Age Group Category Research Articles

Trends in Childhood Behavioral, Mental, and Developmental Problems (2019–2022) Using the National Survey of Children’s Health

Background: This study examines nationwide prevalence of US childhood behavioral, mental, and developmental problems in the 6–11 age group category between 2019 and 2022, and several key metrics related to caregiver social determinants of health. Methods: We used NSCH data for 6–11-year-old children for the years 2019–2022. Summary statistics for the selected sample were generated and binary logistic regressions were conducted for each severity level binary variable for each study year with caregiver mental or emotional health as a covariate. Results: Our study found significant associations between severe childhood anxiety and “fair” or “poor” caregiver rankings of mental and emotional health for both the 2020 and 2022 survey years. Our study also found that caregiver mental and emotional health may play a role in childhood ADD and ADHD prevalence rates as caregivers who ranked their mental health as “fair” or “good” had significantly higher odds of having a child with severe ADD or ADHD than caregivers who reported “excellent” mental and emotional health. Conclusion: These findings support prospects of an increase in the need for developmental health services, thus necessitating efforts towards effective allocation and focus of developmental treatment programs tailored to children and pediatric population groups.

Attitude and Practice towards Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention among Female Sex Workers in Kicukiro District, Rwanda

This study aimed to assess the attitude, and Practice of female sex workers towards Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV prevention in the Kicukiro district, Rwanda. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design, using a probability sampling method, and the Yamane formula was used to calculate the sample size of 300 female sex workers including a 10% non-response rate. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire, at 10 health centers. Analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS software, with chi-square tests and logistic regression for inferential analysis. The ethical clearance was acquired from the Mount Kenya University ethics committee and the Young Women Christian Association Rwanda. The study findings showed that (60%) of female sex workers have a positive attitude towards PrEP, and 60.4% of respondents were using PrEP. Demographic factors like age group, marital status, and Ubudehe category were significantly associated with practices. Female sex workers aged between 25 and 29 had 4 times more chance to have good practices. This study provides insights into improving PrEP education and interventions targeting female sex workers and other key populations. These findings highlighted the concerns about stigma and privacy, and the need for public health interventions that target it in the community.

Exploring Chemists’ Understandings of the Nature of Science with their Levels of Expertise

Several Nature of Science (NOS) studies have been conducted on different categories of professionals and different age groups. Even though NOS is considered a structural facet of scientific literacy, not much research has been conducted on the NOS ideas of scientists and science professionals. This cross-sectional study investigated the nature of science (NOS) views of 40 participants who have or had exposure to chemistry research using a qualitative comparative analysis approach, in one chemistry department in a large Midwest R-1 university. The participants' chemistry research exposure varied from no research to 31 years of experience. Undergraduates, graduate students, postgraduate researchers, faculty, and scientists were recruited for this study to examine how their NOS understanding develops in relationship to their research exposure. These categories of participants demonstrated different and unique patterns of answers related to aspects of NOS. Science content knowledge and research exposure indeed enhanced science learners'/researchers’ NOS understanding, but NOS understanding is not developed in direct proportion to the amount of science content knowledge or research experience that an individual gained. It was observed that professionals with the same expertise level responded to NOS questions similarly, and professionals with different levels of expertise answered NOS questions in significantly different ways.

From BpTRU to OMRON: The impact of changing automated blood pressure measurement devices on adult population estimates of blood pressure and hypertension.

In Cycle 7 (2022), the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) introduced the OMRON (OM) IntelliSense HEM-907XL blood pressure (BP) monitor after using the BpTRU (BT) BPM-300 BP monitor for six cycles. This study assessed differences between adult BP values measured by both devices and whether equations could be developed to compare BP measurements taken using the two devices. In Cycle 6 (2018 to 2019) of the CHMS, BP was measured using BT and OM devices. Between-device estimates of systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and hypertension prevalence were compared for 1,072 adults aged 18 to 79 years. Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and the use of antihypertensive medication were examined in linear regression models to predict SBP and DBP values measured with OM based on those measured with BT. Average SBP measured with OM was 6 millimetres of mercury (mmHg) higher than average SBP measured with BT, and average DBP measured with OM was 2 mmHg lower than DBP measured with BT. Hypertension prevalence based on OM readings was 35.4%, compared with 34.0% based on BT readings. Between-device BP differences varied in magnitude by sex, age group, and BMI category. Average model-predicted estimates of BP were comparable to measured estimates, but predicted values were lower at higher levels of BP. Switching BP monitors will substantively affect population estimates of adult SBP and DBP but may have less impact on estimates of adult hypertension prevalence. The prediction equations proposed in this study can be applied to adult BP data from cycles 1 to 6 of the CHMS for comparison with BP measurements taken in Cycle 7, with some caveats. The impact of changing to the OM monitor in Cycle 7 should be acknowledged when reporting estimates of adult BP based on the CHMS.

