Categories Of Depression Research Articles

Impact of Depression on Patients With Hemophilia: A Retrospective Case-Control Research

BackgroundHemophilia is an inherited recessive hemorrhagic disorder of the X-linked type, suffered by the male sex. Adults with hemophilia are coping with numerous diagnostics, associated comorbidities, pain, and difficult gait by arthropathy in ankles and feet. Physical pains contribute to depression in patients with hemophilia.PurposeThe study aimed to assess the impact of depression in adult patient with hemophilia and to compare it with healthy matched-paired controls. Methods: The sample consisted of 100 participants (median age 42.50 ± 30). Patients with hemophilia were recruited from Spanish Hemophiliac Associations (n = 50) and healthy subjects (n = 50) from a Clinic Podiatry Practices (University of Malaga, Spain).ResultsResults and categories of the Spanish-translated version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were gathered. A clear statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was presented in the variation of the BDI scores between both groups. Patients with hemophilia presented worse results with a BDI = 7.50 ± 11.25 points compared to healthy subjects with BDI = 2.50 ± 5 points. In the BDI categories, statistically significant differences (p = 0.004) were found in greater BDI categories in the Hemophilia group compared with healthy subjects. Moderate and severe depression categories were only shown in patients with hemophilia.ConclusionsGreater depression scores and range status were observed in patients with hemophilia compared to non-patients with hemophilia. Patients with hemophilia are at increased risk of depressiveness.

Controversies in the Pharmacotherapy of Adolescent Depression.

Although fluoxetine and, in the USA, escitalopram are approved for depression in adolescence, substantial concern surrounds antidepressant use in youth. Major controversies regarding the efficacy and safety (increased suicidality) of antidepressants exist. The category of depression is very broad and overinclusive in terms of etiology, the role of psychosocial adversities severity, episodicity, presentation, and relationship with bipolarity. This heterogeneity, not fully considered in Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), may account for the disappointing results with respect to both the efficacy and safety. Based on the available literature, we will address the following topics: a) controversies regarding the definition of depression as a unique homogeneous condition with a unique type of pharmacological treatment; b) controversies about the interpretation of data from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of pharmacological treatments in adolescent depression; c) the interpretation of data regarding the safety of antidepressant treatment in adolescent depression, particularly in terms of increased suicidal risk. According to RCTs, antidepressants are minimally to moderately more effective than placebo, principally based on very high placebo responses, and only fluoxetine shows more evidence of efficacy. These differences in meta-analyses are sometimes statistically but not clinically significant. Depression is a heterogeneous condition in terms of etiology, the role of psychosocial adversities severity, episodicity, presentation, and relationship with bipolarity. This heterogeneity may partly explain the low drug-placebo difference and the high placebo response (possibly related to a high level of natural recovery of adolescent depression). In the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded studies, including a lower number of study sites and more reliable enrollment procedures, lower placebo response rates and greater group differences between medication and placebo were found. Robust evidence supports an increased risk of emergent suicidality after starting antidepressants. A clear age effect on suicidal risk after antidepressants is supported by a comprehensive meta-analysis, showing that suicidal risk increases with decreasing age, being markedly greater in subjects aged between 18 and 25 years. However, the term suicidality is too broad, as it includes suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts, and completed suicide, with a wide range of severity and pervasiveness. If emergent suicidality should be actively and carefully explored, empirical evidence, albeit weak, suggests that combined pharmacotherapy (antidepressant and/or lithium) associated with psychotherapy may be helpful in reducing pretreatment suicidal ideation and suicidal risk. Moderate to severe depression should be treated with psychotherapy and/or fluoxetine, the bestsupported medication, and treatment-resistant adolescents should always receive combined treatment with psychotherapy. Suicidal ideation, particularly with a plan, should be actively explored before starting an antidepressant, as a reason for the closest monitoring. Emergent suicidality after starting antidepressants, as well as antidepressant-related activation, should also be closely monitored and may lead to antidepressant discontinuation. Although no response to pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy may occur in up to 40% of depressed adolescents, possible predictors or mediators of poorer response in adolescents are uncertain, and only a few studies support possible treatment strategies. Finally, studies exploring the efficacy of antidepressants in specific depression subtypes, i.e., based on prevalent psychopathological dimensions (apathy, withdrawal, impulsivity), are warranted.

