Definition Of Category Research Articles

Towards a unified definition of local food

Despite the growing popularity of local food, there is still no unified definition used across the board. The lack of unified definition of local food can prevent effective marketing, policymaking, and research efforts. Given the inconsistencies on local food definitions, we sought to fill this gap by surveying consumers’ understanding of local food in North Carolina (NC, USA) departing from three categories of definitions found in the literature; local food defined in terms of: (1) market outlet (e.g., food bought directly from the farmer); (2) locality or political boundaries (e.g., food produced within the country); and (3) distance (e.g., food produced within 100 miles of commercialization). Informed by our study results, we propose defining local food in terms of the specific locality where is produced (e.g., county or state) as opposed to defining local food in terms of distance or market outlet. While the meaning of local food will remain contested among activists, governmental entities, and researchers, this study confirms that a shared meaning among consumers is emerging that should be incorporated across policy making, marketing, and research efforts.

Multi-Modal Multi-Grained Embedding Learning for Generalized Zero-Shot Video Classification

Zero-shot learning aims to learn knowledge from existing information to classify new classes with no visual training data. In the current work on zero-shot video classification, only the category name information can be used for unseen classes. While, most of the category names cannot fully describe the entire video information, but are only precise labels assigned by humans to actions, in which the amount of information is very small. In order to make up for the semantic deficiencies of video databases and build relationships between categories, we propose a multi-modal generalized zero-shot video classification framework based on multi-grained semantic information with a proposed video description text database. Our model explores semantic knowledge from accurate but lacking informative category names and exhaustive but redundant description texts, and learns visual knowledge from semantic embeddings of varying granularity. Further, we use the learned semantic and visual knowledge to perform multi-grained classification on test video data with both seen and unseen classes. To describe actions in detail and provide complete semantic information, we propose a description text database. The textual descriptions, including category definitions and explanations, in our proposed textual database effectively help establish relationships between categories, thus providing a more reliable basis for visual feature synthesis. Furthermore, our framework generates synthesized features for unseen classes from both coarse-grained and fine-grained semantic information, which would effectively avoid the bias of generalized zero-shot learning on seen classes. Extensive experimental results on the database prove the validity of our method and the effectiveness of the description texts in generalized zero-shot video classification problems.

Conservación del pavimento flexible mediante el método PCI

The systematic review studied the effectiveness of flexible pavement preservation using the Pavement Condition Index method, the scientific literature of the last 05 years was analyzed through an exhaustive search in databases and those that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The objective of the research is to examine previous studies on the application of the PCI method in flexible pavement preservation programs to determine its effectiveness. An advanced search was carried out in databases such as Scopus and Web of Science in order to obtain a bibliometric record with background information to facilitate the research. The main focus was on articles that respond to the general question, present coherence, show the research objectives and have a methodology oriented to the central theme; As a result of the research, 19 articles were selected and entered in the search matrix and it was identified whether they met the relevance criteria such as the dimensions similar to the general topic. The review analyzed some limitations and areas for improvement in the application of the PCI method, these include the need to establish clear principles for the definition of the different categories of the index, as well as the standardization of the evaluation procedures, the importance of planning and continuous monitoring of the conservation measures to guarantee their long-term effectiveness was highlighted.

Biogenetic human rights: a new structural element in the system of the fourth generation of rights

The concept of human rights is a dynamic legal phenomenon. The main feature of all three generations of rights is that they are a powerful constitutional and moral-legal foundation for the development of the last fourth generation of rights. Traditionally, the fourth generation of rights includes somatic, reproductive and informational rights. The article substantiates the innovative idea of identifying an independent category of rights — biogenetic rights. The author for the first time in the scientific literature uses the term “biogenetic rights”, offers the definition and content of a new category of rights. The main conclusion of the study is that the generation of biogenetic rights should be aimed at protecting the human genome, genetic information, ensuring the biosecurity of a person, society, state and mankind.