Exploring the association of social connections and food security among adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: a population-based study

BackgroundPrimary health care professionals are held accountable for various quality measures in the treatment of patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes. Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains a considerable health problem; thus, further studying patients with this condition is important for delivering effective interventions. Social determinants of health (SDoH) have been shown to affect various aspects of diabetes care in different subpopulations. We studied the association of SDoH with uncontrolled T2D in a population of adult primary care patients.MethodsWe retrospectively searched our electronic health record for adult patients (≥18 years) with a diagnosis of T2D and a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 8% or higher. Patients were empaneled to 2 primary care clinic sites between January 1, 2021, and January 31, 2022. Patients were grouped by HbA1c level to stratify patients according to the extent of uncontrolled T2D. Patient characteristics were compared among groups. Unadjusted and adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds of various SDoH factors among patient groups with different levels of uncontrolled T2D.ResultsThe study cohort included 1,596 patients. Most patients were White (79%), and the median age was 58.8 years. The median HbA1c level was 8.9%, and approximately 68% of patients were obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥30). When the study population was grouped by HbA1c level (8% to < 9% [n = 806], ≥9% to < 12% [n = 684], and ≥12% [n = 106]), significant differences among groups were observed in age group (P < .001), marital status (P < .001), race (P < .001), ethnicity (P = .001), and BMI category (P = .01). In groups with higher HbA1c levels, we noticed a higher percentage of patients who were aged 51 to 65 years or single. Among patients with uncontrolled HbA1c levels, more patients were obese than overweight. Patients in the intermediate HbA1c group had increased odds of food insecurity and some decreased social connections, even after adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and marital status.ConclusionsAmong patients with uncontrolled T2D, higher HbA1c levels were associated with decreased social connections and increased food insecurity. Our findings provide insight into the role of these SDoH in managing T2D and have important implications for primary care practice.

Hip and shoulder flexibility in novice rhythmic gymnasts and age-matched controls: Inter-limb asymmetry

Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport of asymmetry and lateral preferences, so the main objective of this study was to examine and compare hip and shoulder range of motion (ROM) and inter-limb asymmetry in 44 rhythmic gymnasts (RGs) and 51 age-matched non-athletes (NAs), i.e. controls. The baseline characteristics of 95 female participants, divided into two age-group categories (U8: 6–8 years, N=36; U11: 8–11 years, N=59) were established, as well as their hip (right/left hip flexion, right/left hip extension, right/left hip abduction, in °) and shoulder ROM (right/left shoulder flexion, right/left shoulder extension, in °), and asymmetry index (ASI, in %) was calculated. Significant differences between RGs and NAs were established (the exception is hip and shoulder extension in U8s, p&gt;0.05), with greater ROM values recorded in RGs. Significant age differences were recorded among RGs in hip flexion and left hip abduction (p&lt;0.05), in favor of U11s, and within NAs only in the case of right hip flexion (p=0.017), but in favor of U8s. The presence of asymmetries (ASI&gt;15%), as well as its absence, is established in both RGs and NAs, but statistically significant side-to-side differences were recorded in U8 NAs (shoulder flexion, p=0.044) and U11 NAs (shoulder extension, p=0.057).