Developing a New Neuromodulation Treatment Pathway for the Treatment of Depression

AimsTo ensure an appropriate treatment pathway is available to patients diagnosed with Depression a STEPPED care model where different types of intervention are offered depending on the patient's experienced severity of Depression. However, a great percentage of patients continue to experience disabling symptoms and fall into the Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD) category. There was a need to review the options available within local Mental Health Services (MHS) for the treatment of patients with depression and TRD.MethodsA new clinical pathway was designed to provide access to patients to emerging treatments, such as EsKetamine, Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS) and repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS). After calculating the local impact of depression to patients, trust resources and society we extrapolated our calculations to neighbouring Trusts covering the South West. A newly developed business plan demonstrating the need for new treatment options and the benefits, financial and otherwise, was presented and underwent various approvals levels by the Trust Governance and Executive Committees and local commissioning groups, before being able to proceed. Within the original business plan, rTMS and VNS were offered in addition to the existing ECT as parts of a new treatment pathway. We are now in the process of incorporating EsKetamine and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). The clinic was set up in March 2020, just at the beginning of the pandemic, which halted operations for quite a few months before being able to resume recentlyResultsWe have managed to treat patients with both VNS and rTMS from our Trust, as well from surrounding areas. Patients have already experienced benefits in the recovery from symptoms. The new service has provided another line of support for colleagues in offering bespoke treatment plans to their patients and patients have appreciated having access to new non-traditional treatment options.ConclusionAlthough there has been a primary result in improving patient care, income generation is also possible by positioning the Trust in the forefront of new therapeutics and allowing the provision of service to expand to neighbouring Trusts and private patients. Other benefits are associated with the Trust's reputations and kudos being enhanced and include the forging of new pathways within the developing alliance with General Hospitals, increased ‘visibility’ for training and research opportunities, improved patient satisfaction and improved CQC standing.

A cross-sectional study on clinical correlates of post-stroke depression in a tertiary health-care system of India

Objectives: The aim of our study is to determine the relation of the type of stroke and site of lesion and medical comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension with the severity of depression, HAM-D scores as well as age and gender of these patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted over 2 months that included 61 patients from neurology OPD of IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar. Purposive sampling was done. The patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were first assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire to obtain the sociodemographic data. Clinical psychiatric evaluation and detailed mental state examination were done. Based on the clinical findings and using ICD 10-DCR criteria, the 61 patients with CVA were segregated as depressive and non-depressive categories. HAM-A and HAM-D scales were applied on both the groups. MRI findings done at the time of the attack were obtained. Further research is needed to identify the mechanisms of depression and why antidepressants lead to improved physical and cognitive recovery and decreased mortality. Results: Age of onset, gender, type of stroke and hemispherical involvement do not show any correlation with PSD. However, we found that the HAM-D scores were much higher in PSD patients with lacunar lesions as compared to non-depressive post stroke patients. Conclusion: Lacunar lesions may be involved in the psychopathology of depressive illness among stroke survivors. This could help us predict the occurrence of depressive illness among stroke patients with lacunar lesions. HAM-D and HAM-A may be used to detect anxiety and depressive symptoms among these patients.

Temperament, anxiety, and depression in school-age children who stutter

Purpose: The main aim of this study was to gain insight into whether temperament and/or stuttering severity were associated with anxiety and depression in children who stutter. Additionally, the study also provided an indication into the prevalence of anxiety and depression in children who stutter in a clinical cohort.Method: The participants were 132 English-speaking children (105 boys and 27 girls) between 9;0 and 14;11 years old (M = 11;8, SD = 1;10) and their mothers. At their first visit to a specialist center for children who stutter, mothers and children completed the relevant versions of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (EATQ-R; Ellis & Rothbart, 2001) and a screening of children's anxiety and depression, using the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS; Chorpita et al., 2000). Stuttering was evaluated using the Stuttering Severity Instrument Fourth Edition (SSI-4). Correlations were conducted between child and parent versions of the EATQ-R and RCADS; EATQ-R and RCADS; as well as the SSI-4 and RCADS. A comparison was made between those children who scored below the clinical threshold for anxiety and depression, and those who scored above.Results: Significant correlations were found for all mother and child EATQ-R factors and RCADS scales (except for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder). Correlations were also found between the child- and mother-reported temperament factors of positive reactivity, negative reactivity, and self-regulation and anxiety and depression. Children who scored above the clinical threshold for any category of anxiety or depression had significantly lower positive reactivity and higher negative reactivity scores, compared to those who scored below the threshold. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to SSI-4 scores.Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate associations between temperament and anxiety and depression in children who stutter. Higher negative reactivity scores and lower positive reactivity and self-regulation scores are associated with elevated levels of anxiety and depression in children who stutter. Further, those who score above the clinical threshold have significantly higher levels of negative reactivity and lower levels of positive reactivity compared to those scoring below the threshold. Findings suggest that levels of anxiety that reach clinical threshold are more prevalent in children who stutter than would be expected based on population data. Current findings have implications for both the assessment and therapy of children who stutter presenting at clinics for support.