Применение концепции категорийного менеджмента для совершенствования системы реализации товаров и услуг в сфере медицинских услуг

The article describes the practical applicability of the concept of category management to improve the management of goods and services. Through consideration of some category management tools (in particular, the distribution of categories by roles), the practical benefits of applying the concept of "category management" in the assortment policy of companies have revealed. The practical experience of applying the approach to the field of medical services has studied. A new approach to product categories has proposed – the transition from the traditional classification of services by medical specialty to a client-oriented approach. The new approach involves the transition from a professionally oriented classification using medical terms to the definition of categories according to the types of work performed for users of medical services. This approach is useful when planning marketing activities to attract customers, as it implies a transition to product categories that are understandable to the consumer.

The Essence of the Company’s Intellectual Holdings and their Evaluation Indicators

Intellectualization of the modern economy is an objective process, which is naturally predetermined by the new quality of the role and place of a man in the system of economic relations. The transformation of a human being into simultaneously an objective, a mean, and a condition of economic activity obliges us to characterize the processes of individual and social reproduction in a new way. The trends of modern economic development are reflected in such concepts as intellectual resources, intellectual capital of a company. At the moment, despite the abundance of literature, there is no single generally accepted approach to the definition and evaluation of these economic categories. The article presents the approaches of various authors to the interpretation of the term “intellectual capital”. As a result of this research, the author’s designation of the company’s intellectual resources – intellectual holdings, their structure and evaluation methods are proposed.

The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to Measure the Cognitive Status of Retired Teachers

The purpose of this study was to describe the cognitive status of teachers who are still actively teaching and who have retired. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The research site is SMP N 1 Bantul. Research respondents are teachers who are still teaching at SMP N 1 Bantul and who have retired from SMP N 1 Bantul. The technique of determining the sample using random. This research instrument uses the MMSE that has been provided. The result of this study is to have an overview of the distribution of teacher respondents based on cognitive status who are still actively teaching and have retired that the largest number is retired with the definitive category of cognitive impairment as many as 30 people (41%), the category of possible cognitive impairment as many as 19 people (26%) , and the normal category as many as 25 people (34%).

A review of the literature on the metaverse: definition, technologies, and user behaviors

PurposeAs a sociotechnical system, the metaverse has sparked heated discussion. However, concerns abound that the concept is “old wine in a new bottle” used for capital hype. The mixed definitions of the metaverse and unclear relationships between its technical features and user behaviors have greatly impeded its design and application. Therefore, the authors aim to sort out the metaverse definition and properties, analyze its technical features in various contexts and unveil the mechanisms leading to user behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct a literature review on the definition, technical features and user behaviors of/in the metaverse.FindingsFirst, the authors identify two main categories of the metaverse definition and find a mixed conceptualization. Second, the authors present technologies and technical features in the diverse contexts of the metaverse. Third, the authors summarize the effect of technical features on user behaviors from a sociotechnical perspective.Originality/valueThe authors analyze the definition, technical features, user behaviors of the metaverse and their theoretical foundations. Based on these findings, the authors propose a theoretical framework unveiling how social and technical elements affect user behaviors in the metaverse. In conclusion, the study offers a research agenda for future studies.

Serum anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA and prediction of duodenal villous atrophy in adults with suspected coeliac disease without IgA deficiency (Bi.A.CeD): a multicentre, prospective cohort study