Association between PM10\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$PM_{10}$$\\end{document} and respiratory diseases admission in peninsula Malaysia during haze

Numerous studies have been conducted in other countries on the health effects of exposure to particulate matter with a diameter of 10 microns or less PM10\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$PM_{10}$$\\end{document}, but little research has been conducted in Malaysia, particularly during the haze season. This study intends to investigate how exposure of PM10\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$PM_{10}$$\\end{document} influenced hospital admissions for respiratory diseases during the haze period in peninsula Malaysia and it was further stratified by age group, gender and respiratory diseases categories. The study includes data from all patients with respiratory diseases in 92 government hospitals, as well as PM10\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$PM_{10}$$\\end{document} concentration and meteorological data from 92 monitoring stations in Peninsula Malaysia starting from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2019. A quasi-poison time series regression with distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was employed in this study to examine the relationship between exposure of PM10\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$PM_{10}$$\\end{document} and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases during the haze period. Haze period for this study has been defined from June to September each year. According to the findings of this study, PM10\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$PM_{10}$$\\end{document} was positively associated with hospitalisation of respiratory disease within 30 lag days under various lag patterns, with lag 25 showing the strongest association (RR = 1.001742, CI 1.001029,1.002456). Using median as a reference, it was discovered that females were more likely than males to be hospitalized for PM10\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$PM_{10}$$\\end{document} exposure. Working age group will be the most affected by the increase in PM10\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$PM_{10}$$\\end{document} exposure with a significant cumulative RR from lag 010 to lag 030. The study found that PM10\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$PM_{10}$$\\end{document} had a significant influence on respiratory hospitalisation in peninsula Malaysia, particularly for lung diseases caused by external agents(CD5). Therefore, it is important to implement effective intervention measures to control PM10\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$PM_{10}$$\\end{document} and reduce the burden of respiratory disease admissions.

Physical performance and game demands in beach volleyball

The physical-conditional aspects of the game are a significant research area, focusing on game demands, strength, and kinematic features. This study aimed to synthesise the current state of the art regarding beach volleyball's physical demands. This systematic literature review was conducted in March 2024, following the PRISMA criteria and methodological quality scales. The databases consulted were SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Scopus. Data concerning study design, sample size, gender, age-group category, player role, and performance level were considered. The risk of bias was assessed using the 12-item MINORS methodological index scale. A total of 19 studies were included, considering male (6), female (9) or both genders (4) as a sample. According to the athletes’ level of performance, 25% of the studies assessed players at the developmental or national level, 50% explored the international context, and the remaining 25% were with elite players. Data regarding game demands, mechanical outcomes related to jump and power, kinematic variables concerning distance covered and running speed, and kinetic measurements for acceleration and deceleration actions are displayed. The data provided by the current review allow a precise comparison, addressing specific performance profiles and future research challenges from the lack of knowledge about this topic.

The Semantic Roles as Hidden Messages in Advertisement Texts

Advertising has been analyzed by scholars presenting various branches of science: semiotics, stylistics, marketing, and, of course, text linguistics. Unlike other texts, advertisements have a target audience and correspondingly perform specific functions. The aim of any advertisement text is to make the reader/listener of the advertisement potential customers, buyers, or clients. The authors have chosen the object-matter of their research texts advertising cosmetics. The application of the theory of semantic cases or roles proposed by Charles Fillmore with the purpose of specifying their functions, helps visualize the target audience. The analysis of the semantic cases in advertisement texts shows a connection between the type of the semantic case, age group and price category of the cosmetic products. These semantic cases can be considered as signals of addressee-orientation; in our case the addressee are people belonging to different age group.

The impact of age on mortality in the intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study in Malaysia.

Age is a significant consideration for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. However, the reported associations between increasing age and mortality vary across studies, and data in the local context of Malaysia are lacking. The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of increasing age on ICU mortality. A retrospective cohort study of ICU patients was conducted between January 2020 and November 2023 at a university hospital in Malaysia. Patients were classified into two categories according to age (years) and into four groups according to National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): young adult (19-24), adult (25-44), middle age (45-64), and elderly (≥65). The Cochran-Armitage test for trend and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of increasing age on ICU mortality. A total of 1,661 patients was analyzed. The Cochran-Armitage test showed a significant positive association between ICU mortality rate and age group (Z=-4.86, P<0.01) or MeSH category (Z=-5.36, P<0.01). After adjusting for other confounders, the strongest predictor for ICU mortality in the Cox proportional hazards regression analyses was age, with the elderly age group having the highest adjusted hazard ratio of 4.777 (95% CI, 1.128-20.231; P=0.03). Age had a significant impact on ICU mortality in our cohort of critically ill patients.

