Product Categories Research Articles

Pemanfaatan Digital Marketing untuk Meningkatkan Pemasaran Produk Makanan dan Brand Awareness Desa Kraton

Kraton Village is one of the villages in Jember Regency, precisely in Kencong District. Kraton Village has a population of 10,534, and 1,756 of them are households. Kencong District has several villages, including (1) Kraton Village, (2) Cakru Village, (3) Paseban Village, (4) Kencong Village, and (5) Wonorejo Village. Kraton Village itself consists of several hamlets, namely (1) Krajan Hamlet, (2) Sidonganti Hamlet, (3) Muneng Hamlet, and (4) Kedunglangkap Hamlet. A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, design, or a combination of these that is intended to identify the product or service of a person or seller and to differentiate it from competitors' products or other similar products. Understanding brand awareness. Brand awareness is the ability of consumers to recognize or remember that a brand is a member of a certain product category. So in a business, the name or label becomes as important as the identity of a product. Service activities have been completed and reported in the form of an article in January 2024. The results of the implementation of this service generally help in the process of optimizing the food business in Kraton Village, both online and conventionally. With this program, food businesses are not only invited to sell products and market them online but are also invited to create innovative, creative products that can generate consumer interest in buying these products.

A Good Signal: How Firms Can Utilize Country of Origin as a Strategic Analytical Tool

Abundant consumer data has made decision-making more complicated, rather than simple, for marketers. This raises an important question about which variables in the data contain reliable information for retailers to predict future consumer purchase value (CPV) to guide strategic decisions. The authors address this question by exploring the variables “distinctive choice of brand country of origin” (DBCOO) and “country of origin diversity” (COO diversity) as analytical tools to extract insights from consumer purchase data. Building on signaling theory, the authors theorize and empirically test that DBCOO and COO diversity in a consumer's purchase history can signal, and therefore help predict, CPV. Moreover, the authors explore high-involvement product categories and purchase frequency as boundary conditions to develop a comprehensive framework of COO signals as strategic analytical tools. They find that DBCOO in a consumer's purchase history indeed increases CPV and that this relationship is enhanced for high-involvement product categories but moderated curvilinearly by purchase frequency. Moreover, they find that the COO diversity–CPV link is positive but interacts negatively with both moderators. This allows retailers to successfully distinguish high- from low-CPV consumers and thus enables them to manage the marketing mix and resources more effectively.

Product Design Trends within the Footwear Industry: A Review

Computer technology influences the capability to enhance the functionality of manufacturing and product design technologies. Innovations in computational design and digital manufacturing empower designers and manufacturers to create novel representations and algorithms for designing, analyzing, and planning the production of highly complicated products achievable through state-of-the-art technology. Various principles, including computational physics, geometric reasoning, and automated spatial planning, enable engineers to generate entirely new categories of products in the footwear industry. This study aims to review the methods and tools that have been published in the literature for the last twenty years, and provide a better understanding of the parameters, tools, and controls that contribute to the design and manufacturing processes of shoes. The main focus is on highlighting the product design-related trends within the footwear industry. A structured framework becomes apparent in the literature through the grouping and presentation of information. This framework facilitates drawing conclusions about the trends and existing needs derived from in-depth research in the field of footwear. Additionally, it reveals the upcoming methods and tools that will contribute to the enhancement and development of this emerging and promising industry sector. In conclusion, the categorization limitation within the footwear industry could serve as the foundation for exploring key areas to be analyzed further in other industries, for instance, in furniture, clothing, and packaging.

The prevalence and portrayal of Asian Americans in advertising: a comparative content analysis over three decades

Few studies have examined the prevalence and portrayal of Asian Americans in advertising; and those that have done so are outdated. To address this gap in the literature, the present study first examines the prevalence and portrayal of Asian Americans in advertising produced by the top 25 advertisers in the United States from 2010 to 2019; and then compares these findings to previous studies examining the portrayal of Asian Americans in advertising from the past three decades. Factors analyzed from a longitudinal perspective include (1) frequency of representation, (2) ad setting, (3) product category, and (4) role prominence. To build on these findings, the present study also analyzed how Asian Americans were portrayed in terms of their integration with actors and models of other races. Insights from this study contribute to knowledge about the prevalence and portrayal of Asian Americans in modern advertising as compared to the previous three decades and pose important questions about the potential societal impact of such portrayals. Findings also offer useful practical implications for advertisers seeking to leverage the buying power of the important and growing Asian American audience and suggest important areas of future research for cultural scholars, diversity advocates, and policymakers.

