Category Of Barriers Research Articles

The nature of the administrative barrier as management decisions

In modern economic conditions, due to restrictions on foreign economic activity and sanctions pressure, it is strategically important to improve the quality and efficiency of management decisions in the field of business activities. Excessive legal regulation, unreasonable requirements, bureaucratization of the processes of interaction between the state and business lead to the emergence of administrative barriers to the implementation of entrepreneurial activities. Despite the fact that the category of administrative barriers is actively used in legislation, a large number of studies have been devoted to the scientific literature, however, the legal nature and content of this concept remains unstudied. The work provides the author’s definition of an administrative barrier, distinguishes this concept from “barriers of economic policy”, “state-political barriers”, “legal barriers” represented by defects in legal regulation, “organizational and institutional barriers”. The complex nature of the institution of administrative barriers is shown, which includes economic, legal and social components.

Health belief model approach in reducing worm infections in elementerary school in North Aceh, Indonesia

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/xwXNgnCdD_g Introduction: The prevalence of worm infections in Indonesia is still relatively high, about 2.5% - 62%, depending on geographical conditions, education, economics, environmental sanitation and community hygiene. Elementary school students have an increased risk of worm infections due to personal hygiene and environmental factors which cause high levels of worm infections in students. Implementing the health belief model (HBM) will be a model for identifying public understanding regarding preventive and promotive efforts to reduce the risk of worm infections. This study aims to determine the application of the HBM for reducing worm infections in elementary school students in Lapang sub-district in North Aceh. Method: This type of research is a purposive sampling with a cross sectional design. A number of 120 respondents are from elementary school in Lapang sub-district, HBM was measured by using a questionnaire. Worm infection was determined from the results of fecal examination using the direct slide method. Results: The results found that 45.8% students experienced worm infections, majority's perception of susceptibility to worm infections (67,3%), perception of seriousness (65,5%), and perception of benefits (65,5%) were in low category but perception of barriers was in high category (58,2%). HBM Assessment Analysis on perceived vulnerability shows a p-value of 0.020, perceived seriousness shows 0.034, perceived obstacles show 0.021, and perceived benefits shows 0.022. The four HBM concept assessments have a value of p<0.05. Conclusion: The results concluded that the Ho meaning was accepted which there was a relationship between HBM and the reduction of worm infections.

Challenges of Smart Cities: Methods of Prioritization

Smart city development has gotten considerable recognition in systematic literature and international policies throughout the world. The study aims to identify the key barriers to smart cities from the review of existing literature and the views of experts in this area. This work further made an attempt on the prioritization of barriers to recognize the most important barrier category and ranking of specific barriers within the categories to the development of smart cities in India. Through the existing literature, this work explored 31 barriers to smart cities development and divided them into six categories. This research work employed the fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique to prioritize the selected barriers. Findings reveal that ‘Governance’ is documented as the most significant category of barriers to smart city development followed by ‘Economic; ‘Technology’; ‘Social’; ‘Environmental’ and ‘Legal and Ethical’. In this work, author also performed sensitivity analysis to show how robust is the findings of study. This research is useful to the government and policymakers for eradicating the potential interferences in smart city development initiatives in developing country like India.

A multi-criteria evaluation and stationary analysis of value management implementation barriers for sustainable residential building projects

Over the past 20 years, value management (VM) has become a well-established technique, while in underdeveloped countries; informal methods are used for VM-related activities. This study aims to examine the barriers to VM deployment. These barriers are categorized into environment and culture, workshop dynamics, knowledge and stakeholders and standardization. A review of prior research is conducted to identify these barriers, which are further categorized through a semi-structured interview. The significance of these barriers is determined through 335 structured surveys with building specialists. The four categories of barriers are then assessed using fuzzy synthetic evaluation and weighted aggregated sum product assessment—technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution methods. In addition, a stationary method is used to evaluate the incorporation of VM barriers into residential projects. According to the findings, the most significant category of barriers that hinder the widespread use of VM is knowledge and stakeholders. Among these categories, the most influential barriers that constrain the VM implementation are workshop decision-maker participation issues. This research provides a roadmap for effective VM adoption in developing countries by helping stakeholders in the residential building industry understand VM barriers and leverage them to enhance the value of their projects.

