Categories Of Population Research Articles

The Use of Blockchain Technology and Its Reflection in the Financial Performance of Investment Projects Developed by the Ministry of Sports

Blockchain has received a lot of attention in financial technology, as it combines many computer technologies, including data storage, point-to-point transmission, and consensus mechanisms, as it is considered a decentralized technology for managing transactions and data that has been developed. The study aimed to demonstrate the impact of the use of blockchain technology on the financial performance of investment projects developed by the Ministry of Sports. We used the descriptive approach (survey study method) as an appropriate method to achieve the objectives of the study due to the suitability of its procedures. The participants in the study included some leaders of the Ministry of Sports and experts in the field of sports investment, as well as some leaders working in the directorates of youth and sports, and some members of the board of directors of the Olympic Committee, sports federations, sports clubs, and youth centers. The study sample was selected in a deliberate way based on the categories of the study population. There were 300 participants in the study, and the researchers used two questionnaires as tools to collect the data. The results revealed a lack of the use of blockchain technology at the Ministry of Sports and a low level of financial performance at the Ministry of Sports. With a correlation between the level of financial performance and the use of blockchain technology, the level of the financial performance of the investment projects developed by the Ministry of Sports could be predicted based on the use of blockchain technology. Finally, the study also provides insight into political implications, limitations, and future directions.

A model for predicting determinants factors for NEETs rates: Support for the decision-makers

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the determining factors of the high levels of NEETs both in EU member states and in partner countries, to support policy steering and increase socio-economic cohesion. The use of longitudinal data (2005–2020) from Eurostat and World Bank databases and selected and the testing of a number of 19 factors likely to influence the rate of NEETs show us that the effectiveness of public policy solutions focused on this category of population increases when complex factors and not singular elements are targeted. From a methodological point of view, we will use MARS models and fixed effects panel models. To account for countries’ heterogeneity, these models are applied to homogeneous groups of countries, identified through cluster analysis. Social cohesion and sustainability measures for policy steering have higher chances if the action of the responsible institutions targets both meso and macro levels, if it acts not only on a factor but also on the causes that favor its manifestation. Our analysis demonstrated that the measures aimed at increasing the chances of NEETs in order to facilitate their access to education, the labor market, and social inclusion must be coordinated with those of support for combating poverty and any type of exclusion, the support given to employers (subsidizing jobs, for example), the family and the community to which the young person belongs or local authorities. Also, the research results show us that there are more common elements between countries when we analyze the factors likely to increase the rate of NEETs than when we focus on their analysis by geographical criteria, based on EU membership status or EU partner status, etc.

Socio-institutional reintegration characteristics of hybrid war veterans

The article considers the main areas of social work with veterans of the hybrid war. An analysis of scientific works on the research problem has been carried out in order to determine the main directions of social work with veterans. The results of an empirical study conducted in the form of a questionnaire have been presented. The results of the survey on determining the needs of veterans have formed the basis of the developed areas of social work with this category of clients. The purpose of the research, covered in the article, is to identify the problems of veterans of the hybrid war and to develop directions for social work with this category of clients. The main tasks are as follows: to analyze the leading scientific works on the research problem and substantiate the conceptual provisions of the problem of social work with veterans; to identify socio-psychological features of hybrid war veterans; to investigate the problems of hybrid war veterans as a basis for developing areas of social work with this population category. Achieving the set goal and solving research tasks has been carried out using theoretical, empirical and statistical methods of data processing. The conclusions confirm that the identified problems of hybrid war veterans can be grouped into the following groups: social, physiological, personal, legal and psychological. The determined socio-psychological characteristics of veterans give grounds for asserting that this category of clients needs the development of innovative directions of social work with this category of clients. Based on the results of the research, we have developed directions for social work with veterans of the hybrid war: social-legal, social-medical, social-pedagogical, psychological-social. The novelty of the research lies in the determination of actual problems of hybrid war veterans and their socio-psychological characteristics, which is the basis for the development of directions for social work with hybrid war veterans.