Investigation of thallium as a contaminant in dietary supplements marketed for weight loss and physical fitness

Dietary supplements are drastically growing as a category of consumer products all over the world. The abuse of supplements marketed for slimming purposes and physical fitness has been observed worldwide in recent years, which raises concerns in terms of public health. In this study, different types of dietary supplements marketed and delivered through the e-commerce were studied for the determination of thallium as a hazardous inorganic contaminant. The total content of thallium was determined by a sensitive voltammetric method after a microwave-assisted oxidative digestion of the sample. In addition, a comparative spectrometric method was applied for validation of the results in the samples. The maximum concentration found for thallium was found to be 2.89 mg kg−1, which well agree with the comparative measurement. Considering the 32 studied formulations, it can be pointed out that ∼24% of the of dietary supplements presented Tl concentrations at concentrations higher than 1 mg kg−1. The results permitted the assessment of the health risk related to thallium from contaminated samples, based on the calculation of the estimated daily intake (EDI) and the risk quotient (HQ). The highest daily intake of thallium was calculated as 82.0 µg day−1 in a protein-based supplement, which is equivalent to an EDI of 1.17 µg kg−1 day−1. This work highlights the need to develop regulations on the limits of toxic elements such as thallium in widely consumed dietary supplements, as well as an in-depth look at the adverse effects caused by this element in the human body.

Reach and public health implications of proposed new food marketing regulation in Germany: an updated analysis.

Advertising for unhealthy foods adversely affects children's food preferences and intake. The German government published plans to restrict such advertising in February 2023 and has revised them several times since. We assess the reach of the current draft from June 2023, and discuss its public health implications. We show that across 22 product categories covered by the current draft law, the median share of products permitted for marketing to children stands at 55%, with an interquartile range of 11-73%. Resistance from industry groups and from within government poses hurdles and leaves the prospects of the legislation uncertain.

The role of health-related claims and situational skepticism on consumers’ food choices

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effect of three types of health-related claims (health, nutrition and ingredient) and product healthiness on situational skepticism toward the claims that appear on the front-of-package of food products. The effect of situational skepticism on the purchase intention of the product is further examined.Design/methodology/approachTwo experimental studies were conducted with a 3 (health-related claims: health claim vs nutrition claim vs ingredient claim) × 2 (product healthiness: healthy vs unhealthy) between-subjects factorial design. Study 1 investigates the effects within a single product category (Biscuits) and Study 2 the effects across product categories (Salad and Pizza).FindingsThe results demonstrate that situational skepticism is the highest for health claims, followed by nutrition claims and the least for ingredient claims. In addition, situational skepticism is higher for claims appearing on unhealthy products vis-à-vis healthy ones. Finally, situational skepticism mediates the relationship between claim type, product healthiness and product purchase intention.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the field of nutrition labeling by advancing research on information processing of nutrition labels through the lens of the persuasion knowledge model (Friestad and Wright, 1994). Specifically, this study contributes to a nuanced understanding of claim formats on how the language properties of the claim – its vagueness, specificity and verifiability – can affect consumer perception. This study finds that higher specificity, verifiability and lower vagueness of ingredient claims lead to lower skepticism and hence higher purchase intention.Practical implicationsFurthermore, this study incrementally contributes to the ongoing discussion about the claim–carrier combination by showing that health-related claims are better perceived on healthy compared to unhealthy products. Hence, managers should avoid health washing, as this can backfire and cause harm to the reputation of the firm.Social implicationsFrom a public policy point of view, this study makes a case for strong monitoring and regulations of ingredient claims, as consumers believe these claims easily and hence can be misled by false ingredient claims made by unethical marketers.Originality/valueThe scope of research on skepticism has largely been limited to examining a general individual tendency of being suspicious (i.e. dispositional skepticism) in health-related claims as well as other areas of marketing. In this research, the authors extend the scope by examining how specific types of claims (health vs nutrition vs ingredient) and product healthiness jointly impact consumer skepticism, i.e. situational skepticism.

