Category Matching Research Articles

Research on Safety Separation Distance in Paired Approach Based on Monte Carlo Simulation

Faced with the increasing number of flights, efficient and orderly operations have become a critical issue for busy airports. The closely spaced parallel runway paired approach technology has been proven to be an effective solution for increasing runway capacity and operational efficiency. This research focuses on determining the safety separation between paired aircraft, particularly the collision safety limit. This study refines the kinematic modeling process by constructing a three-dimensional kinematic model and advancing the starting point of paired approach, making the simulation process more aligned with reality. Subsequently, the Monte Carlo simulation method is applied, integrating the kinematic model and considering collision risks to simulate the entire paired approach process. Multiple scenarios are created, and simulation experiments are conducted to determine the safety separation between the two paired aircraft. Finally, by adjusting parameter settings and taking the example of the two closely spaced parallel runways at Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport, the correlation between various influencing factors and the safety separation is analyzed. Different scenarios are simulated 100,000 times each, and the results show that the speed difference between the two paired aircraft has the most significant impact on the safety separation, followed by the paired approach mode and runway centerline spacing. The wake turbulence category matching has a minimal effect on the safety separation. The results provide a theoretical basis for airports with closely spaced parallel runways to further reduce the separation between paired aircraft, thereby enhancing airport capacity and runway operational efficiency.

B-051 Clinical Validation of Vectra® DA: A Multi-Biomarker Based Test for the Objective Measurement of Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract Background The Vectra® DA test measures serum levels of 12 protein biomarkers associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and uses these levels in an algorithmic calculation to generate a numeric score that represents RA disease activity where established categories are low for scores 1 to 29, moderate for 30 to 44, and high for 45 to 100. LabCorp Specialty Lab in Calabasas, CA completed the quantitative analytical validations of 12 Vectra biomarkers (SAA, CRP, VCAM-1, IL-6, TNF-RI, EGF, VEGF-A, Leptin, Resistin, MMP-1, MMP-3, and YKL-40) and the clinical verification of the Vectra score algorithm. Methods The Vectra test consists of the quantitative measurements of EGF, Leptin, MMP-1, TNF-R1, VEGF, MMP-3, Resistin, VCAM, YKL-40, CRP, SAA and IL-6 using multiplex immunoassay platforms. The data acquired from each biomarker assay is processed through an algorithm where a composite Vectra score adjusted based on age, gender, and adiposity of the patient is computed. Analytical parameters validated for each biomarkers include sensitivity, precision, accuracy, specificity and stability. Precision was validated using pooled human serum controls at low, moderate, and high Vectra score levels. Method comparison was performed using 584 clinically defined serum samples. Quantitatively measured analyte values and computed Vectra scores by the Labcorp Vectra assay were compared with Vectra data produced by Myriad laboratory. Results Intra- and inter-assay sample precision of the final Vectra score was <13% and <18%, respectively. Sample stability using freshly collected serum subject to ambient and refrigerated temperature up to 14 days and frozen up to 364 days and up to 6 freeze-thaw cycles were acceptable. Of 584 clinical Vectra data compared, Labcorp vs Myriad, 96% of data were comparable within the acceptable criteria. Correlation of Vectra score from Labcorp and Myriad was excellent. A linear least square model resulted in a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.981 and a Deming slope of 1.009. Qualitative method comparison of Vectra scores resulted in excellent agreement of risk of radiographic progression and rheumatoid arthritis disease activity. A 91% agreement of risk category match between Labcorp and Myriad and 100% agreement of Vectra scores within 1 risk category was achieved. Conclusions We validated the Vectra® DA multiplex assay for measuring serum levels of 12 protein biomarkers associated with RA. Vectra combines biomarker levels into a personalized disease score that represents a patient’s RA inflammation and predict their risk of radiographic progression. High Vectra® DA scores (> 44) have been associated with a 20% 1-year risk of radiographic progression while low scores (< 30) carry only a 1% risk. Thus, the Vectra score provides an objective measurement of RA disease activity that can be used in combination with existing assessment tools to aid physicians to manage patients with RA.