Exploring the barriers and motivators of value co-creation through a theoretical lens of service-dominant logic

PurposeThis study aims to identify and categorize the barriers and motivators to value co-creation and to establish its theoretical link with the five axioms of value co-creation.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a qualitative approach based on a bibliographic literature review for identifying barriers and motivators of value co-creation. Subsequently, this study grouped those barriers and motivators into three categories. It further linked those barriers and motivators with five axioms of value co-creation using the grounded theory.FindingsResults based on the categorization of barriers show that the first category “organization and system-related barriers” is associated with Axioms 1, 2 and 5 of the service-dominant logic. The second category “customer-oriented barriers” is associated with Axioms 2, 4 and 5. The third category of barriers “social environmental and economic barriers” is related to only Axiom 3. Results based on the motivators show that the first category “organization and system-related motivators” is associated with Axioms 2 and 4. The second category of “customer-oriented motivators” is associated with Axioms 1, 2, 3 and 5. The third category of motivators “social environmental and economic motivators” is related to Axioms 3 and 5.Practical implicationsThese results provide insights to managers for eradicating barriers from the value co-creation process by emphasizing strategic intrusion into those axioms that contain a high percentage of barriers. Similarly, it also provides insights to managers for expediting motivators of value co-creation by strategic intrusion based on the axioms that contain a high percentage of motivators. Overall, this study will serve for greater value co-creation by eradicating barriers and promoting motivators. This study also provides a theoretical foundation for future studies intended to establish a theoretical connection between the barriers and motivators with value co-creation in other industries.Originality/valueThis study is novel in terms of identifying barriers and motivators of value creation by categorizing those identified barriers and motivators into three sub-categories. This study is the first one for linking barriers and motivators with five axioms of value creation for a micro-level policy formulation.

Intersectional Discrimination in European Labour Markets in the Voices of TCN Women

Despite migration being a universal and secular phenomenon, recent studies and latest statistics show that unemployment among third-country nationals aged between 15 and 64 years old is generally higher than the rate among the overall population (76% among newcomers). Within this context, the current study aims to find out common patterns concerning the barriers that Third Country National (TCN) Women face in the host labour market and facilitating factors they used to cross them. The current research is supported by a qualitative methodology, based on 74 interviews to women from nine European countries and the analysis of 11 success stories. The interviewees have a very heterogeneous sociodemographic profile, concerning age, country of origin, host country and educational background. Despite some TCN women being employed, most are currently unemployed or in precarious condition. Our study proposes a four-fold categorisation of barriers faced by TCN women: i) cultural and linguistic; ii) diplomas; iii) support system; iv) discrimination. The lack of language skills was mentioned by almost all the women interviewed because free or easily affordable courses are limited.The second category of barriers entails the complexity of recognising academic qualifications and working experience from their home countries. The lack of a supporting system has impact in different dimensions of social and professional inclusion. The last category represents a large number of dimensions, related to an intersectional discrimination based on gender, race and religion. Regarding the facilitating factors that 11 women with integration success stories shared, we would highlight: i) the role and importance of Social and Solidarity migrant organisations as a support for TCN women; ii) the recognition the added-value of TCN women skills, such as being proficient in several foreign languages; iii) the empowerment of success stories reported by the storyteller herself and by other women in a similar situation; iv) the resilience to not give up, despite a considerable amount of obstacles.

Analysing the adoption barriers of low-carbon operations: A step forward for achieving net-zero emissions

In November 2021, the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) was held in Glasgow, UK, the global leaders from nearly 200 countries stressed taking immediate action on the climate issue and how to ensure global net-zero emissions by 2030. It is possible to accelerate the transition to low-carbon energy systems, the present study seeks to identify and analyse key barriers to Low Carbon Operations (LCO) in emerging economies. A critical literature review was undertaken to recognise the barriers linked to the adoption of LCO. To validate these barriers, an empirical study with a dataset of 127 respondents from the Indian automobile industry was conducted. The validated barriers were analysed using Best Worst Method (BWM) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) techniques. BWM is used to determine the priority ranking of barriers, while the DEMATEL method is employed to elucidate the cause-effect inter-relationships among the listed barriers. The results suggest that ‘Economic’ is the most influential category of barriers followed by ‘Infrastructure’ and ‘Operational’. The results also show that the barriers ‘Economic’, ‘Environmental’, ‘Infrastructure’ and ‘Organizational Governance’ belong to the cause group. Some significant managerial implications are recommended to overcome these barriers and to assist firms in the successful adoption of LCO and achieving net-zero emissions. The work was carried out in the automotive industry in India but provides findings that may have wider applicability in other developing countries and beyond.