Prevalence of Osteosarcopenic Adiposity in Apparently Healthy Adults and Appraisal of Age, Sex, and Ethnic Differences.

Osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome, the coexistence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and adiposity (either excess or redistributed/infiltrated), has been studied globally in different populations and regions (mostly in East Asia, less in Europe and North America), resulting in varied prevalence. We aimed to determine the prevalence of OSA in a large population of apparently healthy Caucasian adults (18-90 years) and to compare it with the prevalence reported in other studies and other ethnicities. This study included 9719 participants (6412 women and 3307 men), stratified into four age-group categories, and recruited from the general medical practices in Italy. OSA was defined based on body composition measurements using bioelectrical impedance BIA-ACC®, which enables assessment of total bone mass, muscle/lean, and adipose tissues. The overall prevalence of OSA was 21.9% in women and 14.0% in men, and it significantly increased in every subsequent age group for both women and men (p < 0.001). The OSA prevalence was not significantly different between men and women below 40 years; however, it was considerably higher in women over 40 years. Participants with OSA had a significantly lower BMI compared to those without OSA, indicating OSA is a separate disorder not necessarily related to physiological fluctuations of BMI. The prevalence in Asian populations was lower than in our sample, indicating ethnic specificity. The relatively high prevalence of OSA detected in this study's population across the age groups suggests the necessity for its appropriate and timely identification to prevent possible clinical outcomes, including fracture, dismobility, frailty, or chronic diseases.

Pediatric Lipid Screening Prevalence Using Nationwide Electronic Medical Records

Universal screening to identify unfavorable lipid levels is recommended for US children aged 9 to 11 years and adolescents aged 17 to 21 years (hereafter, young adults); however, screening benefits in these individuals have been questioned. Current use of lipid screening and prevalence of elevated lipid measurements among US youths is not well understood. To investigate the prevalence of ambulatory pediatric lipid screening and elevated or abnormal lipid measurements among US screened youths by patient characteristic and test type. This cross-sectional study used data from the IQVIA Ambulatory Electronic Medical Record database and included youths aged 9 to 21 years with 1 or more valid measurement of height and weight during the observation period (2018-2021). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and categorized using standard pediatric BMI percentiles (9-19 years) and adult BMI categories (≥20 years). The data were analyzed from October 6, 2022, to January 18, 2023. Lipid measurements were defined as abnormal if 1 or more of the following test results was identified: total cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥130 mg/dL), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥31 mg/dL), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥145 mg/dL), and triglycerides (≥100 mg/dL for children aged 9 years or ≥130 mg/dL for patients aged 10-21 years). After adjustment for age group, sex, race and ethnicity, and BMI category, adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs were calculated. Among 3 226 002 youths (23.9% aged 9-11 years, 34.8% aged 12-16 years, and 41.3% aged 17-21 years; 1 723 292 females [53.4%]; 60.0% White patients, 9.5% Black patients, and 2.4% Asian patients), 11.3% had 1 or more documented lipid screening tests. The frequency of lipid screening increased by age group (9-11 years, 9.0%; 12-16 years, 11.1%; 17-21 years, 12.9%) and BMI category (range, 9.2% [healthy weight] to 21.9% [severe obesity]). Among those screened, 30.2% had abnormal lipid levels. Compared with youths with a healthy weight, prevalence of an abnormal result was higher among those with overweight (aPR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.56-1.61), moderate obesity (aPR, 2.16; 95% CI, 2.14-2.19), and severe obesity (aPR, 2.53; 95% CI, 2.50-2.57). In this cross-sectional study of prevalence of lipid screening among US youths aged 9 to 21 years, approximately 1 in 10 were screened. Among them, abnormal lipid levels were identified in 1 in 3 youths overall and 1 in 2 youths with severe obesity. Health care professionals should consider implementing lipid screening among children aged 9 to 11 years, young adults aged 17 to 21 years, and all youths at high cardiovascular risk.