A Body Shape Index and Body Roundness Index in Relation to Anxiety, Depression, and Psychological Distress in Adults.

BackgroundDespite the large evidence on the association between obesity and psychological disorders, studies investigating new anthropometric indices in relation to mental health are limited. We aimed to explore the association between A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI) and common psychological disorders (anxiety, depression, and psychological distress) among Iranian adults.MethodsIn this cross-sectional investigation, anthropometric measures of 3213 Iranian adults were gathered using a validated self-reported questionnaire. ABSI and BRI values of participants were calculated through pre-defined formulas. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) validated for Iranians were used to assess psychological distress, anxiety, and depression.ResultsMean age of participants was 36.6 ± 7.73, and 62.8% of them were women. ABSI and BRI were higher in subjects with anxiety and psychological distress. Also, depressed participants had higher BRI. After considering potential confounders, individuals in the last tertile of ABSI, compared to the first tertile, had higher odds of anxiety (OR: 1.41, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.93) and psychological distress (OR: 1.39, 95%CI: 1.09, 1.79). Also, a marginal association was found between the highest category of ABSI and depression (OR: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.00, 1.61). In the sex-stratified analysis, ABSI was positively related to odds of anxiety (OR: 1.58; 95%CI; 1.12, 2.22), depression (OR: 1.40; 95%CI; 1.07, 1.84), and psychological distress (OR: 1.51; 95%CI; 1.13, 2.01) among women, but not men. We failed to find any significant association between BRI and depression, anxiety and psychological distress.ConclusionWe found that ABSI was associated with anxiety, depression and psychological distress among females, but not males. However, we did not find a significant relation between BRI and the outcomes. Further prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.

Neurobiologically Based Stratification of Recent-Onset Depression and Psychosis: Identification of Two Distinct Transdiagnostic Phenotypes

BackgroundIdentifying neurobiologically based transdiagnostic categories of depression and psychosis may elucidate heterogeneity and provide better candidates for predictive modeling. We aimed to identify clusters across patients with recent-onset depression (ROD) and recent-onset psychosis (ROP) based on structural neuroimaging data. We hypothesized that these transdiagnostic clusters would identify patients with poor outcome and allow more accurate prediction of symptomatic remission than traditional diagnostic structures. MethodsHYDRA (Heterogeneity through Discriminant Analysis) was trained on whole-brain volumetric measures from 577 participants from the discovery sample of the multisite PRONIA study to identify neurobiologically driven clusters, which were then externally validated in the PRONIA replication sample (n = 404) and three datasets of chronic samples (Centre for Biomedical Research Excellence, n = 146; Mind Clinical Imaging Consortium, n = 202; Munich, n = 470). ResultsThe optimal clustering solution was two transdiagnostic clusters (cluster 1: n = 153, 67 ROP, 86 ROD; cluster 2: n = 149, 88 ROP, 61 ROD; adjusted Rand index = 0.618). The two clusters contained both patients with ROP and patients with ROD. One cluster had widespread gray matter volume deficits and more positive, negative, and functional deficits (impaired cluster), and one cluster revealed a more preserved neuroanatomical signature and more core depressive symptomatology (preserved cluster). The clustering solution was internally and externally validated and assessed for clinical utility in predicting 9-month symptomatic remission, outperforming traditional diagnostic structures. ConclusionsWe identified two transdiagnostic neuroanatomically informed clusters that are clinically and biologically distinct, challenging current diagnostic boundaries in recent-onset mental health disorders. These results may aid understanding of the etiology of poor outcome patients transdiagnostically and improve development of stratified treatments.