Whether coeliac disease in adults can be diagnosed with serology alone remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of serum anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA) in the diagnosis of coeliac disease. In this multicentre, prospective cohort study, adult participants (aged ≥18 years) with suspected coeliac disease without IgA deficiency who were not on a gluten-free diet and who had a local serum tTG-IgA measurement, were enrolled from Feb 27, 2018, to Dec 24, 2020, by 14 tertiary referral centres (ten from Europe, two from Asia, one from Oceania, and one from South America) to undergo local endoscopic duodenal biopsy. Local serum tTG-IgA was measured with 14 different test brands and concentration expressed as a multiple of each test's upper limit of normal (ULN), and defined as positive when greater than 1 times the ULN. The main study outcome was the reliability of serum tests for the diagnosis of coeliac disease, as defined by duodenal villous atrophy (Marsh type 3 or Corazza-Villanacci grade B). Histology was evaluated by the local pathologist, with discordant cases (positive tTG-IgA without duodenal villous atrophy or negative tTG-IgA with duodenal villous atrophy) re-evaluated by a central pathologist. The reliability of serum tests for the prediction of duodenal villous atrophy was evaluated according to sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for categorical and continuous data. We enrolled 436 participants with complete local data on serum tTG-IgA and duodenal histology (296 [68%] women and 140 [32%] men; mean age 40 years [SD 15]). Positive serum tTG-IgA was detected in 363 (83%) participants and negative serum tTG-IgA in 73 (17%). Of the 363 participants with positive serum tTG-IgA, 341 had positive histology (true positives) and 22 had negative histology (false positives) after local review. Of the 73 participants with negative serum tTG-IgA, seven had positive histology (false negatives) and 66 had negative histology (true negatives) after local review. The positive predictive value was 93·9% (95% CI 89·2-98·6), the negative predictive value was 90·4% (85·5-95·3), sensitivity was 98·0% (95·3-100·0), and specificity was 75·0% (66·6-83·4). After central re-evaluation of duodenal histology in 29 discordant cases, there were 348 true positive cases, 15 false positive cases, 66 true negative cases, and seven false negative cases, resulting in a positive predictive value of 95·9% (92·0-99·8), a negative predictive value of 90·4% (85·5-95·3), a sensitivity of 98·0% (95·3-100·0), and a specificity of 81·5% (73·9-89·1). Either using the local or central definition of duodenal histology, the positive predictive value of local serum tTG-IgA increased when the serological threshold was defined at increasing multiples of the ULN (p<0·0001). The AUC for serum tTG-IgA for the prediction of duodenal villous atrophy was 0·87 (95% CI 0·81-0·92) when applying the categorical definition of serum tTG-IgA (positive [>1 × ULN] vs negative [≤1 × ULN]), and 0·93 (0·89-0·96) when applying the numerical definition of serum tTG-IgA (multiples of the ULN). Additional endoscopic findings included peptic gastritis (nine patients), autoimmune atrophic gastritis (three), reflux oesophagitis (31), gastric or duodenal ulcer (three), and Barrett's oesophagus (one). In the 1-year follow-up, a midgut ileum lymphoma was diagnosed in a woman on a gluten-free diet. Our data showed that biopsy could be reasonably avoided in the diagnosis of coeliac disease in adults with reliable suspicion of coeliac disease and high serum tTG-IgA. None.

Defining opioid naïve and implications for monitoring opioid use: A population-based study in Alberta, Canada.

Reducing initial exposure of "opioid naïve" patients to opioids is a public health priority. Identifying opioid naïve patients is difficult, as numerous definitions are used. The objective is to summarize current definitions and evaluate their impact on opioid naïve measures in Alberta. An exploratory data analysis of the literature was conducted over the last 10 years to identify definitions commonly used in the literature to define opioid naïve. Then, using these definitions as a guide, we descriptively report the proportion of patients in Alberta between 2017 and 2021 who would be considered as opioid naïve using these definitions and all opioid dispensing data. Three categories of definitions were broadly identified: (1) no opioid use within the previous 30 days/6 months/1 year, based on dispensation date; (2) no opioid use based on dispensation date plus days of supply; and, (3) exclusion of codeine from Definitions 1 and 2. Applying these definitions to the Alberta population showed a very wide range in the proportion who would be considered as opioid naïve. Overall, 36.4% of Albertans (n = 1 551 075) had an opioid dispensation in 2017-2021. The average age was 46.6 ± 18.8 and 52.8% were female. The proportion of opioid naïve were most affected by the "opioid free" period, with 97.4%, 83.2%, and 65.6% being classified as opioid naïve using time windows from Definition 1 (30 days, 6 months, 1 year of no prior opioid use). Definitions 2 and 3 did not materially change the results. Further extending the "opioid free" period to 2 years showed only 35% were opioid naïve. The most convenient definition for "opioid naïve" was the use of an "opioid free" period. The choice of window would depend on how the information may be used to assistant in clinical decisions with longer windows more likely to reflect true opioid naïve patients. Irrespective of definition used, a large proportion of opioid users would be considered opioid naïve in Alberta.

