Categories Of Skills Research Articles

Core subjects in accounting academic programmes: Development of pervasive skills

Accounting education has in recent years increasingly emphasised the need for developing pervasive skills. This paper reports on a South African study of the perceptions of aspirant chartered accountants (CAs) on the importance of the core subjects during the academic programme, in developing pervasive skills, in the categories of ethical behaviour and professionalism, personal attributes, and professional skills. A questionnaire with open- and closed-ended questions was administered to aspirant CAs who had completed their academic programme, and were in the process of completing their training programme. Aspirant CAs reported that overall pervasive skills were most prevalent in the subject of Strategy. Ethical behaviour and professionalism skills were most prevalent in the subject of Audit, personal attribute skills were most prevalent in the subject of Strategy while professional skills were most prevalent in the subject of Accounting. Taxation received the lowest ranking overall for pervasive skills as well as for the different categories of skills. Educators need to make greater efforts to inculcate pervasive skills by using real-life, practical examples in their core subjects. Furthermore, pervasive skills should be integrated into core subjects, as these are complementary in nature. Furthermore, integrating core subjects can enhance the acquisition of pervasive skills.

Enhancing The Ability of Elementary School Teachers in Designing Higher Order Thinking Skills (Hots) Categories of Natural Sciences Through Participatory Training

The implementation of higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in science learning in elementary school is needed so that students get the stimulation to think critically and creatively through science experiment tasks. The tasks of teaching and learning activities need to be applied in the HOTS-oriented learning process by adjusting the characteristics of elementary students' thought development, curriculum, and adapted to the nature of science as a product, process, and scientific attitude. This study aims to improve the teacher's ability to design science learning in the HOTS category through the application of participatory training, consisting of the stages of analysis of the needs of the training participants, reviewing the material, designing the tasks of the science learning in the HOTS category collaboratively. Subjects were involved as many as 14 elementary school teachers in Laweyan Subdistrict, Surakarta City. The study design uses descriptive qualitative. Data collection used was a test of the ability to design science learning in elementary schools. The results showed that the ability of elementary school teachers to design science learning in the HOTS category after attending the training had a higher score than before participating in the participatory training.

Is Training Effective to Develop Individual’s Soft Skills in Organizations? Emphatic Communication Training on Friendly and Helpful Behavior in Private Hospital

Background: Training is a common activity done in HR management practices. However, previous studies on the effectiveness of trainings show inconsistent results, in particular, on developing soft skills. Theoretically, achieving effectiveness is more difficult compared to hard skill training. Objectives: This study is aimed at examining whether training is effective to develop individual’s competencies in an organization, especially in the area of soft skills. Methods: This research uses experimental method by The Untreated Control Group Design with Pre-Post-Test. The study was conducted at a private hospital X in Semarang city. The participants of this study comprised of 496 subjects, which were divided into experimental and control groups. The intervention given to the experimental group was empathic communication training which is aimed at building sumeh (friendly) and nulungan (helpful) behavior, as the actualization of organizational values. The measurement of friendly and helpful behavior was done before and after the intervention, that was by post-test 1 and post-test 2. Results: There was a significant difference between the scores of pre-test and post-test 1 and there was no difference between the scores of post-test 1 and post-test 2 for experimental group. For the control group, there was no difference either between the scores of pre-test and post-test 1 or between post-test 1 and post-test 2. Conclusion: Emphatic communication training is effective to develop friendly and helpful behavior, where both of the behaviors are included in soft skills category.

KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS PADA PRAKTIKUM IPA MATERI ASAM BASA PADA MAHASISWA PGMI IAIN PALU

The purpose of this study was to describe the science process skills of students of PGMI FTIK IAIN Palu on the science laboratory of Asam Basa. This research is a descriptive study conducted at the PGMI Study Program in September to October 2019. The research subjects were students of semester 3 of PGMI in the academic year 2019/2020 who took 28 natural science courses. Data in the form of students' Science Process Skills were obtained from the student performance appraisal in the science practicum on acid-base material. The results showed that students' science process skills varied in each category. For the category of skills using tools and materials, the average percentage for the 2 indicators is 83.05% or very high. For the category of observation skills, the average percentage for the two indicators is 83% or very high. For the grouping / classification skills category, the average percentage for the 2 indicators is 79% or in the high category. Whereas for communication skills where in this category there are 3 indicators with an average indicator of 82.5 or very high. Overall by averaging the percentage of all indicators obtained the percentage for science process skills in science lab, wet acid material is 82%. This shows that the science process skills of PGMI students are very high.

Development of Junior High School Physics Science Teaching Materials Based on Critical Thinking Skills

This research is development research with Rowntree product development model which produced Physics teaching the material in junior high school. The purpose of this study was to produce learning media in the form of valid and practical teaching materials on pressure material and its application in daily life. The subject of the research was the teaching materials for Junior High School physics subject based on critical thinking skills. Indicators of critical thinking skills used in this study are providing basic explanations, building basic skills, concluding, making further explanations, and strategies and tactics. The results of the one-to-one-evaluation through a questionnaire given to teachers obtained an average score of 4.33 and the average score of participants divide 4.72. Both the teacher and the students stated that Physics teaching materials on pressure and its application in daily life based on the critical thinking skills category are very practical. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the learning media in the form of teaching materials that are developed based on critical thinking skills on the pressure material and its application in daily life is suitable for use in learning physics in junior high school.

Mathematics problem-solving skills of vocational high school students related to the 21st-century education

21st-century education demands critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, and collaboration skills, as well as creativity and innovation. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics has set five standards on student mathematical skills required by students; one of them is problem-solving. Programme for International Student Assessment showed the lack of Indonesian student problem-solving skills. There is a need for revamping the education system to improve the quality of human resources so that Indonesian students’ problem-solving skills can be better. This qualitative descriptive research aimed to examine the mathematics problem-solving skills of vocational high school students. The research subjects were 22 vocational high school students and the data collection involved a problem-solving test and interview. The results showed that out of 22 subjects (11 groups) in the research, no subject achieved the ‘very good’ and ‘good’ category of problem-solving skills. Four groups had ‘adequate’ problem-solving skills and seven groups had ‘poor’ problem-solving skills. The results showed that students had difficulty in solving problems because they did not understand the problems, and thus they can not solve problems. They were also not accustomed to non-routine problems and had a lack of understanding of designing mathematical models and connecting mathematics to the real world.

Evaluation of human resources needed and comparison with human resources available to implement emergency vaccination in case of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Tunisia.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects domestic and wild artiodactyl animals and causes considerable economic losses related to outbreak management, production losses and trade impacts. In Tunisia, the last FMD outbreak took place in 2018-2019. The effectiveness of control measures implemented to control FMD depends, in particular, on the human resources used to implement them. Tunisia has the ultimate objective of obtaining OIE status as 'FMD-free with vaccination'. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the necessary and available human resources to control FMD outbreaks in Tunisia using emergency vaccination and to assess the gaps that would play a role in the implementation of the strategy. We developed a resources-requirement grid of necessary human resources for the management of the emergency vaccination campaign launched after the identification of a FMD-infected premises in Tunisia. Field surveys, conducted in the 24 governorates of Tunisia, allowed quantifying the available human resources for several categories of skills considered in the resources-requirement grid. For each governorate, we then compared available and necessary human resources to implement vaccination according to eight scenarios mixing generalised or cattle-targeted vaccination and different levels of human resources. The resources-requirement grid included 11 tasks in three groups: management of FMD-infected premises, organisational tasks and vaccination implementation. The available human resources for vaccination-related tasks included veterinarians and technicians from the public sector and appointed private veterinarians. The comparison of available and necessary human resources showed vaccination-related tasks to be the most time-consuming in terms of managing a FMD outbreak. Increasing the available human resources using appointed private veterinarians allowed performing the emergency vaccination of animals in the governorate in due time, especially if vaccination was targeted on cattle. The overall approach was validated by comparing the predicted and observed durations of a vaccination campaign conducted under the same conditions as during the 2014 Tunisian outbreak. This study could provide support to the Tunisian Veterinary Services or to other countries to optimise the management of a FMD outbreak.