Depression in internal medicine inpatients at the time of hospital discharge and referral to primary care

Background and objectivesThis is the first multi-center study intended to document the prevalence, characteristics, and associations of depression in Medicine patients at the time of hospital discharge and their referral to Primary Care (PC). MethodsAdult patients randomly selected among consecutive admissions to Medicine wards in 8 hospitals in Spain, covering health districts, were examined in a two-phase 'case-finding' procedure. Standardized, Spanish versions of instruments were used, including the Standardized Polyvalent Psychiatric Interview (SPPI) and Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS). Cases of depression were diagnosed according to ICD-10 general hospital research criteria. ResultsThree hundred and twelve patients with treatable depression and 777 non-depressed controls were identified. In a conservative estimate, the global prevalence of major depression was 7.1%, dysthymia 4.2% and adjustment depression 7.1%, and 51.9% of cases were of moderate/ severe intensity. Depression was more frequent in women, the differences being significant in all categories of depression. The prevalence of depression was lower in individuals aged 85 or more years, the differences being significant in cases of both dysthymia and adjustment depression. A clear pattern of decreasing prevalence with age was observed in women. The depressed had as an average five medical systems affected, and higher CIRS scores compared with the controls, the differences being significant in cases of both major depression and dysthymia. ConclusionsThis is the first report showing a considerable prevalence of treatable cases of depression in Medicine patients at the time of hospital discharge and referral to PC. Depression is associated with the severity of the medical condition, and differences observed by age and sex have clinical implications. Paper read at the 3rd Annual Meeting of the European Association of Psychosomatic Medicine, Nuremberg 2015.

The Level of Depression and Anxiety among Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia

Caregivers of patients with mental health problems experience many emotional problems like depression, anxiety, anger, shame and guilt. Incorporating the role of care into pre-existing roles, along with the stigma associated with mental illness, creates psychological and financial stress for caregivers. This study aims at assessing the level of depression and anxiety among caregivers of schizophrenic patients. It was a cross-sectional study. Participants (n = 65) were approached in in-patient and out-patient units of private hospitals. Depression and Anxiety were assessed through Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and anxiety. Results were analyzed using SPSS. 24.6% of caregivers are in the moderate to the severe category while 38.5% of caregivers are in the mild category of anxiety on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. On Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, 61.5% of caregivers were in the moderate to severe category of depression. Caregivers of patients with severe mental illness experience high level of depression and anxiety. Appropriate interventions should be targeted to improve the psychological well-being of caregivers.

The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physiotherapists in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional online-based study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is currently a severe challenge for healthcare workers, with significant implications for their mental health. Physiotherapy is one of the healthcare professions on the frontline managing this pandemic and is directly exposed to the virus. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of this pandemic on the psychological health of physiotherapists in Sri Lanka.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among physiotherapists who were recruited from government and private hospitals via purposive sampling. Depression-anxiety-stress scale-21 was used to assess psychological health and was distributed online.Results: The sample comprised 48 participants (males=33.3%; females=66.7%; age=30.2±3.8 years). The rates with extremely severe, severe, moderate and mild stress were 4.8%, 33.3%, 35.7% and 16.7% respectively and 9.5% of them had no stress perceived. No physiotherapists were found in normal or mild anxiety and depression categories. Moderate, severe and extremely severe anxiety levels were found in 9.5%, 28.6% and 61.9% of physiotherapists respectively. There were 28.6% physiotherapists with extremely severe depression, 19.0% with severe depression and 52.4% with moderate depression. There was a positive correlation and a significant association of stress with depression (r=0.876, p&lt;0.001), stress with anxiety (r=0.780, p&lt;0.001) and anxiety with depression (r=0.752, p&lt;0.001). Stress, anxiety and depression had no significant associations with age and gender (p&gt;0.05). Fear of infecting family members was found as the main cause of stress (81%).Conclusions: Physiotherapists had elevated levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, highlighting the significance of systematically monitoring physiotherapists’ mental health and implementing supportive measures to improve their well-being during the crisis.

Medication Management of Anxiety and Depression by Primary Care Pediatrics Providers: A Retrospective Electronic Health Record Study.