ŽENSKA ORODNA TELOVADBA V BRAZILIJI: NJENE POTI OD 1966 DO 2021

Brazilian men’s and women’s Artistic Gymnastics (AG) has been in the spotlight due to the results of some outstanding athletes in the most important international competitions over the last 20 years. However, the development of this sport in the national context does not reflect these achievements. This article performs a critical analysis of Women’s Artistic Gymnastics (WAG) in Brazil, reviewing the trajectory of the main gymnasts and their achievements in the World Championships and Olympic Games from 1966 to 2021, as well as relevant contextual facts during this historical period. Medals in major events have been won since 2001, with gradual and unstable growth, placing Brazil among the most prominent countries. Nevertheless, the data suggest that the achievements were based on concentrated investment in elite gymnasts, mainly in the Olympic team, with the support of already established clubs. The development is still centralized in a few clubs, without showing a sustainable increase in the number of clubs and gymnasts. In this scenario, there is a need for a long-term plan that can sustain the development of the national ecosystem (clubs, local competitions, provincial federations) across all age-group categories and in connection with the national teams..

Sociodemographic features, serum urea, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio in chronic kidney disease patients – A record based retrospective study

Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive reduction in renal function. It is a condition where the kidneys lose their normal function, especially excretory and regulatory functions. Urea and creatinine are good indicators of a normal functioning kidney and an increase in the serum indicates kidney dysfunction. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine are widely accepted and the most common parameters to assess renal functions. The present study was done to assess the serum urea, creatinine levels, and BUN-creatinine ratio (BCR) in CKD subjects. Material and Methods: It was a record-based retrospective study. Data were obtained from the Medical Records Department. The patients diagnosed with CKD in August 2023 were extracted from the records. Details such as hospital ID, age, gender, and blood parameters such as serum urea, creatinine levels, and BCR were obtained. Categorical data were summarized as frequency (percentage). Results: It was found that the number of male patients was 24 (75.4%) and the number of female patients was 14 (24.6%). The majority of patients belonging to the age group category of 50–75 were 42 in number (73.6%). Abnormal creatinine values were found in 54 patients (94.7%). Conclusion: The present study found that male gender and age group 50–75 years were most commonly affected with CKD. The serum creatinine level was found to be predominately abnormal compared to the serum urea level and BCR.

Micro-analysis of earnings and its determinants in eastern cape province of South Africa

Earnings disparities in South Africa, and specifically the Eastern Cape region are influenced by a complex interplay of historical, socio-economic, and demographic factors. Despite significant progress since the end of apartheid, persistent disparities in earnings continue to raise questions about the effectiveness of policies aimed at reducing inequality and promoting equitable social system. Individual-level dataset from the 2021 South African general household survey were subjected to exploratory analysis, while Heckman selection model was used to investigate the determinants of earnings disparities in the study area. The results showed that majority of the population are not working for a wage, commission or salary, which also pointed to the gravity of unemployment situation in the area of study. Most of the working population (both male and female) are lowest earners (R ≤ 10,000), and this also cuts across all age-group categories. Majority of working population have no formal education, are drop out, or have less than grade-12 certificate, and very few working populations with higher education status were found in the moderate and relatively high earnings categories. While many of the working population are engaged in the informal sector, those in the formal sector are in the lowest earners group. Compared to any other race, the Black African group constituted the majority of non-wage earners, and most in this group were found in the lowest earners group. Some of the working population who were beneficiaries of social grants and medical aids scheme were found in the lowest, low, and moderate earnings categories. The findings significantly isolated the earnings-effect of age, marital status, gender, race, education, geographic indicators, employment sector, and index of health conditions and disabilities. The study recommends interventions addressing racial, gender, and geographic wage gaps, while also emphasizing the importance of equitable access to education, health infrastructure, and skills development.