The impact of Erasmus program on intercultural communication skills of students

In this paper we examine the development of students’ intercultural communication skills as a result of participation in the Erasmus Mobility Program. For the analysis both quantitative and qualitative methods are used. The results of survey show that students’ level of knowledge, skills and attitudes are much higher than before the program, especially in the skills category. According to the interview with students it can be concluded that students regard the experience of participating in the Erasmus Mobility program as positive primarily for learning a foreign language and developing cross-cultural communication skills. Thus it allows us to confirm the positive impact of Erasmus on intercultural communication skills of Russian students.

Social Skills in Children and Adolescents: Differences Between Deaf and Hearing

Abstract Deafness results in difficulties in identifying elements of social performance in other people. This study evaluated the social skills of deaf and hearing children and adolescents to draw a profile on the categories of social skills. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional, comparative study. The participants were 122 deaf and hearing children and adolescents, each group containing 61 individuals aged between 7 and 16 years. The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Teste de Habilidades Sociais para Crianças e Adolescentes em Situação Escolar (THAS-C). The results showed deficits in the social skills of deaf children and adolescents compared to hearing. The social skills profiles generally favored the hearing groups, with the exception of the item Conversation and Social Resourcefulness, which favored deaf children. Communicational and developmental differences were considered during the discussion. We stress the need for research with deaf individuals to propose interventions adapted to this population.

Students’ Awareness and Embracement of Soft Skills by Learning and Practicing Teamwork

Aim/Purpose: This paper presents a study about changes in computer science and software engineering students’ perceptions of their soft skills during their progress through the Computer Science Soft Skills course. Background: Soft skills are often associated with a person’s social, emotional and cognitive capabilities. Soft skills are increasingly sought out and are well recognized by employers alongside standard qualifications. Therefore, high importance is attributed to soft skills in computer science and software engineering education. Methodology: Content analysis was applied to interpret, categorize and code statements from students’ course assignment answers. Data analysis was performed gradually at the three main stages of the course and by the two students’ study populations. Contribution: The paper highlights the variety of (a) soft skills that can be learnt in one course, both on the individual level and on the team level and (b) assignments that can be given to students to increase their awareness and motivation to practice and learn soft skills. Findings: Data analysis revealed the following: (a) five individual soft skills categories, with 95 skills, and five team-related soft skills categories, with 52 skills (in total, the students mentioned 147 soft skills); (b) course assignments and particularly team-based activities elicited student awareness of their individual soft skills, both as strengths and weaknesses; (c) students developed their reflection skills, particularly with respect to team-related soft skills; and (d) significant differences exist between the two groups of students in several categories. Recommendations for Practitioners: It is important to provide undergraduate students with opportunities to integrate soft skills during their training. Establishing a meaningful learning process, such as project-based learning, enables students to apply and develop soft skills when accompanied by reflective thought processes. Recommendation for Researchers: A similar course can be taught and be accompanied by similar analysis of students’ learning outcomes, to examine the influence of local culture on the characteristics of soft skills. Impact on Society: Increased awareness of soft skills in scientists and engineers’ undergraduate education. University graduates who will strengthen their variety of soft skills in their academic training process and will be more meaningful employees in the workplace and in society. Future Research: Our future research aims (a) to explore additional innovative ways to increase students’ learning processes, awareness and practices in relation to soft skills and (b) to research how students’ soft skills are developed during the entire undergraduate studies both on the individual level and the team level.