Tendency to Addiction from the Viewpoints of the Youth and Their Parents Based on the Marketing Model (Com-B), in 2020, Yazd

Introduction: The present research was conducted with the aim of explaining the views of teenagers-the adults and their parents regarding the prevention of drug addiction based on the mixed elements of the marketing model (audience needs, access to services, cost, and communication). Methods: This research was conducted based on a qualitative research method using an exploratory method. 14 teenagers-adults and 10 parents, 24 participants were selected through targeted sampling, from the marginal neighborhoods of Yazd in 2019; the neighborhoods included Maryam Abad, Hassan Abad, and Skan. In total, 2 semi-structured in-depth interviews with parents and 3 focused group discussions were conducted with the presence of teenagers and young people in the neighborhood. In this study, the information, including demographic characteristics, and the results of market analysis were obtained with elements of Communication for Behavioral Impact (COMBI) social marketing model; they were investigated using focus group discussions (FGD) and semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed based on the content analysis method. Results: The qualitative study resulted in 63 codes, 26 subcategories, 4 categories, product, location, cost, and promotion according to the COMBI model structures. Product category or behavioral characteristics, having peace of mind, and seeking independence were mentioned by both groups of parents and the youth as the factors of addiction tendency. But, regarding the cost of addiction, while teenagers and the young people considered the social side effects of drug use, such as losing friends, more important, parents were more concerned about the physical side effects of drugs. Location or environmental and social conditions were important for both groups of parents and the youth. Conclusion: The results showed that although both groups of teenagers-the youth and their parents pointed to the social, environmental, and individual factors of addiction, their intended examples were different in many areas. Parents considered the most important factor in the tendency to drugs addiction to be the structure of the audience's need, having peace of mind, compensating for the sense of deficiencies and the need for independence, and the youth suggested the use of virtual space and creating motivation and awareness campaign to prevent addiction as a suitable method. Perceived costs according to the young people were loss of friends, feeling of rejection, loss of self-confidence, and negative view of others towards addiction. One of the reasons for the tendency towards addiction was mentioned by the young people as the location and easy access to drugs, and the parents said that the suitable place for the tendency towards addiction was having a risky and inappropriate family.

Uncovering Gen Z’s Styles: A Deep Dive into the Consumer Behavior in the Fashion Industry

As the first digital generation, Gen Z individuals exhibit unique characteristics and preferences that challenge traditional marketing strategies It appears that Gen Z has very different shopping habits from previous generations. This study seeks to fill this gap by conducting a thorough investigation into various aspects of Gen Z's relationship with fashion, including their shopping habits, brand preferences, influences, sustainability concerns, and how they express themselves through clothing and style choices. The study focuses only on Generation Z individuals aged 12 to 27 who actively shop for fashion items in the fashion industry and who are living around Noveleta, Cavite. The study covers three years to capture information about recent trends and changes. Due to time limitations, the study restricted data collection to interviews, excluding other methods. It will limit the investigation to specific fashion product categories, such as clothing and footwear. This study used qualitative research given that it aims to investigate how Gen Z consumers engage in the fashion industry. In this research, the researchers conduct a thematic analysis to interpret the collected data. The results of the study are, Gen Z expressed their individuality through different fashion style by creating unique outfits based on what they prefer. Social media is the most common factors influencing Gen Z’s decisions to purchase fashion products. Gen Z expressed a strong preference for sustainable and ethically produced fashion products that align with their values and beliefs. Lastly, affordability constraints are the most common experiences and challenges faced by Gen Z consumers.