Analysing the Barriers for Implementation of Lean-led Sustainable Manufacturing and Potential of Blockchain Technology to Overcome these Barriers: A Conceptual Framework

Micro- Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are very significant for a country’s economy due to their contribution to manufacturing, sales and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. The global market competition and standards have been compelling MSMEs to improve quality, reduce waste, improve environmental performance and optimize the cost of products by implementing sustainable practices. The combined approach of lean and sustainable practices can help MSMEs to minimize emissions from waste and manufacture low-cost products with energy-efficient technology. However, MSMEs face many challenges while implementing lean and sustainability tools. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to identify the barriers which create obstruction in the implementation of lean-led sustainable manufacturing practices in Indian MSMEs and prioritize them by calculating their weights. The study also proposes a framework for the integration of blockchain technology in the supply chain to overcome the barriers for the implementation of lean and sustainable manufacturing practices. Extensive literature reviews and experts’ opinions have been used to identify the critical barriers for the implementation of lean-led sustainable manufacturing practices in manufacturing firms. A total of forty barriers were selected and further categorized under seven main categories of barriers. The main category barriers and subcategory barriers are ranked based on the weight obtained through Best Worst Method (BWM). The ranking results are further analysed to assess the reliability and robustness using sensitivity analysis. The study reveals that economic and managerial barriers, knowledge and awareness barriers and organizational barriers are the most prominent category of barriers for lean and sustainable manufacturing. The study found that ‘Lack of awareness among customers towards sustainability’, ‘initial capital investment and low financial profit’, ‘lack of knowledge about potential benefits from sustainable products and practices’ and ‘resistance to change due to past failure’ are the most critical barriers for implementation of lean-led sustainable practices in Indian MSMEs. The study has analysed the features of blockchain technology and their effect on the performance of lean-led sustainable supply chain. The findings of the study will help managers and practitioners in Indian MSMEs from certain perspectives to develop an effective and efficient strategy to overcome these barriers and become sustainable. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners.

Transgender gender-affirming surgery consultation among patients seeking care in the Midwestern United States.

Gender-affirming surgery (GAS) is among the most rapidly growing and expanding subfields in plastic surgery due to increased awareness, decreased stigma, rising demand, and improved access for transgender and gender non-conforming individuals (TGNC). In order to address potential barriers and facilitators in GAS education and training, there is a need to explore the experiences of TGNC individuals. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore the factors that influence TGNC patient experiences in surgical consultation for GAS. Targeted recruitment was used to recruit and enroll participants who identified as TGNC and who had undergone consultation with a surgeon to discuss GAS. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore patient experiences with GAS. Recorded audio from these interviews was later transcribed verbatim. Open coding of these transcripts was then performed independently by 3 individual members of the research team using the consensual qualitative coding methods. Fifteen interviews were conducted (transmale, n = 7; transfemale, n = 4; gender non-conforming/non-binary, n = 4). Participants frequently expressed worry and frustration over insurance coverage and exorbitant out-of-pocket expense, whether actual or perceived. Logistical barriers were the most frequently cited category of barriers. The majority of participants made at least 1 reference to relying on others during the process of insurance pre-authorization. The majority of participants described their interactions with surgeons as positive, indicating that they felt comfortable during consultation and that their surgeons ensured their understanding. Our findings provide important insight into this often stressful and challenging process. Ensuring a welcoming, safe, and gender-affirming environment and experience for these individuals is essential. These findings may help to guide future education for medical students, trainees, clinic staff, and surgeons, as well as to direct changes necessary to improve the patient experience in clinics and hospitals for TGNC individuals undergoing consultation for GAS.

Sustainable rural waste management using biogas technology: An analytical hierarchy process decision framework.

Biomass is present in ample amounts in rural areas, mainly in agriculture residue and animal wastes. Biogas can be produced from rural solid waste, providing affordable clean energy for rural households and a prominent solution to solid waste management. Despite having several benefits of using biogas, the contribution of biogas in rural areas is not as much as expected. Several technical and non-technical barriers are accountable for the slow rate of biogas technology adoption in rural households. Nineteen barriers to household biogas plant adoption in four dimensions of technical, economic, market, and awareness are identified and ranked with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in the perspective of rural India. The outcome of the barrier dimension reveals that the economic dimension gets the highest weight of (0.350), followed by the market with a weight of (0.322). At the same time, high installation cost with a weight of (0.141) dominates in the category of barriers, followed by competition from freely available fuel with a weight of 0.105). The gap in capital cost and capital subsidy, lack of paying capacity, and lack of easy credit have positioned respectively third, fourth, and fifth in the overall ranking of barriers with weights of (0.094), (0.084), and (0.08). This paper may contribute significantly to creating greater awareness, evaluating numerous barriers, and adopting biogas technology in India more effectively and efficiently.