The evaluation of daily activity questionnaire for stroke survivors: cross-cultural adaptation, content validity and digitisation

ObjectiveThe study's objective was to culturally adapt and digitise the Evaluation of Daily Activity Questionnaire (EDAQ), originally designed for rheumatoid arthritis and various other musculoskeletal conditions, creating a version for stroke survivors (EDAQ-SS). This adaptation also aimed to develop a comprehensive electronic Patient Reported Outcome Measure (ePROM) intended to refine stroke survivors' self-assessment of their daily activity limitations. Materials and methodsCross-cultural adaptation of the EDAQ was completed by a review of expert panel, which included healthcare professionals to increase the clarity and relevancy of the items, followed by cognitive debriefing interviews with British stroke survivors to rate their understanding of the questionnaire items. After developing the paper version of the questionnaire, this was digitised (eEDAQ-SS) and disseminated online via the Stroke Survivors Hub (SSHUB). Content validity of the EDAQ-SS was evaluated using the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) Core Set for Stroke. ResultsThe expert panel meeting (n:11) and cognitive debriefing interviews with stroke survivors (n:10) resulted in an EDAQ-SS with 160 items across 15 domains, which was understandable and relevant to stroke survivors. The SSHUB was deemed to be a user-friendly platform, providing easy access to eEDAQ-SS and aid self-assessment of daily activities of stroke survivors. Mapping the EDAQ-SS items to the ICF Core Set for Stroke demonstrated good content validity with 44/55 matching categories. ConclusionThe EDAQ-SS offers a comprehensive measure for self-assessment, which may serve to guide stroke survivors’ self-management by overcoming limitations of existing PROMs. Further psychometric testing of the EDAQ-SS and wider testing of the digital version is recommended. Contribution of the Paper•The Evaluation of daily activity questionnaire for stroke survivors (EDAQ-SS) is a culturally adapted, comprehensive PROM for British stroke survivors, enhancing self-assessment of daily activities.•Methodically developed using guidelines, expert feedback, and stroke survivor interviews, the EDAQ-SS ensures relevance and clarity.•The EDAQ-SS demonstrates good content validity against the International Classification of Functioning Core Set for Stroke, with potential to improve clinical practice by providing a detailed, sensitive measure to help stroke survivors and healthcare professionals identify and manage daily activity limitations more effectively.

Retrospective screening of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in post mortem samples from 2014 to 2021

Systematic retrospective processing of previously analysed biological samples has been proven to be a valuable tool in the search for new drugs (e.g. new psychoactive substances (NPS)) and for quality assessment in clinical and forensic toxicology. In a previous study, we developed a strategy for retrospective data-analysis using a personalized library of synthetic cannabinoids, designer benzodiazepines and synthetic opioids obtained from the crowdsourced database HighResNPS (https://highresnps.com). In this study, the same strategy was employed for the compounds within the groups of NPS that were not previously included such as synthetic cathinones, phenethylamines, aminoindanes, arylalkylamines, piperazine derivates, piperidines, pyrrolidines, indolalkylamines and arylcyclohexylamines. Synthetic opioids and designer benzodiazepines, which were not part of the previous study, were also included. To enhance the effectiveness of the retrospective analysis, a predicted retention time was included for all entries. Data files from the analysis of 2186 forensic post mortem samples with an Agilent Technologies 6540 ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) performed in the laboratory from January 2014 to December 2021 were retrospectively processed with the up-to-date library. Tentative findings were classified in two groups: The findings where MS/MS data was acquired for library match (category 1) and the less certain findings where such data lacked (category 2). Five compounds of category 1 (three synthetic cathinones and two indolalkylamines) were identified in 12 samples. Only one of the findings, 4-MEAPP (4-methyl-α-ethylaminopentiophenone), was deemed plausible after reviewing case information. As many as 501 presumably positive category 2 findings were detected. Using the predicted retention time as an additional criterion the number was significantly reduced but still too high for a manual review. This work has demonstrated that the strategy developed in the previous study can be applied to other NPS groups. However, it is important to note the limitations such a method may have in detecting compounds at very low concentrations.

