Categorize Research Articles

Immunoglobulin in colostrum and health of newborn Calves

Cow’s colostrum contains the basic alimentary constituents; fat, protein, carbohydrate, minerals and vitamins, in addition to immunoglobulin, biological factors, hormones and other biological particles. These constituents play an important role in immunity and health of the newborn calves, as they are born with weak immunity and acquire their immunity after birth within three weeks continuously after being fed the colostrums. Feeding colostrums immediately after birth is found to protect the calves from the pathological factors which are around them at birth and at the beginning of breath. The synthesis of the colostrum takes place at the end of pregnancy during the dry period after increasing the hormones receptors on the epithelial cells in the udder. Colostrum production continues after birth for five days and it is the source of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and a part of IgA, IgM, in colostrums is the blood, whereas the plasma of the epithelial cells in udder synthesizes 50% of IgA and IgM. IgG forms the greatest part in colostrum approximately 85-90% and the remaining parts are IgM at rate 7% and IgA at rate 5%. Controlling udder within the dry period is basic to prevent inflammation especially subclinical mastitis, because it will lead to retard the colostrum quantity after birth and decrease its concentration of Ig especially IgG. It is important to determine immunoglobulin level produced after birth using different methods especially the field ones, which are simple and available. These methods will help to categorize and freeze the good quality surplus colostrum to feed the newborn of low quality colostrum producing cows.

Recognition of medical staff in the oncology department about management of cancer related fatigue: a qualitative research

Objective To explore how medical staff in the oncology department understand management of cancer related fatigue (CRF), and explore what factors influencing the effective practice of CRF management. Methods Qualitative inquiry was adopted. Ten medical staffs in the oncology department were selected for in-depth interview. Generic analysis was applied to code, categorize and interpret the qualitative data. Results Participants believed that many factors influenced the CRF, which hadn't been assessed as an independent symptom and lacked the systematic, effective and specific interventions. The medical staff, patients and their families neglecting the CRF management was the main barrier. Strengthening system construction and staff training was mentioned as major area which needed to be improved. Conclusions CRF management guideline should be formulated according to our national situations based on the clinical practices, besides, the training of correlated clinical knowledge and skills of medical staff should be strengthened and eventually promote the cancer patients' quality of life. Key words: Medical staff; Cancer related fatigue; Symptom management; Qualitative inquiry

Evaluation of high-resolution manometry for POEM in treating achalasia

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and predictive value of high-resolution manometry(HRM) for POEM in treating achalasia. Methods A total of 84 achalasia patients categorized into subtypes by HRM, who also underwent POEM, were enrolled in our study. Eckardt score, Barium esophagogram and HRM were performed before, 6 months and 1 year after POEM. Results POEM was successfully performed in all 84 patients. No perforation occurred in any patient. The Eckardt scores and esophageal diameter after POEM significantly reduced compared with those before(P<0.05). The 4s-IRP decreased from 33.4±9.0 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) to 14.6±3.8 mmHg six months after POEM (P<0.05) and to 16.4±3.9 mmHg one year after POEM (VS preoperate, P<0.05). The LESP before treatment was 41.8±15.4 mmHg, decreasing to 18.4±7.1 mmHg six months after POEM (P<0.05) and 20.7±7.6 mmHg one year after POEM (VS preoperate, P<0.05). When categorizing patients into 3 subtypes by HRM, 4s-IRP of type II showed the most dramatic decrease six months after POEM(62.8%), followed by typeⅠ(53.5%), while type III had the least decrease(41.8%). The mean decreasing rate of LESP in type III was 42.3% six months after POEM, followed by typeⅠ(55.3%), while type II showed the highest rate(57.8%). Conclusion POEM is a safe treatment for achalasia and has significant short-term efficacy with Type II responding best to POEM. HRM plays a vital role in typing AC and predicting the effectiveness of POEM and can be useful in selecting an appropriate treatment. Key words: Achalasia; Peroral endoscopic myotomy; High-resolution manometry; Subtype

SHAPING ARCHITECTURAL DISCOURSE BY ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS AT QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY BELFAST