Vegetation diversity based on peat hydrological units for supporting cattle production in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract. Setiawan D, Jayanegara A, Nahrowi, Kumalasari NR. 2024. Vegetation diversity based on peat hydrological units for supporting cattle production in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2011-2019. This study determined the characteristics of forage supply, composition, and diversity in various West Kalimantan Peat Hydrological Units (PHU) and the capacity for livestock development. The methods used were a combination of surveys, direct observations, and measurements of samples of peat hydrological units commonly used as pasture by farmers. The results showed that the pattern of providing forage for livestock is that the majority of farmers are in the productive age category (41-60 years), the education level was only elementary school, livestock farming was only a side business (78.33-81.67%), and the mowing capacity was still above livestock feed requirements. Important Value Index (IVI) in Mempawah Ageratum conyzoides (32.34%), Pontianak IVI Digitaria sanguinalis (27.17%), Kubu Raya IVI Cyperus brevifolius (22.43%). The forage species diversity index (H) of the three districts in West Kalimantan was classified as moderate or high. The species Richness Indices (R') for Mempawah, Pontianak, and Kubu Raya were 5.01, 6.22, and 6.41, respectively. The carrying capacity index in Kubu Raya (2.01) and Mempawah (5.19) was included in the safety criteria because it has a CCI above 2. In conclusion, The West Kalimantan livestock population can be increased by utilizing land in rice fields, dry fields, community forests, and plantations as a source of diverse forage vegetation.

Utilizing derivatizing agents for the differentiation of cannabinoid isomers in complex food, beverage and personal-care product matrices by ambient ionization mass spectrometry

Recent legalization and decriminalization of marijuana at the state level has not only contributed to a rise in the recreational use of Cannabis sativa, also known simply as Cannabis, but also to an increase in the range of matrices into which cannabinoids derived from it are infused. Traditional methods for analyzing these products, which are typically chromatography-based, are often matrix-dependent and demand time-consuming and resource-intensive sample preparation protocols that are highly nuanced and not readily applicable to multiple matrix types. Furthermore, the differentiation of cannabinoids can be troublesome without implementing lengthy run times to achieve resolution of chromatographic peaks. With complex samples such as edibles, beverages, personal-care products, and plant materials, a method that can be more universally applied to rapidly detect and differentiate between cannabinoids is highly desirable. In this study, foods and personal-care products under the categories of sweets, spreads, condiments/toppings, beverages, oils, and commercial body products were spiked with cannabinoids including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabicitran (CBT), and cannabigerol (CBG). Chemical derivatization of the samples with N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) followed by direct analysis in real time – high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) analysis readily revealed the presence of cannabinoids in the products despite the matrix complexity (i.e., the contributions from matrix-derived peaks did not interfere with the differentiation of cannabinoids). When analyzed under ambient soft ionization conditions, CBT, THC and CBD are indistinguishable because they are isomers with a molecular formula of C21H30O2 and a protonated monoisotopic mass of 315.2324. However, due to the different number of hydroxyl (-OH) groups (zero in CBT, one in THC, and two in CBD) that engage with the derivatizing agent, the cannabinoids are differentiated based on the mass disparities of the protonated adducts formed (m/z 315.2324, 387.2719 and 459.3119 for CBT, THC, and CBD, respectively), which is readily revealed by DART-HRMS. This approach circumvents some of the challenges currently encountered by forensic laboratories in the analysis of highly complex and diverse cannabinoid-infused matrices. The results show proof-of-concept for an approach that can aid in the differentiation of cannabinoid isomers by DART-HRMS that accommodates high matrix diversity and complexity, and demonstrates the potential for the approach to be integrated into current workflows for the forensic analysis of Cannabis-related materials and evidence.

The effect of retail shelf position on private-label brand evaluations

PurposeThis research examines the effects of physical proximity (close vs distant) of retailers’ private label brands (PLBs) relative to national brands (NBs) and brand display orientation (horizontal [brands occupy the same shelf] vs vertical [brands occupy different shelves]) on consumers’ PLB quality perceptions and PLB evaluations.Design/methodology/approachTwo experiments involving real brands in different product categories tested the hypotheses.FindingsA PLB positioned close (vs distant) to a NB is evaluated more favorably and this effect is mediated by increased PLB quality perceptions, but only in a horizontal brand display. In a vertical brand display, a PLB positioned close (vs distant) to a NB is evaluated less favorably and this effect is mediated by decreased PLB quality perceptions.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest that to enhance consumers’ PLB quality perceptions and evaluations, PLBs be positioned next to (rather than on separate shelves) and close to (rather than distant from) NBs in the same product category.Originality/valueAlthough the literature suggests that the best shelf position for PLBs is close to NBs, there is a lack of empirical research on the effects of relative shelf positioning on consumers’ quality perceptions and subsequent PLB evaluations. This research finds that both physical proximity and brand display orientation play an important role.