The Effectiveness of Cooperative Game Techniques to Improve Social Skills of State Elementary School Students 2 Curugbarang Pandeglang

Berdasarkan hasil observasi pra penelitian, ditemukan keadaan masih terdapat siswa yang memiliki keterampilan sosial rendah di kelas V SD Negeri 2 Curugbarang Kabupaten Pandeglang tahun akademik 2019/2020. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas bimbingan kelompok dengan teknik permainan kooperatif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Pra eksperimental dengan One Group Pre-Test-Post Test Design. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 8 siswa dengan kategori keterampilan sosial rendah. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian menggunakan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata pada pre test 9,25 dengan persentase 28% sedangkan pada post test 22,375 dengan persentase 68%. Berdasarkan hasil pre test dan post test mendapatkan rata-rata gain 13,12 dengan persentase 40% yang mendefinisikan permainan kooperatif efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sosial siswa kelas V SD Negeri 2 Curugbarang kabupaten Pandeglang tahun akademik 2019/2020.

Residents’ Perspectives on and Application of Dental Public Health Competencies Using Case‐Based Methods

The aims of this study were to qualitatively assess dental public health (DPH) residents' perspectives on teaching methods for DPH competencies and to develop and implement a case-based simulation to address those competencies, constructed on the basis of the qualitative assessment. Focus group discussions were conducted with 18 DPH residents enrolled in two university-based DPH programs. Topic areas discussed in the two focus groups were perceived value of DPH competencies, ways to acquire new DPH skills/abilities, and additional skills/abilities needed by DPH residents. The focus groups' responses showed that the residents felt competent in the analytical thinking competencies such as research methodology and critiquing literature. They emphasized the importance of learning leadership skills and reported feeling somewhat uncertain about their mastery of the policy and advocacy and system evaluation competencies. Of the two distinct categories of DPH skills and competencies- analytical/critical thinking and practical competencies-these residents reported that a greater proportion of time needed to be devoted to integrating the practical competencies into their education. Based on the residents' feedback, the authors developed a structured seminar series taking a case-based approach to simulate real-world DPH problems, using real and semi-hypothetical planning projects to meet the residents' perceived needs and covering gaps between didactic learning and practice.

Analytical Study Based on Perspectives of Teacher Educators in India with Respect to Education for Sustainable Development

Abstract Education for sustainable development (ESD) has been accepted worldwide as one of the most powerful paradigms of thinking, which has a potential for changing the ongoing course of unsustainable development in order to save the fate of life on Mother Earth. As we prepare ourselves to achieve the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) of United Nations 2030 Agenda, it is crucial to analyze and reflect on the initiatives taken, which aim at sensitizing the stakeholders of education with the holistic concept of ESD, especially when it has been reported in the literature that countries of the Asia Pacific region have been slow in formally embracing the concept of ESD in their education system. With this contextual background, the present research paper aimed at understanding the prevailing perception of ESD amongst the teacher educators of India. A qualitative deductive content analysis methodology was adopted for an in-depth analysis of the subjective responses of teacher educators, teaching graduate and post-graduate level courses of teacher education programs of India’s Chandigarh region. A codebook was developed on the basis of UNESCO’s Teaching and Learning for a Sustainable Future (TLSF) program for the analysis. The findings of the research identified how and to what extent the indicators of ESD were addressed through broader categories of knowledge, skills and values. The research joins larger conversation of reorienting the teacher education programs particularly through the lens of cultural sustainability to achieve a sustainable future.