Refining the 30-day emergency department visit after initial chemotherapy administration A-PROACCT model.

e23253 Background: This study attempted to address limitations in the A-PROACCT model developed by Stein et al. (JOP, 2023) to predict the rate of acute care events within 30 days (ACE30) of initial chemotherapy administration (ICA). The four most important predictors were drug category (immunotherapy), cancer type (gastrointestinal), age group ( &lt; 40), and BMI category (underweight). Only linear relationships were considered. For patients for whom an ACE30 was predicted by their first and second models, only 0.18 and 0.23 actually had an ACE30, a low positive predictive value (PPV). We attempted to improve the PPV with advanced modeling techniques. Methods: Using Orlando Health data between February of 2012 and April 2021, random sampling was used to split the dataset into training (10,838) and validation (4645). For the training data, resampling was employed to obtain a balanced quota, equal observations followed by an ACE30 and not followed by an ACE30. We included only variables used in Stein (drug category, age group, ED visits and hospitalizations in the prior year, cancer type, insurance category, number of anti-cancer agents, race, and BMI category). Logistic regression with L1-penalty, XGBoost (a non-linear nonparametric tree-based algorithm to account for nonlinear relationships), and artificial neural networks were used to develop and evaluate predictive models. Different sampling methods (bootstrap and SMOTE) as well as cuff-off thresholds for high-risk groups were tested. Results: Based on evaluation with validation data set, the best performing approach was an XGBoost model with SMOTE resampling in the training data. The four most important predictors were ED visits in the prior year, payor category (self-insured), cancer type (genitourinary) and hospitalization in past year. This model reported a PPV of 0.27. Many other combinations of methodologies described above were performed, and the PPV varied between 0.19 to 0.27. Of the 282 ICAs identified as high-risk by the best model, 76 (27.0%) had an ACE30. Of the 4346 ICAs identified as low-risk, 533 (12.3%) had an ACE30. The differences between high risk and low risk ACE30 rates were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.0001). In comparison, using Stein et al. models with our data reported a PPV of 0.27 and 0.25 which are basically at the same level of our best trained model. Conclusions: Using the variables included in A-PROACCT and a variety of machine learning models, advanced sampling methodologies and threshold cut-off limits, the best results were similar to those obtained using basic logistic regression. This suggests improvement in predicting acute care events following chemotherapy administration need to incorporate more extensive multimodal data, such as vital signs, performance status, patient reported outcomes, socioeconomic factors, laboratory and radiology results, remote patient monitoring and wearable device data.

IJCM_172A: Risk Scoring of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coverage of Screening Services through Primary Health Care System among Adults in a Block of Murshidabad District, West Bengal

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a major public health challenge. Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS), a simple and cost-effective tool consisting of two modifiable (waist circumference, physical activity) and two non-modifiable risk factors (age, parental history) for diabetes, can be easily applied in mass screening programmes. Opportunistic screening for diabetes among individuals aged = 30 years is being done under the programme for Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases. Objective: To assess the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus using IDRS, coverage of screening services for diabetes through the primary health care delivery system and to identify their correlates. Methodology: : A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a block of Murshidabad district, West Bengal during September to November 2023 among permanent residents aged = 30 years on a calculated sample of 300 selected through multi-stage sampling. Required data were collected by interviewing the study subjects using pre-designed, pre-tested schedule including IDRS, reviewing medical records and measuring waist circumference. Analysis was done using SPSS-20. Results: Among 300 participants, 40.7% had high risk; 54% and 5.3% had moderate and low risk of diabetes respectively according to IDRS. In multivariable analysis, age =35 years (AOR 18.10, 95% CI 5.07-64.66), female gender (AOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.40-4.00) and being in joint family (AOR 3.53, 95% CI 1.77-7.04) were significant correlates for high-risk category according to IDRS. Only 67% were screened for diabetes within last six months, of which 89% were through primary health care delivery system. Screening status varied significantly by age group (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.98-7.35) and IDRS risk categories (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.06-2.80). Conclusion: Alarmingly substantial proportion of people in the area are at high/moderate risk of diabetes coupled with low opportunistic screening coverage, which highlights the need for intensive behaviour change communication and stronger service delivery.