Automated Category Tree Construction: Hardness Bounds and Algorithms

Category trees, or taxonomies, are rooted trees where each node, called a category, corresponds to a set of related items. The construction of taxonomies has been studied in various domains, including e-commerce, document management, and question answering. Multiple algorithms for automating construction have been proposed, employing a variety of clustering approaches and crowdsourcing. However, no formal model to capture such categorization problems has been devised, and their complexity has not been studied. To address this, we propose in this work a combinatorial model that captures many practical settings and show that the aforementioned empirical approach has been warranted, as we prove strong inapproximability bounds for various problem variants and special cases when the goal is to produce a categorization of the maximum utility. In our model, the input is a set of n weighted item sets that the tree would ideally contain as categories. Each category, rather than perfectly match the corresponding input set, is allowed to exceed a given threshold for a given similarity function. The goal is to produce a tree that maximizes the total weight of the sets for which it contains a matching category. A key parameter is an upper bound on the number of categories an item may belong to, which produces the hardness of the problem, as initially each item may be contained in an arbitrary number of input sets. For this model, we prove inapproximability bounds, of order \(\tilde{\Theta }(\sqrt {n}) \) or \(\tilde{\Theta }(n) \) , for various problem variants and special cases, loosely justifying the aforementioned heuristic approach. Our work includes reductions based on parameterized randomized constructions that highlight how various problem parameters and properties of the input may affect the hardness. Moreover, for the special case where the category must be identical to the corresponding input set, we devise an algorithm whose approximation guarantee depends solely on a more granular parameter, allowing improved worst-case guarantees, as well as the application of practical exact solvers. We further provide efficient algorithms with much improved approximation guarantees for practical special cases where the cardinalities of the input sets or the number of input sets each items belongs to are not too large. Finally, we also generalize our results to DAG-based and non-hierarchical categorization.

Financial performance of mutual and pension funds focused on the natural resources sector

The natural resource sector plays a critical role in advancing sustainable development. However, fossil fuels, precious metals, and mineral extraction require large investments, which mutual and pension funds may assume when allowing fund managers to fulfil their fiduciary duties. This study examines the financial performance of conventional, natural resource, energy, and precious metal-related mutual and pension funds, considering the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We adopted a five-factor model with a sample of 42 natural resource funds, 45 energy funds, 45 precious metal funds, and 2172 conventional funds from January 2016 to December 2022. The results indicate that driven by fund managers’ reverse stock-picking skills, the precious metal fund category reaches the lowest mean risk-adjusted return in relation to the energy, natural resources, and conventional fund categories. Additionally, the COVID-19 global health crisis negatively affected the mean risk-adjusted returns on the energy, precious metals, and conventional funding categories. A similar effect is observed in the natural resource pension fund category, while its matching mutual fund category achieves similar financial performance during the non-crisis and crisis periods.

A Precise Framework for Rice Leaf Disease Image-Text Retrieval Using FHTW-Net.