ObjectivesTo describe medication management of children diagnosed with anxiety and/or depression by primary care providers within a primary care network.Study Design/MethodsWe performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of electronic health record (EHR) structured data from all children seen at least twice in a 4-year observation period within a network of primary care clinics in Northern California. For children who had visit diagnoses of anxiety, depression, anxiety+depression or symptoms characteristic of these conditions, we analyzed the rates and types of medications prescribed. A logistic regression model considered patient variables for the combined sample.ResultsOf all patients 6–18 years old (N = 59,484), 4.4% (n = 2,635) had a diagnosis of anxiety only, 2.4% (n = 1,433) depression only, and 1.2% (n = 737) both anxiety and depression (anxiety + depression); 18% of children with anxiety and/or depression had comorbid ADHD. A total of 15.0% with anxiety only (n = 357), 20.5% with depression only (n = 285), and 47.4% with anxiety+depression (n=343) were prescribed a psychoactive non-stimulant medication. For anxiety and depression only, the top three medications prescribed were sertraline, fluoxetine, and citalopram. For anxiety + depression, the top three medications prescribed were citalopram, sertraline, and escitalopram. Frequently prescribed medications also included benzodiazepines. Logistic regression modeling showed that the depression only and anxety + depression categories had increased likelihood of medication prescription. Older age and mental health comorbidities were independently associated with increased likelihood of medication prescription.ConclusionsIn this network, ~8% of children carried a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression. Medication choices generally aligned with current recommendations with the exception of use of benzodiazepines.

Methodological Considerations in Scale Refinement with Diverse Populations: A Case Example Using the CES-D with a Community Sample of American Indian Women

Although many psychometric assessments are used extensively in population-based research to determine psychopathology, these tools have not been thoroughly validated or appropriately adapted for use in diverse populations. Indeed, depression measurement studies among American Indian and female populations are scarce, omitting key opportunities to tailor psychological measurement for this population. To build psychometric evidence of measures in this population, we used a procedural method to examine a standard psychological instrument—the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)—with a community sample of southeast American Indian women. Our results showed strong psychometric reliability of the 20-item CES-D. The "effort" item presented diminished validity, as demonstrated by a negative counter-intuitive item-to-total correlation (ITC) value. Dropping the "effort" item resulted in a 19-item scale with a better fit in the within-group examination of community-based American Indian women. Compared to the 20-item CES-D scale, the revised 19-item measure ("effort" item removed) resulted in minimal changes to women’s depression categories. However, we did detect patterns in shifts such that the 19-item scale generally underestimated (i.e., placed women in a lower category) depressive symptoms compared to the 20-item scale. Depending on their study goals, researchers engaging in population-based research should carefully weigh the use of original scales that allow for consistency in reporting with refined scales that fit psychometrically. We present the outlined method as a tool that expands on current approaches in scale refinement, and aids researchers in making more informed decisions regarding refined scales with diverse populations.

Automatic Depression Level Detection through Visual Input

Depression is the most comprehensive mood ailment that has a notable influence on mental health as well as hindrances in daily life. Machine learning models have contributed to the field of emotion detection in all areas including audio, visual and internet-based text data. The idea directs at developing a machine learning based model utilising images and video as an input, to analyze the level of depression among users. Based on the analysed features the individual will be classified into either of the following depression categories: Minimal, Mild, Moderate, Severe. In the process of depression level detection, the two crucial components are video input and the Beck Depression Inventory II. The solution generates as a result of the correlation between emotion vector and inventory vector represented using visual graphics.

Depression status identification using autoencoder neural network

Depression is the leading mental illness/disorder around the world with global number reaching up to 300 million worldwide. This mental disorder is more prevalent in youngster of age group of 18–25 years especially in developing countries. Early diagnosis and treatment are required to this alarming problem specifically for an adolescent student suffering from these disorders who more often goes undiagnosed and hamper their progress at the critical movement of their life. The cheaper automatous system such as electrodermal (EDA) can help in with early diagnosis of depression disorder. In this paper, EDA based machine learning using autoencoder network (AEN) and deep neural networks (DNN) was developed for detecting level of depression among 38 university students. Developed AEN and DNN algorithm was able to classify five categories of depression with training of 96.5% and 94.5%, testing accuracy 95.2% and 94.2% while overall network accuracy was 94.0% and 92.0% with high sensitivity and specificity rate.