While design practices are generally seen as a major driver for shaping debates and trends in architecture and urbanism, architectural discourse is typically shaped by discussions in books, journal articles, short essays, and reviews of design trends or critiques of buildings or design competitions. In many cases however, critical essays may have the power to communicate ideas and concepts in a concise manner while books can still be seen by some academics or many practitioners as lacking the capacity to communicate the same ideas or concepts effectively. Whether or not one would agree with this view is a different issue. Yet, as a reaction to such a view it is possible to see book reviews playing the role of short essays or articles which enable readers to grasp the message a book author is trying to convey-yet in a short and quick way. In person-environment research—as part of contemporary architectural discourse—book reviews are important as they provide significant slices of larger arguments, but enable readers to classify, categorize, and relate those arguments to other discourses on theories of architecture and urbanism, and thereby comprehending the full spectrum of issues introduced through a specific period of time. In this article, I discuss the notion of reviews and book reviews, outline the assignment delivered to architecture students at Queen’s University Belfast, then present selected students’ reviews. While this article is simply a presentation of students’ work, the ultimate objective is to offer a package of ideas and concepts generated in the literature of person-environment interaction as viewed by the students. This is coupled with students’ articulations of and reflections on how the merits and demerits of those ideas and the way in which they relate to such ideas in their reviews. While this article does not reflect on students’ work and does not have a conclusion, it calls for a database that is exclusively dedicated to reviewed books on person-environment interactions, which could be published online on the web of one of the societies or associations concerned with people environment interactions including EDRA-Environmental Design Research Association and IAPS-International Association of People- Environments Studies.

Minimizing the Costs of Using Models to Assess the Financial Health of Banks

Identifying banks that are likely to experience financial distress in the future can be problematic for bank regulators and investors. Traditionally, bank examiners use a variety of methods, including traditional statistical modelling techniques, to categorize banks as financially healthy or financially distressed. Often, these statistical models are chosen based on overall model error rate. Unfortunately, these statistical models often misclassify banks. Our study compares the ability of multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA), logistic regression (logit) and three types of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to classify banks as financially healthy or financially distressed. We calculate overall error rates, Type I error rates and Type II error rates for all five models. Our results show that both MDA and logit have lower estimated overall error rates and Type II error rates that the three ANNs. However, the ANNs have lower Type I error rates than MDA and logit. We demonstrate that relying solely on overall misclassification error rates to choose a model to analyze the financial viability of banks will result in suboptimal model performance. We find that model performance is directly related to assumptions regarding the relative costs of Type I and Type II errors. Our results indicate that if it is assumed that Type I errors are more costly than Type II errors, then a categorical learning neural network minimizes the overall cost associated with assessing the financial condition of banks.

STONE Score Performs Poorly in External Validation Study

STONE score The STONE score (see table) is a clinical decision rule designed to categorize risk in patients with suspected nephrolithiasis (NEJM JW Emerg Med Jun 2014 and BMJ 2014; 348:g2191). The authors of the original study found that a high score (10–13 points) could “rule in” renal colic with sufficient confidence that further testing would be unnecessary. Now, researchers evaluated its performance in a secondary analysis of …

Commentary on Tenureland

Commentary on Tenureland

Care pathway networks as a guideline for people with Dementia in Taiwan.

Dementia is a syndrome characterized by the progressive decline in cognitive function and memory that impairs a person's ability to function normally. Although dementia mainly affects older people, it is not a normal part of aging. The population of Taiwan is experiencing a multi-decade ageing trend and regrettably the absolute numbers of people with dementia is also rapidly rising. In 2008, the Taiwan Government initiated a ``Ten-Year Long-term Care Plan'' to categorize dementia's disability and severity, and it evaluates access to home care, respite care services, daycare or home nursing care. This review figure out the features of the features of ``Taiwan Dementia Policy: A Framework for Prevention and Care'' and discuss care pathway network as a guideline for people with dementia in Taiwan. The expectation is for many Taiwanese providers and patients in need simply don't know what services are available or how to access them. A properly designed dementia website could be one such effective tool to meet this need. There is an ongoing risk that future resources allocated will not reach the intended individuals unless this implementation problem is addressed urgently.

PHS49 - Novel approach to categorizing costs of patients Experiencing Seizures

PHS49 - Novel approach to categorizing costs of patients Experiencing Seizures

Pneumonia and empyema: causal, casual or unknown.

Parapneumonic effusions complicating pneumonia are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Along with increased mortality, complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema often necessitate prolonged treatment, longer hospital stay and interventions. Parapneumonic effusions arise from inflammation in the lungs and pleural space from direct invasion of bacteria, cascade of inflammatory events and bacteriologic virulence features. Patient factors and comorbidities also contribute to the pathophysiology of parapneumonic effusion development. The evolution of parapneumonic effusion can be divided into three progressive stages: (I) exudative stage; (II) fibrinopurulent stage; and (III) organizing stage with pleural peel formation. These stages can help categorize effusions into groups in order to evaluate the risk of a complicated course requiring intervention. We recommend that clinical data be evaluated and a stepwise approach be taken in management of these patients. This review article discusses current understanding of the development and relationship of parapneumonic effusions with pneumonia.