A Three-Year Analysis of Toxic Benzene Levels and Associated Impact in Ploieşti City, Romania.

This study examines the levels of benzene and the potential health impact during three years of continuous monitoring (2019-2021), including the COVID-lockdown period from 2020 in a city that is an important Romanian center for petroleum refining and associated product manufacturing. The dataset contains benzene, toluene, NOx, PM10 concentrations, and meteorological factors monitored by six automatic stations from the national network of which four are in the city and two outside. Special attention was given to the benzene dynamics to establish patterns related to the health impact and leukemia. An assessment of the exposure was performed using EPA's ExpoFIRST v. 2.0 for computing the inhalation Average Daily Dose (ADD) and Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD). The health impact was estimated based on several indicators such as lifetime cancer risk (LCR), Hazard Quotient (HQ), Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY), and Environmental burden of disease (EBD). Overall, the annual average of all stations was almost similar between years i.e., 3.46 in 2019, 3.41 in 2020, and 3.63 µg/m3 in 2021, respectively. The average of all stations during the lockdown period was 2.67 µg/m3, which was lower than the multiannual average of the 2019-2021 period, i.e., 3.5 µg/m3. Significant correlations were present between benzene and other pollutants such as NOx (r = 0.57), PM10 fraction (r = 0.70), and toluene (r = 0.69), and benzene and temperature (r = -0.46), humidity (r = 0.28), and wind speed (r = -0.34). Regarding the ADD, in all scenarios, the most affected age categories are small children, despite a lower outdoor exposure time. From birth to <70 years, the ADD varied depending on the exposure scenario resulting in 3.27 × 10-4, 5.6 × 10-4, and 4.04 × 104 mg/kg-day, and 3.95 × 10-4, 10.6 × 10-4, and 6.76 × 10-4 mg/kg-day for the LADD, respectively. The Integrated Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILTCR) values were 14.1 × 10-5 in winter, 9.04 × 10-5 in spring, 8.74 × 10-5 in summer, and 10.6 × 10-4 in autumn. The ILTCR annual averages were 1.08 × 10-4 (2019), 1.07 × 10-4 (2020), 1.04 × 10-4 (2021), and 1.06 × 10-4 for the entire period. The resulting ILTCR values point out very risky conditions, with the annual averages reaching the definite cancer risk category. The corresponding burden based on the DALY's loss due to leukemia in Ploieşti was estimated at 0.291 (2 μg/m3 benzene), 0.509 (3.5 μg/m3 benzene), 0.582 (4 μg/m3 benzene), and 0.873 DALYs per 100,000 inhabitants (6 μg/m3 benzene), respectively. The current study provides useful insights for a better understanding of the exposure levels to benzene and associated health impact in Ploieşti despite the limitations determined by the data hiatus and incomplete or missing information regarding the health impact.

Популяризация живописи средствами её технической воспроизводимости на примере репродукции

The aim of the article is to try to determine the modern role of reproduction of painting in popularization of art. The article for the first time considers the types and functions of painting reproductions in contemporary culture. The definitions of such categories as “enlightenment”, “popularization” are clarified, changes in the populariza-tion of painting related to infotainment, edutainment, museum and exhibition marketing are shown. The work reveals the specifics of perception of the reproduced image and the strategy of viewer's behavior. According to the authors, reproductions are only a signifier in relation to painting, which does not prevent them from influ-encing the perception of originals, changing the meanings and values invested by the author in the original. The work examines the peculiarities of mechanisms of communicative, memorial, aesthetic, cognitive, moral-educational and other functions in relation to reproductions. It also demonstrates the influence of contexts on the perception of reproductions.