Long-term effects of childhood adversity on the subjective well-being of older adults in urban China: the mediating effect of elder abuse

Objectives Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have negative impacts on individuals’ subjective well-being (SWB) in later life. This article investigates the relationships between the ACEs and SWB of Chinese older adults and examines how elder abuse victimization mediates the pathways in these relationships. Method We used retrospective cross-sectional survey data collected in Beijing, China, in 2019. The study sample consists of 1002 older adults aged 65 years and over. The survey measured individual types, number, and various categories of ACEs of older adults and their elder abuse victimization experiences, along with their SWB (i.e. depression and life satisfaction). We tested the potential mediating role of elder abuse victimization in the relationships between ACEs and SWB. Results After controlling for socio-demographic factors and self-rated health, the results suggest a full mediating effect of elder abuse on the relationship between both several individual types and multiple categories of ACEs (i.e. childhood victimization, the family’s economic difficulties, and a family member’s episodes of illness) and depression, in addition to a partial mediating effect of elder abuse between number of ACEs and depression. A full mediating effect of elder abuse was found in regard to the relationship between a family’s economic difficulties and life satisfaction. Conclusion This study provides evidence for a long-term impact of ACEs on the SWB of older adults in China. In analyzing and understanding elder abuse victimization as a pathway linking ACEs and SWB, we stress the importance of the prevention of interpersonal violence across the life course. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2040427 .

Psychological Traits of Patients With Depression Comorbid With Chronic Pain: Are Complaint and Competitive Tendency Related to Pain?

BackgroundModern-Type Depression (MTD) is a category of depression that has been studied mainly in Japan; however, no study has attempted to determine its relation to chronic pain.AimTo determine possible associations between psychological traits related to MTD and the chronic pain of patients at psychiatric clinics.MethodTwo hundred and twenty-one first time patients who visited the psychiatric clinic at a Japanese university medical center or an associated clinic were enrolled. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to measure depressive symptoms. The 22-item Tarumi's Modern-Type Depression Trait Scale (TACS-22), Achievement Motive, and 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale were used to assess psychological traits related to depression and chronic pain. The clinical diagnosis of each patient was confirmed by use of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, administered by experienced specialists. The medians of the psychological traits identified were compared between patients with or without chronic pain. Analysis was also done of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).ResultOf the 221 patients, 139 had chronic pain. Patients with chronic pain had more severe depressive symptoms, Alexithymia, and high scores for the complaint trait of MTD. Seventy-three of the 221 patients met the criteria for MDD (53 had chronic pain). Patients with MDD comorbid with chronic pain had a higher competitive achievement score, severe depression, and difficulty identifying feelings.ConclusionComplaint and competitive traits were shown to be related to chronic pain in psychiatric settings. Further study will allow us to design multidimensional approach for patients suffering from depression.

High Levels of Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms Among Physical Therapists and Physical Therapist Students Are Associated With Musculoskeletal Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Depressive symptoms and musculoskeletal (MSK) pain are 2 of the most common health conditions. Their relationship, however, remains unclear. As depressive symptoms in physical therapists have not been well assessed, the purpose of this work was to assess self-reported depressive symptoms and MSK pain prevalence-and their possible association-in physical therapists and physical therapist students. An online cross-sectional survey was used to gather data from 707 physical therapists and 116 physical therapist students from Israel. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depressive symptoms, and the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of MSK pain. Overall, 108 participants (13.1%) scored in the moderate to severe depressive symptoms category (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score >10), and 261 participants (31.7%) scored in the mild depressive symptoms category. In total, 84 physical therapists (11.9%) and 24 physical therapist students (20.7%) reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms during the last 2weeks. Neck and back pain had the highest point prevalence (26.7%-35.3%) and lifetime prevalence (75.9%-78.5%), respectively. Mild depressive symptoms were associated with current pain (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.58) and smoking (adjusted OR = 1.79-1.84). Current pain was also associated with severe depressive symptoms (adjusted OR = 2.76-3.07). Physical therapists with higher salaries were less likely to report severe depressive symptoms (adjusted OR = 0.11-0.36). The prevalence estimates generated from this study sample imply that 11.9% of physical therapists and 20.7% of physical therapist students in Israel experienced moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Neck and back pain had the highest point and lifetime prevalence. The prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms in this sample places physical therapists and physical therapist students alongside physicians, nurses, and medical profession students who have been previously reported to have elevated depressive symptoms. Future studies should further explore the nature of the association between pain and depressive symptoms in these populations.