Analysis of Stock Volatility Clustering Using ANN

The model building theories broadly categorize the stock index forecasting models into two broad categories: Based on statistical theory consisting models such as Stochastic Volatility model SV and...

Another Reason Not to Test for CYP2D6

The CYP2D6 enzyme metabolizes tamoxifen to its active metabolite endoxifen. Earlier small studies have suggested that genotyping could categorize patients as extensive, intermediate, or poor metabolizers of tamoxifen. By extension, the hypothesis was that patients would derive different benefits from tamoxifen depending on their ability to metabolize it. However, multiple studies analyzing tumor tissue and clinical outcomes from large adjuvant endocrine trials have …

Conceptual analysis of a diverse set of healthcare quality indicators.

Computerisation of quality indicators for the English National Health Service currently relies primarily on queries and clinical coding, with little use of ontologies. We investigated attributes and relationships in a diverse set of over 200 healthcare quality indicators, categorising by clinical pathway, inclusion and exclusion criteria and Institute of Medicine purpose. Our results, some of which are described in this paper, were used to create an ontology that could reduce duplication of effort in healthcare quality monitoring.

Investigating the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational performance in the University of Applied science and Technology

Abstract. Achievement of an organization depends on its ability to manage intellectual capital in order to increase organizational value. This study can help authorities of educational systems and educational planners to provide the basis of increasing growth and development of the holly system of Islamic Republic of Iran. University of Applied science and Technology is one of the academic units where plays an important role to grow up human resources as one of the main elements of intellectual and organizational capital. Thus, considering the importance of these two components and since there has not been any research in this respect, performing this kind of research seemed to be necessary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational performance in the University of Applied science and Technology. The method used in this study was a correlation type research. Population of the research consisted of all human resources employed in University of Applied science and Technology staff, including official staff of managers (71 individuals) and non- managers (307 individuals). Based on Cochran formula, 196 individuals were selected. In order to collect data, organizational performance questionnaire that was designed by Hersey and Goldsmith (2001) with reliability coefficient 86% and also intellectual capital questionnaire by Bontis (1998) with reliability coefficient 0.84 were applied. Summarizing and categorizing data, descriptive statistics and analyzing data, Pearson correlation coefficient, using SPSS 17 with significant level ≤0/01were applied. Results of the research showed that there was a positive correlation between communication capital and organizational performance (r= 0.504, p< 0.05), human resources and organizational performance(r= 0.492, p< 0.05), structural capital and organizational performance (r= 0.521, p< 0.05) and intellectual capital and organizational performance (r= 0.530, p< 0.05) of University of Applied science and Technology.

Teachers´ Practices and Mental Models: Transformation Through Reflection on Action

Fil: Manrique, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Psicologia Matematica y Experimental Dr. Horacio J. A. Rimoldi; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofia y Letras; Argentina

Chronic grief: experiences of working parents of children with chronic illness.

Parents of children with chronic illness experience multiple stressors associated with their numerous roles. For parents who are working full time and caring for a child with chronic illness, the stressors related to managing work and caring responsibilities are magnified. Although the impact of caring for a child with chronic illness has been widely investigated, the literature reveals a paucity of research on the experiences of parents who are also in full time employment. This paper shares qualitative findings of a study involving interviews of twelve parents who were working full time while caring for a child with chronic illness. Data was collected through in-depth semi structured interviews and thematic analysis was then used to develop and categorise themes. Two intertwined themes are reported: (1) grief and (2) dealing with professionals. In this study, parents revealed the chronic grief they experienced in relation to their child's condition, which often recurred at various stages of the child's illness. The child's initial diagnosis was found to be the most stressful part of the grieving process, with most feeling their voices as parents were not being heard or valued by health professionals at this time. This affected parents' confidence in the health care system and triggered the re-emergence of grief, aggravating an already stressful situation. The findings illustrate that the grief experienced by these parents can be exacerbated by their dealings with health professionals. Implications for various health professionals are drawn from the findings in order to highlight avenues where guidance and support can be provided to these parents.

A framework for addressing implementation gap in global drowning prevention interventions: experiences from Bangladesh.