Hermeneutical approach as a methodological basis of soft skills development of technical students

Increased requirements of employers forced researchers to pay attention to the lack of academic knowledge and professional competence, so-called hard skills, when applying for a job. Multitasking has become a defining trend in all professional fields, which confronts professionals with problems that do not have a solution algorithm. We need special mechanisms for adapting the employees to constant challenges and additional knowledge and skills, the function of which is performed by soft skills. This article focuses on the development of creative and critical thinking as one of the categories of soft skills, as it is the style of thinking that determines the level of success in the professional sphere. Today, with the development of the information society, the problem of understanding a large amount of information, its processing, correct interpretation by students and further adaptation for application in professional field is a crucial one. Communication in the field of science and technology is realized in the form of discourse, which actualizes the development of future graduates creative thinking through the ability formation to explicate meaningful content, decode and deverbalize in the process of perceiving, understanding and interpreting professionally relevant information when working with scientific and technical discourse. The discipline of "Foreign Language" provides the necessary environment for developing soft skills working with the discourse in question. In this case reading is a tool for obtaining information by comparison, comparing data, analyzing the information received, highlighting the main and secondary information, establishing causality, assessing. The hermeneutic approach to the development of soft skills ensures the optimal conditions to activate mental operations responsible for effective perception and further adaptation of the information received for professional purposes. Practical part of the research is to compile a set of tasks for working with text material, which will ensure the information understanding and interpretation through certain reading strategies stimulating mental activity.

Program Belajar berbasis STEM untuk Pembelajaran IPA: Tinjauan Pustaka, dengan Referensi di Indonesia

The scenario of Industry 4.0 and 21st century skills show rapidly increase and informed. In this century, the main goal of our educational system should be able to answer students needed for living in the world. In recent years, STEM Education has received growing attention to be considered to understand STEM Education. In the South East Asia, Indonesia is one of the biggest country has a large number of human resources that should be developed. This study was aimed to examine the movement of STEM education in Indonesia within the scope of 21st century skills categories by using the content analysis method, examine best practice of STEM education for teachers by investigating engineering design skills training and reviewed the literature from 1990 to 2016 that has emphasized on development of STEM education around the world. The findings showed that STEM Education has been developed around Indonesia and has a positive impact to enhance students’ concept comprehension, literacy, and creativity. Many researches provide evidence the best practice for science teacher to implement STEM Education. STEM has a close to daily life and increase student awareness with the environment.

French validation of a measurement scale of life skills for children

Abstract Background According to WHO (2003), ‘Life skills’ are defined as psychosocial abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life. They are loosely grouped into three broad categories: cognitive for analyzing and using information, personal for developing personal agency and managing oneself, and inter-personal skills for communicating and interacting effectively with others. Skills-based health education is an approach to creating or maintaining healthy lifestyles and conditions through the development of knowledge, attitudes, and especially skills, using a variety of learning experiences, with an emphasis on participatory methods. Our aim was to develop an integrated measure of the life skills grouped into three broad categories of skills for children who are at least 9 years old. The present communication is focused on the validation in a French validation of a tool measuring social competencies in children - Weiss et al. (2014) - which represents one of the three categories of psychosocial competencies (emotional and cognitive competencies). Methods Data were collected three times during year 2017-2018: 614 questionnaire (T1), 564 (T2), 331 (T3) - 311 children filled the questionnaire three times. Three types of analyses were conducted in order to assess the validity and reliability of social competence (SPSS version 23 et AMOS version 21): Validity of construct, concurrent validity and reliability. Results The results show a high reliability and a good validity of construct and concurrent, thus indicating satisfactory psychomotor qualities. Conclusions This compendium will also assess the validity and reliability of this scale with the data collected at the other two measurement times and study the predictive validity of the scale. The same process will be applied to the cognitive skills measurement scale for validation. Acknowledgment: CPS team and schools and pupils involved.

Knowledge, skills and attitudes of civil engineers in Indonesia

Civil engineer plays an important role in construction industry because they have been entrusted to create sustainable world and to enhance the quality of life. In order to play their role successfully, civil engineer needs to possess many and varied knowledge and skills, as well as supported by embracing attitudes. This study is aimed to explore the importance and achievement of attributes of civil engineers based on profile of the 2025 civil engineer that has been launched by American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE). The attributes consist of 21 points those are organized into the categories of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The research was conducted by asking respondents to fill out a questionnaire to assess the importance and performance of each attribute. The data has been collected from 100 practitioners who work in various construction companies in Indonesia. Descriptive Statistic, Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and correlation analysis have been implemented to analyze the data. The study found communication is considered as the most important attribute and in a highest performance. Thoroughly the Spearman Rank Correlation analysis shows the level of importance and performance have a strong and positive correlation. However, the importance and performance level of knowledge about sustainability only in the rank of 16 and 18. This result shows that in Indonesia knowledge about sustainability has not been considered important.