Responding to the imprecisions of social enterprise identity: considering the role of participatory governance

PurposeThis study aims to understand the importance of participatory governance in the identity of social enterprises (SEs). To this end, this paper provides a framework by means of the value co-creation process and by drawing from the service-dominant logic perspective and the stakeholder theory. An explanation is also provided regarding the opportunity to include fundamental issues in defining SE collective identity, such as those related to an organisation’s participatory nature of involving the stakeholders affected by its activities, the exercise of democratic decision-making and its autonomy from the state and market.Design/methodology/approachOn the statistical exploitation of a large international data set, the authors approach the conceptualisation of SEs by providing an index to measure their social, economic and governance characteristics, thereby enabling these enterprises to be categorised into different groups.FindingsThis study found that the inclusion of the governance dimension in the research incorporates the greatest variability between the various models of SE, thereby justifying participatory governance as the raison d’être of the two fundamental schools in SE, namely, Anglo-Saxon and European.Practical implicationsThis research offers a tool to policymakers to be used as a criterion of classification and hierarchical organisation for public procurement. It enables the various organisations to be ordered and takes social and cultural influence into consideration. This tool would be highly useful as a support of social entrepreneurship from the public environment, especially at the local level.Originality/valueThis study justifies the value of incorporating participatory governance as a distinctive dimension for the definition of categories of SEs. Furthermore, an index to craft taxonomies of SEs is developed based on social, economic and governance indicators, which provides a framework that facilitates the empirical research of the SE.

Enforcement of decisions in Ukraine: prospects for the development of the legal institute

Background: This legal analysis examines the current legislation in the field of legal regulation of some institutes of enforcement of decisions and draft l aws. It demonstrates modern trends in the development of legislation in this sphere and addresses problematic aspects related to the legal regulation of consolidated enforcement proceedings and legal regulation of the specifics of appeals against decisions, actions, or inaction of executors. The declared aim is to form a sustainable justice system in Ukraine, which fosters a peaceful and open society, ensures access to justice for all and creates effective, accountable institutions with broad participation on all levels. Scientific approaches to solving these problems are highlighted. Methods: To achieve the research goals , general scientific and unique methods of scientific research were applied, such as comparative-legal and semantic-structural methods, prognostic method and grouping, analysis, synthesis, and generalisation.Results and Conclusions: Two key problematic aspects of the legal regulation of consolidated enforcement proceedings are the lack of a definition of the term ‘consolidated enforcement proceedings’ in it and the absence of a defined mechanism for the transfer of enforcement proceedings, which complicates their application in practice. It has been concluded that the gaps in the legislation should be addressed at the legislative level and not remain subject to judicial lawmaking, as the judicial practice is unstable. Moreover, it should be in accordance with the requirements of European institutions in the sphere of enforcement proceedings, according to which national legislation should contain a clear definition of the conditions for enforcement and the statutory enforcement provisions should be set out clearly, avoiding the possibility of misinterpretation. A legal analysis of draft laws in the institute of consolidated enforcement proceedings was carried out. It has been established that the shortcomings of the legal regulation of the institute of consolidated enforcement proceedings, which remain unresolved, are the lack of a legislative definition of the legal category ‘consolidated enforcement proceedings’ , as well as the lack of clear, legal certainty regarding the procedure for the transfer of enforcement proceedings against a single debtor, opened by the state enforcement officer and private executors or only private executors. Considering the performed legal analysis, a definition of ‘ consolidated enforcement proceeding’ is proposed. A discrepancy has been identified between the Law of Ukraine ‘On Enforcement Proceedings’ and the procedural codes regarding determining the list of subjects entitled to appeal and the appropriate court for filing such an appeal . It has been proven that such legal uncertainty provokes complications in realising the interested person’s right to an effective means of legal protection. A legal analysis of draft laws, regarding the improvement of the institution of appeals against decisions, actions or inaction of executors, was carried out. It was noted that these draft laws intend to eliminate several significant shortcomings of legislation in this area, as well as at the prospective introduction of the institution of pre-trial dispute settlement in this category of cases. However, they also contain some debatable issues, as well as unresolved defects of legislation in the field of enforcement of decisions regarding the legal uncertainty of issues of judicial jurisdiction surrounding appeals against decisions, actions or inaction of executors in consolidated enforcement proceedings. Considering the legal analysis carried out, a specific vision for the elimination of conflicts between special and procedural legislation regarding the regulation of the features of appealing decisions, actions or inaction of executors is proposed.