Cross-modal retrieval for rice leaf diseases is crucial for prevention, providing agricultural experts with data-driven decision support to address disease threats and safeguard rice production. To overcome the limitations of current crop leaf disease retrieval frameworks, we focused on four common rice leaf diseases and established the first cross-modal rice leaf disease retrieval dataset (CRLDRD). We introduced cross-modal retrieval to the domain of rice leaf disease retrieval and introduced FHTW-Net, a framework for rice leaf disease image-text retrieval. To address the challenge of matching diverse image categories with complex text descriptions during the retrieval process, we initially employed ViT and BERT to extract fine-grained image and text feature sequences enriched with contextual information. Subsequently, two-way mixed self-attention (TMS) was introduced to enhance both image and text feature sequences, with the aim of uncovering important semantic information in both modalities. Then, we developed false-negative elimination-hard negative mining (FNE-HNM) strategy to facilitate in-depth exploration of semantic connections between different modalities. This strategy aids in selecting challenging negative samples for elimination to constrain the model within the triplet loss function. Finally, we introduced warm-up bat algorithm (WBA) for learning rate optimization, which improves the model's convergence speed and accuracy. Experimental results demonstrated that FHTW-Net outperforms state-of-the-art models. In image-to-text retrieval, it achieved R@1, R@5, and R@10 accuracies of 83.5%, 92%, and 94%, respectively, while in text-to-image retrieval, it achieved accuracies of 82.5%, 98%, and 98.5%, respectively. FHTW-Net offers advanced technical support and algorithmic guidance for cross-modal retrieval of rice leaf diseases.

Approaches to Backbone Flexibility in Protein-Protein Docking.

Proteins are the fundamental organic macromolecules in living systems that play a key role in a variety of biological functions including immunological detection, intracellular trafficking, and signal transduction. The docking of proteins has greatly advanced during recent decades and has become a crucial complement to experimental methods. Protein-protein docking is a helpful method for simulating protein complexes whose structures have not yet been solved experimentally. This chapter focuses on major search tactics along with various docking programs used in protein-protein docking algorithms, which include: direct search, exhaustive global search, local shape feature matching, randomized search, and broad category of post-docking approaches. As backbone flexibility predictions and interactions in high-resolution protein-protein docking remain important issues in the overall optimization context, we have put forward several methods and solutions used to handle backbone flexibility. In addition, various docking methods that are utilized for flexible backbone docking, including ATTRACT, FlexDock, FLIPDock, HADDOCK, RosettaDock, FiberDock, etc., along with their scoring functions, algorithms, advantages, and limitations are discussed. Moreover, what progress in search technology is expected, including not only the creation of new search algorithms but also the enhancement of existing ones, has been debated. As conformational flexibility is one of the most crucial factors affecting docking success, more work should be put into evaluating the conformational flexibility upon binding for a particular case in addition to developing new algorithms to replace the rigid body docking and scoring approach.

Innovative e-Learning Training Modules to Improve Animal Welfare during Transport and Slaughter of Pigs: A Pretest–Posttest Study to Pre-Evaluate the General Didactical Concept

In addition to the information on the possession of a certificate of competence, there are no concrete obligations for repetitive training for personnel handling live animals at transport and slaughter. Deficiencies in the animal-welfare-friendly handling of pigs are known. The developed pilot modules “Handling of pigs” and “Electrical stunning” were tested in a pretest–posttest study in German and Romanian using questions of knowledge before and after the implementation of the modules. In this study, 45 and 46 datasets of participants could be analyzed. The mean percentages of correctly answered questions in the posttest increased by 5.6% in the module “Handling of pigs” and by 10.6% in the module “Electrical stunning”. A significant interaction was found for the language match and trend categories in the module “Handling of pigs”. No Romanian native speaker had a positive trend in this module. For both modules separately, participant education level significantly interacted with the language match and the presence or absence of a certificate of competence. Comparing the percentages of the correct given answers, significant interactions in the subgroups were more common in the module “Electrical stunning”. One question in “Electrical stunning” was correctly answered significantly more often in the posttest. Because of the positive mean trends of knowledge within this pre-evaluation, we assume the didactical concept was suitable for our target groups. Holders of a certificate of competence also gave more correct answers in the post-test. This underlines the importance of repetitive training. Differences in the trends of knowledge gain seem to be topic and experience related.