Evaluation of symmetries and asymmetries on barriers to sustainable housing in developing countries

For effective policy development and implementation for sustainable housing, the perspectives of professionals (i.e., suppliers of housing facilities and services) and households (i.e., consumers thereof) must be assessed concurrently. However, with sparse studies examining both the supply and demand-sides of sustainable housing development simultaneously, policymakers are plagued with unbalanced information. Consequently, eclectic and specific policies cannot be formulated for implementation. This study presents a concurrent evaluation of sustainability challenges from both perspectives towards identifying symmetries and asymmetries on sustainable housing barriers. Four categorizations of barriers were developed from extant literature, viz: ‘economic’, ‘social’, ‘environmental’ and ‘institutional’ barriers. Primary data was gathered using a structured questionnaire that was distributed via a non-probability purposive sampling technique to both professionals working in formal/regulated institutions of the Ghanaian housing market and household occupants. A test of significant difference on underlying barriers was conducted using Mann-Whitney U test. The fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) technique was also employed for dealing with subjectivity in responses attributed to differences in respondents' aim, motivation and experience for an objective evaluation of a multivariate factor (i.e., category of barriers). The study's findings revealed significant differences among some underlying barriers rated by the two respondent groups. Likewise, there were significant differences supported at p < 0.05 at a Z-value of −2.24 and p < 0.05 at a Z-value of −1.48 on the social and environmental categories of barriers, respectively. Practically, results on the test of significant difference are indicative of barriers that require all-inclusive and specific policies. Moreover, the FSE indices provide allocative purpose by directing resources from policymakers towards more critical barriers for sustainable housing.

A Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis of barriers to the use of biomass in the district heating system

The use of biomass as a form of renewable energy source in order to provide district heating is a very important issue. This paper analyzes the barriers to the use of biomass in district heating in the city Bor located in Eastern Serbia. The subject of this paper is of a complex nature and requires the use of a multi-criteria decision-making method. The aim is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the internal factors in a heating company and external factors that influence the introduction of biomass and define the most important challenges in the use of renewable energy sources for the need of district heating. Based on the reviewed literature and interviews with the representatives of the heating company, 5 categories of barriers and 22 sub-categories in them are identified. A Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) multi-criteria decision-making method is used to prioritize the barriers. According to the results of the prioritization, the most important barrier category to switching from the use of coal to the use of biomass is technical barrier, followed by economic category of barriers.

A step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis of barriers to the use of biomass in the district heating system

The use of biomass as a form of renewable energy source in order to provide district heating is a very important issue. This paper analyses the barriers of using biomass for district heating in the city Bor located in Eastern Serbia. The subject of this paper is of a complex nature and requires the use of a multi-criteria decision-making method. The aim is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the internal factors in a heating company, external factors that influence the introduction of biomass, and define the most important challenges in the use of renewable energy sources. Based on the reviewed literature and interviews with the representatives of the heating company, five categories of barriers and 22 sub-categories are identified. A step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) multi-criteria decision-making method is used to prioritise the barriers. According to the results of the prioritisation, the most important barrier category of switching from the use of coal to the use of biomass is technical barrier, followed by economic category of barriers.

The Attitude of Healthcare Services Management Students towards Self-Directed Learning

Background: Due to the many developments in the field of science and knowledge, self-directed learning can play a key role in lifelong learning and empowerment as a very important skill. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the attitude of healthcare services management students of Zabol University of Medical Sciences towards self-directed learning in 2019. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 62 students of health care management major were selected using the census method. A standard questionnaire was used in this study. Data were analyzed using appropriate descriptive and inferential tests. Results: The most frequent elements were "lack of influence from the teacher" (3.24 ± 0.935) in the category of perception of self-direct learning, "higher arousal power than the traditional method" (2.65 ± 0.791) in the category of how to effect learning, "quizzes and tests" (2.73 ± 0.961) in the category of barriers and "good lecture" (3.02 ± 1.000) in the category of motivational factors. Conclusion: From the students' point of view, Individual characteristics played an important role in determining self-directed learning efficiency and lack of knowledge was one of the major obstacles.