ПРИНЦИПИ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО АДМІНІСТРАТИВНОГО СУДОЧИНСТВА

The article examines the principles of European administrative justice in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights, the recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and other international legal acts on the protection of human rights and freedoms. The methodological basis is the dialectical method of cognition. Given the complexity of the research subject, systematic logical, historical, sociological, linguistic, comparative and other research methods used. The principles of: effective legal protection, independence of the court and courts are characterized; fair trial; equality of procedural opportunities; disclosure of materials, competitive hearing; public announcement of a court decision, hearings in the process (right to be heard); public hearing; mandatory execution of a court decision. It noted that the principles of European administrative justice establish the regularities of the process of resolving public legal disputes in the field of public administration. European principles in the field of administrative proceedings defined as principles contained in acts of different legal nature in the field of justice, protection of human rights and freedoms. The principle of effective legal protection is fundamental in the system of principles of administrative proceedings, as it intended to ensure rights and freedoms in the process of resolving disputes in the sphere of public administration. The principles of European administrative justice are a systemic entity, interconnected and complementary. The legal system is a multidimensional phenomenon from the standpoint of both structure and functional orientation, development of internal and external relations. Because of this, it needs an adequate conceptual and categorical definition. In this regard, the situation in the theory of law is unsatisfactory. This is a structured organization of legal norms, united based on the subject, method and principles of legal regulation in the field of administrative proceedings for the effective regulation of social relations in public administration.

Optimal labor market management under constraints in the form of a finite-dimensional system of nonlinear differential equations integrated by quadratures

The paper separates a class of finite-dimensional systems of nonlinear differential equations, the exact analytical solution of which can be represented in the form of quadratures. The paper uses a particular case of the system of the separated class as a set of equality constraints for the problem of optimal management of a closed finite-dimensional labor market with a common selection coefficient - the management parameter for the system under study. The paper specifies the definitions of the qualification categories for labor market subjects, with allowance for the physical meaning of their behavior in the system under study. It introduces quality factors for meeting the demand for labor, which are the averaged difference between the remuneration of labor and proceeds of the activities of subjects at each of the three qualification categories. It introduces a quality function in respect of the management of the labor market system, which is a sum of the products of the functions of the shares owned by the subjects at each of the three qualification categories by their quality coefficients. It considers labor markets with different ratios of quality factors. The case where the quality factor of subjects of a low qualification category is higher than that of a high qualification category has been shown to contradict the physical meaning of the model. Quality function vs management parameter curves are plotted for each labor market system under study. The paper gives examples of real-life labor markets for every physically admissible ratio of quality factors. The optimal management of the labor market system is shown to not necessarily imply that the management parameter tends to its extreme values. The paper plots a management quality function for a real-life labor market with a city-forming enterprise exemplified by the labor market of the village of Sylva, the Perm Territory, and determines the optimal values of management parameters.

Research on Scholarship System in Universities Based on AHP-EWM Combined Empowerment Method

It is crucial to scientifically evaluate students' excellence and to study the motivating effect of scholarships on students. In this paper, we develop a merit-based scholarship system that focuses on students' overall ability and is tailored to individual students. Firstly, the data in the annexes are pre-processed to eliminate the unqualified data and quantify the definite category data in them, and then a three-level evaluation index system is established to determine the overall performance of students, including 4 secondary indicators and 11 tertiary indicators. The weight of each tertiary indicator to the secondary indicators is determined by the entropy weighting method, and then the weight of the secondary indicators to the primary indicators is determined by the AHP-EWM combined weighting method, and finally the TOPSIS method is used to quantify and rank the students' comprehensive performance, and the scholarship is divided into school-level first, second and third grades, and the students with the top grades are selected for the award.