East-West Cross-Cultural Collaboration and Research Impact

ABSTRACT This paper investigates how East-West cross-cultural collaboration affects team research impact. A dataset of international collaboration articles of Chinese scholars was constructed, and then the cultural background of each researcher was traced with a surname and culture category matching process and a manual search process. Empirical analysis using negative binomial regression reveals that East-West cross-cultural collaboration has a positive effect on research impact, and culture concentration in an East-West cross-cultural team affects the research impact positively. Knowledge diversity negatively moderates the relationship between East-West cross-cultural collaboration and research impact. The cross-cultural collaboration experiences of team members and the strength of ties between current East-West cultural collaborators positively moderate the relationship between East-West cross-cultural collaboration and team research impact. Suggestions for personal collaboration strategy and institutional research management policies are presented: scholars participating in an East-West cross-cultural team with high culture concentration can be helpful in achieving high-impact research. For institutions, promoting East-West cross-cultural collaboration will enrich scholars’ cross-cultural collaboration experience, which will support future cross-cultural collaboration.

Support for verbal memory reserve in women using an epigenetic marker of age acceleration

AbstractBackgroundTo determine whether characterizing men and women based on rates of biological aging indexed by DNA methylation “GrimAge” reflect differences on measures of verbal and non‐verbal memory.MethodCross‐sectional data from 1,930 adults aged 65 or older (mean age = 75, SD = 7.4, Male = 43%, non‐Hispanic White = 74.8%, non‐Hispanic Black = 13.5%, Hispanic = 9.6%, other race/ethnicity = 2.1%) were included. The standardized residual from regressing chronological age on the DNA methylation GrimAge clock as the measure of age acceleration. Slow and accelerated “DNAmGrimAgers” were defined as individuals below or above 1 SD of their sex‐specific GrimAge acceleration Mean, respectively. Individuals between these cutoffs were categorized as “normal agers” resulting in six different groups (i.e., 3 female and 3 male). Performances on measures of verbal and non‐verbal memory and processing speed were compared across these six different groups, controlling for education, depressive symptoms and chronological age. We reran analysis adjusting for processing speed.ResultWhen comparing men and women’s performances based on their matching DNAmGrimAge category, there was no difference in processing speed or visual memory (e.g., accelerated male DNAmGrimAgers performed similarly to accelerated female DNAmGrimAgers on speed). In contrast, women, regardless of their DNAmGrimAge category, outperformed men on verbal memory measures (in speed and non‐speed adjusted models). Additionally, while accelerated female DNAmGrimAgers had significantly lower memory performances compared to slow female DNAmGrimAgers, this group difference was no longer significant in the speed‐adjusted models.ConclusionWomen maintained a verbal memory advantage over men, despite different rates of age acceleration, which was not accounted for by faster processing speed. These findings strengthen prior support for verbal memory reserve that is specific to women. Thus, relying on verbal memory assessments in women at risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may not be sensitive enough to detect hippocampal impairment in the earliest stages. However, performances on visual memory measures may be a more accurate representation of hippocampal function in women and should be included in assessments where AD is suspected.

Riau Pencak Silat at POMNAS XVII 2022 Padang: What are the Tactics for Competing Pencak Silat Fighters?

Pencak silat is a traditional martial art in Indonesia, in general the attacks that are often carried out in each category of pencak silat matches are kicks, while punches are usually only carried out occasionally in pencak silat matches. Along with the development of the era, the sport of pencak silat is not only used for self-defense but also used as an achievement. In achieving an important achievement, it is important to identify weaknesses and provide feedback in the form of match analysis to obtain various information and use it to design and develop future training programs. This type of research uses a qualitative descriptive research type. The sampling technique in this study used stratified random sampling, namely between one group and another group it appears that there are strata or levels which are Riau pencak silat athletes in the fighter category who participated in POMNAS XVII 2022 Padang with a total of 12 athletes. The data collected in the implementation of this research was through observing video matches, by recording all tactics of attack, defense, and blocks obtained from the research subject, namely the Riau pencak silat team in the fighter category so that athletes' tactics can be known when competing. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out, it was found that the results of the Riau pencak silat match in the match category carried out attack and defense tactics based on rounds one, two and three in the match which tended to increase, in carrying out these tactics the highest average score was owned by the fighter in the third round. This research has limitations, namely only focusing on one pencak silah team in Riau province, the results of this study are expected to be used as input for sports practitioners, especially martial arts, to develop special tactics and strategies in the fighter category. Future research is expected to cover more than one team and add research variables.