222 OLDER ADULT INPATIENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE TRAINING IN A SPECIALIST GERIATRIC REHABILITATION SETTING

Abstract Background Progressive resistance training (PRT) has the potential to reduce age-related disability and has been proven to benefit the older adult in a variety of ways. PRT is prescribed routinely by physiotherapists for frail older adults in an inpatient setting. To date little is known of their experiences engaging in PRT. This study aimed to explore older adult inpatients’ perceptions and experience of PRT as part of their overall physiotherapy program in a Specialised Geriatric Rehabilitation Unit. Methods The study had a qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews explored experiences and perceptions of PRT along with motivators and barriers to participation. Interviews were face to face and conducted in the unit. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. 11 frail older inpatients with orthogeriatric (n = 5), neurological (n = 2), general surgical (n = 2) and general medical (n = 2) diagnoses were interviewed. Results The study identified three overarching themes: Acceptability, Facilitators and Barriers. In the category of Acceptability participants identified the subthemes: (1) PRT is challenging, (2) PRT is Rewarding and (3) PRT is Enjoyable. In the category of Facilitators, the following subthemes emerged: (4) Positive outcomes as motivators and (5) Supervision is necessary for engagement. In the category of Barriers, (6) Low self-efficacy beliefs and (7) the Negative effects of PRT, such as pain and fatigue affected participation. Conclusion Frail older inpatients find PRT to be an acceptable form of exercise. It is perceived to be challenging, but rewarding and enjoyable for most. Participants were motivated to participate in PRT by the positive outcomes (improved strength, general health, function, independence, confidence) they experienced. They felt supervision from professionals with medical expertise was essential to participation; and had low self-efficacy beliefs surrounding independent practice; fearing falling and causing harm. Pain and fatigue also impacted participation.

Mobile Health Technology and Healthcare Providers: Systemic Barriers to Adoption.

ObjectivesDespite the growing use of mobile health (mHealth), certain barriers seem to be hindering the use of mHealth applications in healthcare. This article presents a systematic review of the literature on barriers associated with mHealth reported by healthcare professionals.MethodsThis systematic review was carried out to identify studies published from January 2015 to December 2019 by searching four electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar). Studies were included if they reported perceived barriers to the adoption of mHealth from healthcare providers’ perspectives. Content analysis and categorization of barriers were performed based on a focus group discussion that explored researchers’ knowledge and experiences.ResultsAmong the 273 papers retrieved through the search strategy, 18 works were selected and 18 barriers were identified. The relevant barriers were categorized into three main groups: technical, individual, and healthcare system. Security and privacy concerns from the category of technical barriers, knowledge and limited literacy from the category of individual barriers, and economic and financial factors from the category of healthcare system barriers were chosen as three of the most important challenges related to the adoption of mHealth described in the included publications.ConclusionsmHealth adoption is a complex and multi-dimensional process that is widely implemented to increase access to healthcare services. However, it is influenced by various factors and barriers. Understanding the barriers to adoption of mHealth applications among providers, and engaging them in the adoption process will be important for the successful deployment of these applications.

Analysis of barriers intensity for investment in big data analytics for sustainable manufacturing operations in post-COVID-19 pandemic era

PurposeThe study presents various barriers to adopt big data analytics (BDA) for sustainable manufacturing operations (SMOs) post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemics. In this study, 17 barriers are identified through extensive literature review and experts’ opinions for investing in BDA implementation. A questionnaire-based survey is conducted to collect responses from experts. The identified barriers are grouped into three categories with the help of factor analysis. These are organizational barriers, data management barriers and human barriers. For the quantification of barriers, the graph theory matrix approach (GTMA) is applied.Design/methodology/approachThe study presents various barriers to adopt BDA for the SMOs post-COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, 17 barriers are identified through extensive literature review and experts’ opinions for investing in BDA implementation. A questionnaire-based survey is conducted to collect responses from experts. The identified barriers are grouped into three categories with the help of factor analysis. These are organizational barriers, data management barriers and human barriers. For the quantification of barriers, the GTMA is applied.FindingsThe study identifies barriers to investment in BDA implementation. It categorizes the barriers based on factor analysis and computes the intensity for each category of a barrier for BDA investment for SMOs. It is observed that the organizational barriers have the highest intensity whereas the human barriers have the smallest intensity.Practical implicationsThis study may help organizations to take strategic decisions for investing in BDA applications for achieving one of the sustainable development goals. Organizations should prioritize their efforts first to counter the barriers under the category of organizational barriers followed by barriers in data management and human barriers.Originality/valueThe novelty of this paper is that barriers to BDA investment for SMOs in the context of Indian manufacturing organizations have been analyzed. The findings of the study will assist the professionals and practitioners in formulating policies based on the actual nature and intensity of the barriers.