Validation of a DSM-5-based screening test using digital phenotyping in the Russian population

To evaluate the validity of a depression and anxiety screening test based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria to identify cases of these conditions simultaneously assessed with the validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in a population sample by digital phenotyping. This cross-validation study included 5.116 respondents (mean age 36.9 (9.8)), of which 49.4% (2526) were women. The depression and anxiety screening test was done in electronic form and based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. The validated HADS scale was used as a standard test. The categories of depression (HADS-D) and anxiety (HADS-A) phenotypes were formed with a cutoff of ≥8 points and ≥11 points. The main parameters of the validity of the screening test were calculated, including accuracy (Ac), sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp) with their 95% confidence intervals [CI]. The prevalence of current depression and anxiety according to the screening test was 7.8% (400) and 12.5% (639), respectively. The prevalence of lifetime depression was 25.9% (1327). For the HADS-D depression subscale with cut-offs of ≥11 and ≥8 points, the prevalence of depression was 3.4% (174) and 15% (766), respectively. For the HADS-A anxiety subscale with cut-offs of ≥11 and ≥8 points, the prevalence of anxiety was 8.9% (456) and 31.8% (1628), respectively. For HADS-D and HADS-A with a cutoff of ≥11 points, the parameters of current depression were Ac=92%, Sn=47% (CI 95% [39-54]), Sp=94% (CI 95% [93-94]), lifetime depression - Ac=75%, Sn=63% (CI 95% [56-70]), Sp=75% (CI 95% [74-77]) and current anxiety - Ac=88%, Sn=54% (CI 95% [50-59]) and Sp=92% (CI 95% [90-92]). For HADS-D and HADS-A with a cutoff of ≥8 points, the parameters of current depression were Ac=86%, Sn=30% (CI 95% [27-33]), Sp=96% (CI 95% [95-97]), lifetime depression - Ac=74%, Sn=51% (CI 95% [48-55]), Sp=75% 79% (CI 95% [77-80]) and current anxiety - Ac=75%, Sn=31% (CI 95% [29-33]), Sp=96% (95% CI [95-97]). The high Ac and Sp of this test allows it to be used for screening purposes to identify (but not exclude) cases of depression and anxiety in the population. However, further studies are needed to validate the screening test using a diagnostic interview with a physician.

Pengembangan Flipbook Keanekaragaman Serangga Permukaan Tanah

This study aims to determine the diversity of ground insects and develop a flipbook in Sumberharta Village, Musi Rawas Regency. The method used is VES (Visual Encounter Survey). The ecological index was analyzed using the Shannon Wiener formula. The data collection on the development of the ground surface insect flipbook in Sumberharta Village, Musi Rawas Regency, refers to the stages of development research according to Borg &amp; Gall. The results showed that the diversity of soil surface insects in Sumberharta village had an H value index of 1.036 and a uniformity of 0.154. The results of the flipbook development carried out by three validators and the practicality test of Biology Education students of STKIP-PGRI Lubuklinggau through small group trials of 20 people showed that the flipbook developed obtained a score of 88.2%. In conclusion, the diversity of soil surface insects in Sumberharta village is low, with the index value in the small and depressed category. The flipbook developed is very feasible and practical.&#x0D; Keywords: Development, Flipbook, Diversity

Pengaruh Self-compassion Therapy terhadap Tingkat Depresi Pasien Diabetes Melitus

People with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) have a higher risk of developing depression. To treat depression in patients with DM, non-pharmacological therapies such as self-compassion therapy are needed. The aims of research to determine effect self-compassion therapy to depression levels diabetes mellitus patients in Work Area of Puskesmas I Denpasar Barat on 2021. This research used the method pre-experimental with one-group pre-post test design. Sampling with non-probability sampling with purposive sampling. Respondents were 17 people. The research instrument used Beck Depression Inventory-II. The normality test uses Shapiro-Wilk test. Hypothesis testing using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The results showed that most respondents were in mild depression category 10 peoples (58.8%), the rest were moderate depression (41.2%) before being given self-compassion therapy. After treatment level of depression decreased, 3 people had moderate depression (17.6%), 9 people had mild depression (52.9%), and least 5 people not depression (29.4%). After analysis, p-value was obtained at Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 &lt;alpha (0.05). The conclusion was that there is an effect of self-compassion therapy to depression levels on diabetes mellitus patients in Work Area Puskesmas I Denpasar Barat on 2021, meaning reduce depression levels Therefore, it is hoped that self-compassion therapy can be applied to patients with DM who experience depression.