Posterior Parietal Cortex Plays a Causal Role in Abstract Memory-Based Visual Categorical Decisions.

Neural activity in the lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP) correlates with both sensory evaluation and motor planning underlying visuomotor decisions. We previously showed that LIP plays a causal role in visually-based perceptual and categorical decisions, and preferentially contributes to evaluating sensory stimuli over motor planning. In that study, however, monkeys reported their decisions with a saccade to a colored target associated with the correct motion category or direction. Since LIP is known to play a role in saccade planning, it remains unclear whether LIP's causal role in such decisions extend to decision-making tasks which do not involve saccades. Here, we employed reversible pharmacological inactivation of LIP neural activity while two male monkeys performed delayed match to category (DMC) and delayed match to sample (DMS) tasks. In both tasks, monkeys needed to maintain gaze fixation throughout the trial and report whether a test stimulus was a categorical match or nonmatch to the previous sample stimulus by releasing a touch bar. LIP inactivation impaired monkeys' behavioral performance in both tasks, with deficits in both accuracy and reaction time (RT). Furthermore, we recorded LIP neural activity in the DMC task targeting the same cortical locations as in the inactivation experiments. We found significant neural encoding of the sample category, which was correlated with monkeys' categorical decisions in the DMC task. Taken together, our results demonstrate that LIP plays a generalized role in visual categorical decisions independent of the task-structure and motor response modality.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neural activity in the lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP) correlates with perceptual and categorical decisions, in addition to its role in mediating saccadic eye movements. Past work found that LIP is causally involved in visual decisions that are rapidly reported by saccades in a reaction time based decision making task. Here we use reversible inactivation of LIP to test whether LIP is also causally involved in visual decisions when reported by hand movements during delayed matching tasks. Here we show that LIP inactivation impaired monkeys' task performance during both memory-based discrimination and categorization tasks. These results demonstrate that LIP plays a generalized role in visual categorical decisions independent of the task-structure and motor response modality.

An empirical analysis of linguistic styles in new work services: The case of Fiverr.com

AbstractCurrent online marketplaces, characterized by a high number of sellers and the velocity of offerings, make service differentiation difficult for sellers. One particularly promising avenue for sellers (in this study: individuals) beyond classical demand‐side approaches (i.e., prices) is to employ linguistic descriptions of their offerings. Yet, it remains mostly unclear what constitutes “successful” linguistic strategies. To elaborate on this, the current paper mines more than 2000 unique service offerings on Fiverr.com, a leading online marketplace for freelance services. By distinguishing between different service categories (i.e., hedonic and utilitarian services) and other characteristics of individual sellers (e.g., the origin of a seller), the paper analyzes the linguistic service descriptions via the Linguistic Inquirer and Word Counts (LIWC) and provides an empirical taxonomy of linguistic styles among individuals. Although the paper is novel and explorative, a few interesting insights can be obtained. First, there are significant linguistic differences in how sellers describe their service offerings depending on the service category (hedonic/utilitarian). Second, linguistic proxies of complexity, namely, words per sentence, six‐letter words, and the overall word count (i.e., increasing informational content) as well as signals of analytical language, appear to be a beneficial strategy for sellers. Third, a linguistic strategy aimed at matching (congruence) of service categories (hedonic/utilitarian) and linguistic styles (analytical/emotional) appears to be beneficial. The results have important implications for creating linguistic strategies in online marketplaces focused on services on the supply side.

