized by heart failure therapy, and were in compensated CHF at the time of inclusion
Summary
The protein chromogranin A (CgA) is stored and co-released with catecholamines from the stimulated adrenal glands. Increased plasma concentrations of CgA have been shown in people with heart disease. The aim of the study was to investigate whether plasma concentrations of the CgA-derived biologically active peptides catestatin and vasostatin were associated with the severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs and to assess potential associations between these blood variables and dog characteristics, echocardiographic variables, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and plasma N-terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP) concentration. Studies in people with acute myocardial infarction have shown increased catestatin concentrations in plasma [15,16,17] as well as in serum [18], while one study showed decreased serum vasostatin-2 concentrations in patients with chronic heart failure due to previous myocardial infarction, compared to in healthy controls [19]. During progression of the disease, neuroendocrine activation takes place [24, 25], and increased plasma norepinephrine concentrations have been found in dogs with DCM and in dogs with advanced MMVD [26, 27]
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