Automatic Pricing and Replenishment Decision-Making for Vegetable Commodities Based on Seasonal Index Prediction Models

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the relationship between sales, pricing, and product categories to construct a predictive model designed to optimize replenishment decisions and maximize superstore profits. The study begins with data preprocessing, integrating data coded according to individual products, on which the model is built and solved. In the first part, descriptive statistical analysis and visualization revealed that the sales volume of each category showed a cluster-like distribution, which was affected by seasonal variations. Based on the time series smoothness test, it is initially judged that each individual product is a smooth series, and the smoothness of the series is verified by ADF test. In the second part, the correlation coefficients of the sales volume of each category and single product were calculated by using Spearman correlation analysis, and the results were presented through heat maps, which revealed the strong correlation between different categories. For the relational equation between total sales volume and cost-plus pricing, an autoregressive and least squares model was developed, with cost-plus pricing as the dependent variable and total sales volume as the independent variable. For the seasonal index prediction model, the total daily replenishment and pricing at future dates were predicted by calculating the seasonal index. The results show that the replenishment volume of flowers and leaves fluctuates greatly, and it is recommended that pricing and replenishment volume be adjusted in a timely manner according to the actual sales situation; cauliflower, aquatic roots and tubers, and eggplant are relatively stable, and they should be adjusted moderately according to the market demand; and chili peppers and edibles are on a downward trend, and it is recommended that replenishment volume be reduced in order to avoid the inventory backlog.

The Impact of “Retail Media” on Online Marketplaces: Insights from a Field Experiment

A part of retail media wherein sponsored product listings are interleaved with organic product listings in the search results is a large and growing phenomenon. In this paper, we study the impact of displaying sponsored listings at top positions for the platform. Analyzing data from a large-scale field experiment at a leading online marketplace in India, we find nuanced results that substantially vary across product categories. In the electronics category, the sponsored listings receive fewer clicks than the organic listings that they replace. Surprisingly, this effect is reversed in the clothing category, in which the ads perform better than the displaced organic listings, suggesting that sponsored listings might help the platform identify new high-relevance products and improve search rankings for these categories. At the search level, we find that increasing the fraction of sponsored listings (by about 10% points) in the search results does not affect the performance in any product category. This implies that ads bring in additional revenue for the marketplace yet do not hurt overall consumer response (in the short run). We theorize that the variation across categories occurs because of differing degrees of information asymmetry on product relevance between the marketplace and the sellers.

From Second-Hand to Third-Hand: Reuse and Resale Cycle

Abstract The promotion of reuse and resale has been receiving extensive attention worldwide for the sake of sustainability. The current research provides insights into this area and identifies a “reuse and resale cycle,” whereby consumers are more willing to resell products they originally obtained second hand, compared to products they obtained brand new. One potential mechanism that accounts for this effect is the relatively weak connection consumers form with the second-hand items they own. Six studies confirmed this effect across various product categories. Study 1 tracked consumers’ actual resale of the possessions they owned in real life. Subsequent studies provided further empirical evidence for the proposed effect, uncovered the underlying mechanism concerning the strength of the connection with the product, and showed that the effect diminished among consumers who chronically have a high tendency to link themselves with their possessions. This research advances the understanding of resale behaviors. It has implications for consumers to avoid retaining excessive possessions and for the second-hand market to develop in a healthy manner, eventually contributing to society’s sustainability in the long run.

A growing number of AIs cleared for clinical use is finally available: The AI-assisted Pathologist

As more pathology laboratories are transitioning to a digital workflow, the availability of commercial Artificial Intelligence assistance systems is also increasing. Today nearly 40 such products approved for diagnostic use are available. This article provides an overview of the most widely addressed use cases, including Immunohistochemistry scoring for breast cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, Gleason grading for prostate cancer, or metastasis detection in lymph nodes. While automation alone already promises an increase in efficiency that may help to bridge the growing gap between supply (pathology work force) and demand (histological testing), this article introduces another category of Artificial Intelligence products that go beyond just mimicking today’s established score. Various Artificial Intelligence are being introduced that detect genetic alterations or stratify risk, directly from the standard hematoxylin & eosin staining. Finally, a brief outlook explains how basic AI models are currently finding their way into computational pathology and promise to further accelerate product developments by decreasing the time-to-model.