Analysis of total cholesterol levels in public infrastructure and facilities officers (petugas PSU) in Kelurahan Rawa Buaya Jakarta Barat

Background: The basic need for food must be fulfilled by humans as a fulfillment of energy sources in carrying out activities. Consumption of fat macromolecules has the highest energy compared to other macromolecules. However, excessive consumption of fat can also increase cholesterol in the blood. Public Infrastructure and Facilities Officers (PPSU) do a lot of outdoor work so it is possible to have unhealthy eating habits such as frequently consuming fatty foods. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine qualitatively the distribution of total cholesterol levels in PPSU in Rawa Buaya Village. This research is descriptive-analytic. Materials and Methods: The research sample was obtained using a purposive sampling technique with inclusion and exclusion criteria involving 67 respondents. Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents were male, with 65 respondents (97%). From the results of the age group category, 24 people (35.8%) were dominated by respondents aged 31-40 years. Conclusions: The overall average cholesterol level of respondents is 201 mg/dL. If distributed by gender, female respondents have an average total cholesterol level of 237 mg/dl and men have an average total cholesterol level of 200 mg/dL.

Assessment of effective dose and cancer risk for pediatric chest and pelvis CT procedures in the central region of Saudi Arabia

BackgroundCT accounts for the highest radiation dose among various imaging modalities. Children are more susceptible to the harmful effects of radiation because of their higher cell-division rate and the likelihood of longer lifespans. Therefore, it is important to monitor pediatric CT doses to minimize their potential risks. AimThe objective of this study was to evaluate the radiation doses received by pediatrics undergoing trunk CT procedures and to estimate the associated cancer risk. MethodsA total of 255 pediatric patients who underwent chest (92 cases), abdomen & pelvis (133 cases), and chest-abdomen-pelvis (CAP) scans (30 cases) from hospitals within the central region of Saudi Arabia were categorized into four age groups: <1 year, 1–5 years, 6–10 years, and 11–15 years. The averages and ranges of DLP and CTDIvol from each procedure were measured and compared with international reports. The effective dose and cancer risk from each procedure were also reported. ResultsThe mean and range DLP (mGy.cm) for chest, abdomen & pelvis, and CAP examinations were found to be 131.5 (13.8–375.5), 244 (10.5–1353), and 94.2 (23.5–239), respectively. The mean and range CTDIvol (mGy) for chest, abdomen & pelvis, and CAP examinations were found to be 5.5 (1–33.8), 5.5 (0.9–18.6), and 3.6 (1.3–24.8) in order. The effective dose (mSv) and associated cancer risk (case/10,000 cases) for chest, abdomen & pelvis, and CAP ranges between (2.31–3.37; 1.27–1.85), (4.19–6.89; 2.30–3.78), and (1.89–3.58; 1.04–1.97), respectively. ConclusionEstimations of effective doses and cancer risk were conducted for pediatric patients aged <1 through 15 years who underwent chest, abdomen & pelvis, and CAP procedures. The documented dose levels in this study were relatively elevated compared to similar reports, revealing substantial variations even within the same procedure and age group category. Therefore, prioritizing dose optimization practices becomes crucial to mitigate potential radiation-induced cancer risks.

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders in India: A population-based study.

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders represent a significant global health concern, contributing significantly to the global burden of disease. The National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) of India, conducted between 2015 and 2016, investigated the prevalence and epidemiological correlates of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in India. The NMHS conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in 12 Indian states from 2015 to 2016, encompassing 34,802 adults. The overall study design of the NMHS was a multistage, stratified, random cluster sampling technique, incorporating random selection based on probability proportion to size at each stage. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0 was used for psychiatric diagnoses, disability was assessed using Sheehan's disability scale, and the illness-related socioeconomic impact was assessed using a questionnaire based on the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Firth penalized logistic regression was employed to understand the correlates of current schizophrenia spectrum disorder. The study found a lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum disorders at 1.41%, with a current prevalence of 0.42%. A substantial treatment gap of 72% existed for current cases, rising to 83.3% in urban non-metro areas. The penalized logistic regression revealed that the age group category of 30-49 years, unemployed status, and lower education level had higher odds of association with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The primary finding of this study is a lifetime prevalence of 1.41%, a current prevalence of 0.42%, and a substantial treatment gap of 72%. Addressing this treatment gap and holistic intervention is crucial for reducing the socioeconomic impact of this disorder. Strengthening the National Mental Health Program and implementing community-based rehabilitation are essential first steps in this direction.