Developing Tourism Curriculum Content to Support International Tourism Growth and Competitiveness: An Example from the Central Baltic Area

ABSTRACTThis article presents an example of developing tourism curriculum content in regional cooperation to support the growth and competitiveness of international tourism in the Central Baltic Area. The whole area should be developed as a common tourism destination, but lack of suitable skills and availability of skilled workforce hinders the development. The necessary skills and knowledge were identified by considering the context and potential applications of skills and knowledge. The data were collected in Latvia and Finland by interviewing the tourism stakeholders (n = 76). The analysis resulted in five categories of skills and knowledge: product and experience development, multi-channel sales and marketing communication, multi-sectorality and cooperation, managing business operations, cultural awareness and internationalization. It can be concluded that the stakeholders identified mostly operational level skills and knowledge required by the SMEs. They did not deem important the skills and knowledge at the strategic level to facilitate management and development of destinations.

Female Adolescents and Life Skills based on the Social Cognitive Theory: A Qualitative Study

Background: Adolescence is one of the most important periods of life for all people. This is a transition period from childhood to adulthood, through which individuals should learn to make the right decisions and apply the life skills. This study aimed to explain the life skills' experiences of 12-14 year-old female adolescents. Materials and Methods: In this qualitative content analysis study, adolescent girls aged 12-14 years were selected by the purposeful sampling method. The data were collected using individual interviews and focus group discussions. The recorded audio files were transcribed. Then, the information was compared and merged with the available literature in the field. A classification matrix was created according to the constructs of the social cognitive theory (SCT). Categories were derived from the constructs of SCT and themes were extracted from the analysis and interpretation of data. Results: The main extracted themes consisted of the environmental, behavioral, and personal factors. The theme of environmental factors included two categories of interpersonal relationships and influential role models as well as access to resources and facilities. The theme of behavioral factors included the categories of skills and the personal factors' theme contained the categories of personality traits, attitudes, perceived self-efficacy, knowledge, and outcome expectations. Conclusion: The use of life skills by adolescents is influenced by personal, environmental, and behavioral factors. Therefore, appropriate conditions should be provided for the adolescents to use the life skills. These conditions include acquisition of knowledge and skills, perception of positive outcome expectancies, existence of influential role models, existence of supportive systems, access to facilities, and positive attitudes.

A MODEL FOR YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILLS OF THE COMMUNITY-BASED LEADERSHIP TRAINING FOR THE URBAN YOUTH IN CHINA

With the rapid social and economic development, the entrepreneurship skills become more important for the youth to ensure positive development of youth leadership skills. The purpose of this study is to investigate the entrepreneurship skills of urban youth and then develop a model for youth entrepreneurship skills of the community- based leadership training for the urban youth in China. In this study, two methods have been applied: students’ questionnaire survey and the Fuzzy Delphi Method by experts. This study involved 526 students aged 14 to 18 years old in four secondary schools and high schools in Baoding city, Shijiazhuang city, Chengde city and Handan city in Hebei Province for survey. The findings from the survey show that the levels of entrepreneurship skills are still at moderate level. The Fuzzy Delphi Method was conducted to eighteen experts from the fields of education, language, Chinese Studies, accounting and business, and life sciences to get a consensus on youth entrepreneurship skills and related activities. The results demonstrate that there are three categories of skills for the entrepreneurship namely, visiting the local famous enterprises; the lecture activities of successful entrepreneur to share their experiences to make the youth start to learn entrepreneurship; and the activities of financial literacy and personal finance.