Adult didactics – component of andragogy: peculiarities and basic categories

At the stage of rapid development of science and market of educational services for adults, a relatively new direction in education was formed - andragogy (pedagogy of adults).In the present time, andragogy occupies a place in the structure of education sciences as an independent category, possessing at the same time its own scientific apparatus, research methods, scientific approaches and principles. In this article, an attempt was made to substantiate the definition of basic concepts and categories of adult teaching: subject, tasks, functions. Special attention is paid to the principles of adult learning: priority of independent education, reliance on personal experience, individualization of learning, contextuality of learning, reliance on individual needs, considering them as motives and sources of designing the outcomes of education. At the same time, adult learning is considered within the framework of the following characteristics: andragogic self-reflexivity, decentralization of andragogic approach, deconstruction/reconstruction of andragogic theory, contextualization of adult learning and education.

Freedom of speech in the context of desecrating the Qur’an with an emphasis on international law

Freedom of speech has different scientific, logical and international definitions and it is one of the main foundations of human rights. On the international level, the question of human rights and freedom of speech is mentioned in different documents from which common indicators may be identified such as the unrestricting through restrictions, and unrestrictedness not even in the case of insulting and useless speech as long as it does not cross the allowable boundaries of freedom, etc. However, some limitations are emphasized in international documents when it comes to freedom, such as the explicitness of law in the prohibition of actions by which the rights and freedoms of others are endangered. In discussion of the recent desecration of the sanctity of Muslims in Europe and the repetition of those actions, exactly this question is used as a basis for the non-confrontation with the burning of the Qur’an and the repetition of that action. That happens despite the fact that it is logical that freedom of speech cannot lead to insults and the bringing of harm to others. Excluding the rational, religious and ethical observations in judging the desecration of the sacred, especially of a great religion such as Islam, which can lead to the prompting of hatred, encouragement to violence and discrimination, in international documents every type of action which leads to prompting, discrimination, animosity and violence is forbidden, but on the other hand, the practice of some European countries to forbid the question of burning the Qur’an can become grounds for canonical systems of other countries to proclaim the prohibition of this act. As a result of that, in the canonical sense and in the voluminous form it is proclaimed and accepted that if the application of the laws of freedom of speech function as a threat to the general good and common interests, it is the duty of countries to intervene and to act so that they may limit these foundational rights. With this in mind, the principle of support of “the common good” and “universal ethics” are the interests which may be used to limiting the freedoms of speech and human rights. It cannot be the case, that while expressing worry out of the indefinity of the category of limiting the freedom of speech which bends towards dictatorship and repression, that the definitive category of human consciousness and logical ethic is to be ignored, as well as that the duty of respect towards the convictions of others and the respect of humanity to be disregarded. Key words: human rights, freedom of speech, universal ethics, the burning of the Qur’an, international law and the covenant of human rights.

ENSURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTITIES OF THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FORMATION OF AN INCLUSIVE ECONOMY

In the context of ensuring the development of the national economy and its subjects, as a single economic system in the modern conditions of its functioning, the definitions of such economic categories as: "inclusive development", "inclusive development of the agro-food sector", "the structure of subjects of the national economy", "subjects of the agricultural sector".&#x0D; It has been proven that the influence of economic crises and globalization processes on the development and effective functioning of the national economy, the formation of the activities of its economic subjects (industries, enterprises, their associations, etc.) can both contribute to their development and have a negative impact and the cessation of activity. The system of inclusive development of the agro-food sector has been studied - macro-, meso- and micro-contours, which make it possible to distribute the contributions and roles of the participants in the process of creation and implementation of the finished product, works, services, as well as the purpose of its creation.&#x0D; In order to ensure the efficiency of functioning, competitiveness and development of subjects of the agro-food industry of Ukraine, the aspects of their economic transformation in modern conditions are considered. It is proved that the main goal of such economic transformation is to increase the efficiency of the activities of enterprises or their associations, and the peculiarity of the development of approaches to the management of industrial entities in the conditions of transformation is determined by the goals and objectives of such a transformation process.&#x0D; A persistent economic transformation (private) is proposed for subjects of the agro-food industry, which can be structured depending on the level of its occurrence and the goals of its implementation (macro-, meso-, mini-, nano-levels) and is considered by us as soft, moderate or hard transformation of the subjects' own activity based on the analysis of the persistence of their activity and criterion evaluation.