The Correlation between the Results of the Sniffin' Sticks Test, Demographic Data, and Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders in a Hungarian Population after a SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

After a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, smell disorders frequently occur, significantly affecting patients' quality of life (QoL). 110 patients with persistent olfactory disorder after coronavirus infection were enrolled. These patients underwent chemosensory testing using the Sniffin' Sticks test, and completed the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD). 30% of the patients reported anosmia, and 70% reported hyposmia. Upon comparing subjective and chemosensory testing categories, good category matching was observed in 75.3% (i.e., anosmia based on both methods in 10 and hyposmia in 48 cases). Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test revealed a significant result (p = 0.001 *). Between the TDI (i.e., Threshold, Discrimination, Identification) results of the three subjective report groups (i.e., hyposmia, anosmia, and parosmia), no significant differences were observed. When the TDI and QOD results were compared, no consistent significant correlations were found in most TDI and QOD outcomes. Between the TDI and Scale 2 results, a significant, although slight correlation was observed by the Spearman's (rho = 0.213, p = 0.027 *) and Pearson's (rho = 0.201, p = 0.037 *) tests. The nonsignificant correlation between objective and subjective methods suggests that these results should be interpreted independently. Moreover, adequate management is essential even in mild cases.

PuzzleFixer: A Visual Reassembly System for Immersive Fragments Restoration.

We present PuzzleFixer, an immersive interactive system for experts to rectify defective reassembled 3D objects. Reassembling the fragments of a broken object to restore its original state is the prerequisite of many analytical tasks such as cultural relics analysis and forensics reasoning. While existing computer-aided methods can automatically reassemble fragments, they often derive incorrect objects due to the complex and ambiguous fragment shapes. Thus, experts usually need to refine the object manually. Prior advances in immersive technologies provide benefits for realistic perception and direct interactions to visualize and interact with 3D fragments. However, few studies have investigated the reassembled object refinement. The specific challenges include: 1) the fragment combination set is too large to determine the correct matches, and 2) the geometry of the fragments is too complex to align them properly. To tackle the first challenge, PuzzleFixer leverages dimensionality reduction and clustering techniques, allowing users to review possible match categories, select the matches with reasonable shapes, and drill down to shapes to correct the corresponding faces. For the second challenge, PuzzleFixer embeds the object with node-link networks to augment the perception of match relations. Specifically, it instantly visualizes matches with graph edges and provides force feedback to facilitate the efficiency of alignment interactions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of PuzzleFixer, we conducted an expert evaluation based on two cases on real-world artifacts and collected feedback through post-study interviews. The results suggest that our system is suitable and efficient for experts to refine incorrect reassembled objects.

Heart Rate Response, Temporal Structure and the Stroke Technique Distribution in Table Tennis National Category Matches

The aims of this study were to analyze the heart rate response, the game temporal structure (i.e., mean total time of the matches, real playing time, total rest time) and the stroke technique distribution and to describe its relations in the table tennis national category in simulated competitions. A cohort of 60 table tennis male players (22.06 ± 8.32 years) played 30 simulated matches. The obtained results show a mean heart rate (HRmean) of 142.69 ± 14.10 bpm and a peak heart rate (HRpeak) of 167.26 ± 16.51 bpm. Total strokes were 7505, being the 57.88% and 42.12% forehand and backhand strokes, respectively. The most frequent forehand strokes were service (SERV) (33.13%) and forward spin technique (SPIN) (40.75%) stroke types, with the left quadrant of the table away from the net (Z_5) (25%) and right quadrant of the table away from the net (Z_6) (20.72%) being the most frequent ball bouncing placements. Meanwhile, the most frequent backhand strokes were backspin technique (PUSH) (42.74%) and SPIN (31.86%) stroke types, with the intermediate left quadrant of the table (Z_3) (17.21%), Z_5 (31.22%) and Z_6 (18.54%) being the most frequent ball placements. The mean total time of the matches was 15.74 ± 3.82 min, the mean real playing time was 4.14 ± 1.47 min and the total rest time was 11.60 ± 2.67 min. Heart rate variables did not correlate significantly with the different stroke types or the game temporal variables (p > 0.05). However, stroke types and game temporal structure variables were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). This information can be useful to reveal players' strengths and weaknesses and prepare subsequent training sessions, adapting training sessions to the needs of the athletes.