Qualitative Analysis of Corona Effects on the Environment

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the semantic system of ecotourism resort owners about the effects of Coronavirus on the environment and nature to show how they understand, interpret and evaluate this phenomenon and its consequences. 12 owners of ecotourism resorts in Mazandaran province participated in this study. After discovering the basic concepts and major categories in the axial coding stage, the process of connecting the categories was done based on their properties. The environmental effects of Coronavirus as a core category, major categories under the headings of consumption, environmental attitudes, barriers, and solutions/strategies were revealed as major categories. Food consumption (packaged and home-made), consumption of hygienic chemicals, consumption of natural sources (water, energy) under the category of consumption, attitudes towards littering, biodiversity conservation, environmental pollution under the category of attitudes towards the environment, legal, individual and structural barriers were placed under the category of barriers to pro-environmental behaviors and creating opportunities for support, increasing environmental awareness and attracting public participation under the category of solutions/strategies. According to the respondents, the emergence of Coronavirus has increased littering in nature and due to its social fear, the volume of new waste (masks and gloves) has increased; however, the positive effects such as biodiversity conservation and reduction of air pollutants due to reduced traffic would be transient and temporary.

Key Barriers to the Adoption of Biomass Gasification in Burkina Faso

The industrial sector in Burkina Faso faces two significant energy challenges access to efficient energy sources that are also renewable. Pyrolysis and gasification are emerging as conversion pathways that exploit available agricultural and industrial biomass. Pyrolysis has been adopted successfully, whereas gasification failed without getting beyond the experimental stage. This article assesses potential barriers to the adoption of gasification based on interviews with the stakeholders of the energy sector (users, NGOs, policy makers). We use pyrolysis as a benchmark to point out the barriers to adoption. The hierarchical analysis process (AHP) method was applied to identify the most significant barriers to the adoption of gasification. Twenty-seven barriers were identified and prioritized in two dimensions and five categories “technical”, “economic and financial”, “socio-cultural and organizational”, “political, governmental and institutional”, and “ecological and geographical” barriers. The category of socio-cultural and organizational barriers emerged as the most critical in the adoption of gasification. This category deserves special consideration to go past the pilot installation stage and adopting this technology.

Barriers in the Application Process for Oncological Rehabilitation: Results of a Qualitative Expert Survey

In this study, which was funded by the German Federal Pension Fund (DRV), barriers in the application process for oncological rehabilitation services were examined from the perspective of various expert groups. In an exploratory multicentre qualitative cross-sectional study 61 semi-structured interviews with experts working in oncological care were conducted: Physicians (n=26), social workers (n=22), psychologists/psycho-oncologists (n=6), nurses/medical assistants (n=5), administrative staff of the DRV (n=2). In guided interviews the participants were asked about their experiences with rehabilitation applications as well as their estimations and evaluations regarding possible reasons for non-utilisation. The evaluation of the interviews was computerized and based on the qualitative content analysis by Mayring. The respondents had an average age of 52.51 years (SD=10.06; min=25, max=71) and were working in the consultation or treatment of oncological patients for an average of 19.26 years (SD=10.15; min=1, max=42). In total, 854 statements were coded and assigned to the following three main categories: expert-related, system-related and patient-related barriers. In the first main category, scepticism about the benefits of rehabilitation services and an insufficiently met need for information on the part of experts became the focus of attention. In the main category of system-related barriers, aspects were mentioned that addressed the application procedure, the low availability of, for example, outpatient rehabilitation services and the absence of a functioning referral system. The main category of patient-related barriers included psychosocial factors such as subcategories on the topic of coping with the disease which include the patient's desire to come home, experience everyday life again and the fear of being confronted with the disease. The exploratory study revealed potential barriers in the application process for oncological rehabilitation services from an expert perspective. In particular, the findings form the basis for a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that can be used to analyze the barriers in a standardised way and to derive individual recommendations for action.