The Genesis Effect: Digital Goods in the Metaverse

Abstract This research shows that although the used and unused versions of a digital good (e.g., virtual apparel) are identical in every pixel and functionality, consumers tend to prefer the unused version. This “genesis effect” occurs because consumers tend to perceive used (vs. unused) digital goods as virtually contaminated and because being permanently listed as the first (vs. subsequent) owner in the ownership record can confer a greater sense of status. Specifically, in study 1, analyses of large-scale field data on purchases of digital goods in the metaverse showed that consumers paid substantially more to acquire the unused (vs. used) version of the same good. Studies 2–4 causally demonstrated the genesis effect and its underlying mechanism across metaverse product categories—participants were less likely to purchase digital goods described as used (vs. unused). Virtual contamination and virtual status jointly mediated the effect. Furthermore, being the first—at the genesis of a digital product’s usage history—was particularly special, such that participants were less sensitive to increases in the number of prior owners after the first one. Finally, showing participants that a used good had been digitally reconstituted attenuated the genesis effect. These findings add to the literature on consumer behavior in the metaverse and offer managerial insights on digital goods marketing.

Recommender System in E-Commerce

In the realm of e-commerce, recommendation systems play a pivotal role in guiding users towards relevant products. However, existing systems often grapple with inefficiencies in handling large datasets and fail to deliver personalized recommendations tailored to individual preferences. Addressing these challenges, the study introduces an innovative approach leveraging graph databases to enhance the performance of e- commerce recommendation systems. Through comprehensive analysis, the study delves into four critical aspects: database comparison, user exploration frequency across product categories, the diversity of available category types, and user browsing history analysis. This investigation unveils Neo4j's superior efficiency over MySQL in managing extensive datasets, laying the groundwork for more robust recommendation engines. By scrutinizing user behaviour patterns, the recommender system predicts preferences with precision, promising a tailored and gratifying shopping experience for users. Moreover, with support for a diverse array of category types, users gain flexibility in exploring products based on varied criteria, addressing a crucial need in the market for personalized shopping experiences. Leveraging insights gleaned from user browsing history, the system delivers refined recommendations, poised to elevate user satisfaction and engagement within the competitive landscape of e- commerce. In conclusion, the study highlights the significance of recommendation systems in enhancing the e- commerce experience. By leveraging graph databases, particularly Neo4j, over traditional systems like MySQL, significant improvements in managing extensive datasets are demonstrated.

A Survey of On Personalized E-Commerce

The Personalized e-commerce application proposed by us incorporates several essential modules to provide a seamless and convenient shopping experience for users. The app utilizes GPS or network-based location services to determine the user's location and search for nearby shops within a specified radius of 5 km. The app also allows users to set preferences such as cuisine, product category, and price range, which are used to filter the list of nearby shops and display only those that match the user's preferences. The app provides relevant information for each shop, such as its name, address, product offerings, prices, and rating options to get directions to the selected shop. Additionally, the app will enable users to make purchases either by redirecting them to the shop's website or by implementing an in-app purchasing process. With these features, the proposed personalized e-commerce app offers a personalized and convenient shopping experience for users, allowing them to find and purchase products from nearby shops with ease.

Nutritional Analysis of Plant-Based Meat: Current Advances and Future Potential

This perspective article delves into the current state of the art pertaining to the nutritional aspects of plant-based meat and identifies future opportunities for improvement in this line of research. A comparative overview of the macro- and micronutrients of plant-based meat products vis-à-vis conventional animal meat is presented in the initial section. This article explains the differences in their nutritional profiles, highlighting the advantages (equivalent protein content, low saturated fat, source of dietary fiber) and challenges (incomplete amino acid profile, anti-nutrients, and low bioavailability of nutrients) of plant-based alternatives. Emphasis has been placed on the health challenges posed by anti-nutrients in plant-based meat and the role of phytase as a promising solution for mitigating these concerns. The latter sections of this article highlight the ability of phytase enzymes to cause a substantial reduction in phytic acid content and improve the absorption of iron and zinc from the food matrix while not affecting the textural attributes of end products. By deliberating on these critical factors, the article aims to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on the nutritional aspects of plant-based meat and the scientific strategies to mitigate the nutritional challenges currently associated with this category of alternative protein products.