Open-set HRRP recognition method based on joint sparse representation

Aiming at the problem of multi-view high-resolution range profile (HRRP) target recognition under open set conditions, we proposed an open set recognition method based on joint sparse representation (JSR), which solves the problem of low recognition rate of traditional methods under open set conditions. This method is applied to the background of radar single-station observation. JSR is used to solve the reconstruction error of multi-view HRRP by the over-complete dictionary, while extreme value theory (EVT) is used to model the reconstruction error tailing of matching and non-matching categories and transform the open set identification problem into a hypothesis testing problem. During recognition, we use the reconstruction error to determine the candidate class, the scores of the matching class and non-matching class are obtained according to the confidence of tail distribution, and the weighted sum of the two is used as the category criterion to finally determine the target or candidate class outside the library. This method can effectively use the relevant information between multi-view HRRPs to improve the performance of HRRP recognition under open set conditions. The algorithm is tested with HRRP data generated from MSTAR inversion, and the results show that the performance of the proposed method is better than the mainstream open set recognition method.

COCM: Co-Occurrence-Based Consistency Matching in Domain-Adaptive Segmentation

This paper focuses on domain adaptation in a semantic segmentation task. Traditional methods regard the source domain and the target domain as a whole, and the image matching is determined by random seeds, leading to a low degree of consistency matching between domains and interfering with the reduction in the domain gap. Therefore, we designed a two-step, three-level cascaded domain consistency matching strategy—co-occurrence-based consistency matching (COCM)—in which the two steps are: Step 1, in which we design a matching strategy from the perspective of category existence and filter the sub-image set with the highest degree of matching from the image of the whole source domain, and Step 2, in which, from the perspective of spatial existence, we propose a method of measuring the PIOU score to quantitatively evaluate the spatial matching of co-occurring categories in the sub-image set and select the best-matching source image. The three levels mean that in order to improve the importance of low-frequency categories in the matching process, we divide the categories into three levels according to the frequency of co-occurrences between domains; these three levels are the head, middle, and tail levels, and priority is given to matching tail categories. The proposed COCM maximizes the category-level consistency between the domains and has been proven to be effective in reducing the domain gap while being lightweight. The experimental results on general datasets can be compared with those of state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods.

Meta-analysis of ecosystem services associated with oyster restoration.

Restoration of foundation species promises to reverse environmental degradation and return lost ecosystem services, but a lack of standardized evaluation across projects limits understanding of recovery, especially in marine systems. Oyster reefs are restored to reverse massive global declines and reclaim valuable ecosystem services, but the success of these projects has not been systematically and comprehensively quantified. We synthesized data on ecosystem services associated with oyster restoration from 245 pairs of restored and degraded reefs and 136 pairs of restored and reference reefs across 3500km of U.S. Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coastlines. On average, restoration was associated with a 21-fold increase in oyster production (mean log response ratio=3.08 [95% confidence interval: 2.58-3.58]), 34-97% enhancement of habitat provisioning (mean community abundance=0.51 [0.41-0.61], mean richness=0.29 [0.19-0.39], and mean biomass=0.69 [0.39-0.99]), 54% more nitrogen removal (mean=0.43 [0.13-0.73]), and 89-95% greater sediment nutrients (mean=0.67 [0.27-1.07]) and organic matter (mean=0.64 [0.44-0.84]) relative to degraded habitats. Moreover, restored reefs matched reference reefs for these ecosystem services. Our results support the continued and expanded use of oyster restoration to enhance ecosystem services of degraded coastal systems and match many functions provided by reference reefs.