Drowning is the commonest cause of injury-related deaths among under-five children worldwide, and 95% of deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where there are implementation gaps in the drowning prevention interventions. This article reviews common interventions for drowning prevention, introduces a framework for effective implementation of such interventions, and describes the Saving of Lives from Drowning (SoLiD) Project in Bangladesh, which is based on this framework. A review of the systematic reviews on drowning interventions was conducted, and original research articles were pulled and summarized into broad prevention categories. The implementation framework builds upon two existing frameworks and categorizes the implementing process for drowning prevention interventions into four phases: planning, engaging, executing, and evaluating. Eleven key characteristics are mapped in these phases. The framework was applied to drowning prevention projects that have been undertaken in some LMICs to illustrate major challenges to implementation. The implementation process for the SoLiD Project in Bangladesh is used as an example to illustrate the practical utilization of the framework. Drowning interventions, such as pool fencing and covering of water hazards, are effective in high-income countries; however, most of these interventions have not been tested in LMICs. The critical components of the four phases of implementing drowning prevention interventions may include: (i) planning-global funding, political will, scale, sustainability, and capacity building; (ii) engaging-coordination, involvement of appropriate individuals; (iii) executing-focused action, multisectoral actions, quality of execution; and (iv) evaluating-rigorous monitoring and evaluation. Some of the challenges to implementing drowning prevention interventions in LMICs include insufficient funds, lack of technical capacity, and limited coordination among stakeholders and implementers. The SoLiD Project in Bangladesh incorporates some of these lessons and key features of the proposed framework. The framework presented in this paper was a useful tool for implementing drowning prevention interventions in Bangladesh and may be useful for adaptation in drowning and injury prevention programmes of other LMIC settings.

Advanced performance evaluation system for existing concrete bridges

The management of existing concrete bridges has become a major social concern in many developed countries due to the large number of bridges exhibiting signs of significant deterioration. This problem has increased the demand for effective maintenance and renewal planning. In order to implement an appropriate management procedure for a structure, a wide array of corrective strategies must be evaluated with respect to not only the condition state of each defect but also safety, economy and sustainability. This paper describes a new performance evaluation system for existing concrete bridges. The system evaluates performance based on load carrying capability and durability from the results of a visual inspection and specification data, and describes the necessity of maintenance. It categorizes all girders and slabs as either unsafe, severe deterioration, moderate deterioration, mild deterioration, or safe. The technique employs an expert system with an appropriate knowledge base in the evaluation. A characteristic feature of the system is the use of neural networks to evaluate the performance and facilitate refinement of the knowledge base. The neural network proposed in the present study has the capability to prevent an inference process and knowledge base from becoming a black box. It is very important that the system is capable of detailing how the performance is calculated since the road network represents a huge investment. The effectiveness of the neural network and machine learning method is verified by comparing diagnostic results by bridge experts.

Anti-Neoliberal Struggles in the 21st Century: Gramsci Revised

The dominance of neoliberalism in the past three decades suggests the capacity of capitalism to adapt and restructure itself in periods of crisis and to curb progressive movements that threaten its hegemony. Yet social movements that challenge neoliberalism continue to emerge, sending hopeful signs of its potential demise by ushering in progressive governments that often appear to fall short of expectations. Building off the growing body of research that utilizes Gramscian theory to categorize neoliberalism as a passive revolution, I examine the concept of anti-passive revolution with empirical data to propose a theory of resistance against neoliberalism. The empirical data comes from two movements against neoliberalism: the coalition that challenged the privatization of water in Cochabamba, Bolivia in 2000; and, the movement that challenged the results of the Mexican presidential election in 2006. By examining the trajectories of these movements over a timespan of several years, I identify the empirical conditions for a theory of anti-passive revolution, and the potential for such processes to challenge the hegemony of the passive revolution represented by neoliberalism

Economic Citizenship and Socio-Economic Rationality as Foundations of an Appropriate Economic Education

In this article we argue that social science education needs to convey more than operational mechanisms of society. Especially in socio-economic education, questions of business ethics, i.e. phenomena of economics and society need to be integrated and reflected, decidedly focusing on the moral content of economics. With the introduction of economic citizenship as the ideal economic actor to be the purpose of economic education, this paper proposes that economic education needs to connect economic expertise and moral judgment and should also allude to the necessity of every market action’s conditional legitimization by society. We propose to discuss different ‘sites’ of morality as a heuristic approach to the different areas of economic responsibility. The individual, organizational and political level of responsibility helps to categorize the different moral issues of economic activity and serves as a great pattern to explain economic relations to scholars and students.