The Relationship between Organizational Stress and Psychological Well-Being- A Longitudinal Mediation Model

Introduction. Most of the specialized studies carried out at the level of the gendarme military population investigate the stress they face in theaters of operations. There is very little peacetime activity and research investigating the impact of operational stress has not been encountered to date. The present study analyzed the longitudinal relationship between operational stress faced by military gendarmes in South-Eastern Europe and psychological well-being. Also, the mediating effects of social support and coping strategies were addressed: seeking social support, positive refocusing and self-control, in the previously mentioned relationship. Methodology. The study investigated the relationship between organizational stress, measured at T1, and psychological well-being, measured four months later, at T2. Furthermore, the mediating role of social support and coping strategies, assessed at both T1 and T2, was examined. Results. Organizational stress significantly negatively predicts psychological well-being. Social support, measured at both T1 and T2, is a significant partial mediator of the relationship between operational stress, measured at T1, and psychological well-being, measured at T2. Self-control, measured at T2, is a partial mediator in the relationship between operational stress, measured at T1, and psychological well-being, measured at T2. Discussions and conclusions. The obtained results guide mental health specialists who work in military units towards the consolidation of intervention programs aimed at the development of social support, in order to reduce the stress felt by this population category.

Dostępność wymiaru sprawiedliwosci w sprawach cywilnych dla osób uprzywilejowanych (doświadczenia meksykańskie)

In this article basic legal and social problems connected with the access to justice are discussed, for the category of population of Mexico which the Author names the „underpriviledged”. Analising the evolution of Mexican legislation, opinions presented in the legal doctrine as well as the results of empirical studies, the Author presents the shortcomings of Mexican civil procedure as far as protection of underpriviledged is concerned. The Author stresses the fact that Mexican civil procedure stays behind brisk socio-economic changes which took place in this country. The civil procedure based on traditional principle of free exercise by the parties of their rights does not allow for the court’s activity aimed at finding out objective truth. According to the Author’s opinion proceedings before the court constitute a „bastion of liberal capitalism” in which „all cases are adjudicated taking into account contractual freedom of the parties”. Thus; they create no effective mechanism of adjudicating typical cases resulting from new structure of socio-economic relations. While analising the data gathered in results of empirical studies, the Author stresses the fact that „legal aid” for the poor” is only an illusion. First of all, these persons rarely turn to the courts seeking protection of their rights. Also the length and the costs of proceedings in civil law suits are very disadvantageous to them as well as negative effect of such proceedings in most cases. This corroborates an opinion widely spread among the poorer groups of Mexican population that „justice is only for the rich”.

Using a Multidimensional Statistical Approach to Evaluate Diversity Trends Among U.S. Neurology Residents Between 2008–2020 (S13.001)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To develop a multidimensional statistical model to quantify diversity within neurology residency. <h3>Background:</h3> Studies have demonstrated the benefits of diversity in medicine. However, recruitment and retention within neurology consistently lags behind other medical specialties. While demographics of neurology graduates has been studied, no statistical models exist to objectively assess diversity among graduates entering into the neurological workforce. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Demographics of neurology residents between 2008–2020 across 3 categories (sex, medical school affiliation, race/ethnicity) was measured. Within each category, <i>μ</i> (the probability that two randomly individuals represent a different sex, medical school affiliation [US MD, DO, IMG, or Canadian], or race/ethnicity), and true diversity, <i>D</i> (the effective number of equally populated categories per variable), were calculated. All 3 categories were combined using the Sullivan composite diversity index (CDI) to produce <i>A</i>_<i>w</i> (the proportion of attributes on which two random residents will differ). Linear regressions of <i>D</i> for each variable across time was calculated. <h3>Results:</h3> There were an average of 2,326 residents/year, with 36% female, 95% US MD graduate, and 70% White. The probability that two random residents represented a different: sex was 49.6%; medical school affiliation was 56.4%; and racial/ethnic group was 60.9%. This corresponded to an effective number of 1.98 sexes, 2.29 medical school types, and 2.56 races/ethnicities. True diversity <i>D</i> increased over time for medical school affiliation only (+0.016/year), while <i>D</i> remained constant for sex and race/ethnicity. Lastly, two random residents differed on about 55.6% of all attributes (<i>A</i>_<i>w</i>), suggesting relative heterogeneity. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Both sexes are nearly equally represented across neurology residents, and neurology residency programs were represented by effectively two different medical school affiliations. However, despite the presence of seven races in the population, neurology residents were only as diverse as a cohort with 2.5 equally represented races. Leaders in neurology should consider additional strategies to improve the neurology residency recruitment. <b>Disclosure:</b> Mr. Persad-Paisley has received research support from NIH National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute (NHLBI) . Ms. Paracha has nothing to disclose. Ms. Moges has nothing to disclose. Dr. Daruvala has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mahta has nothing to disclose. The institution of Dr. Ayub has received research support from Brown Physicians Incorporated.

Epidemiological Profile of 60-year-old Drug Addicts at the Center for Integrated Addiction Care at Fann Hospital from 2015 to 2019

Studies on the use of psychoactive substances among the elderly are almost non-existent and yet ageing alone could be a determinant of addiction to these substances for this category of population. Our work consists in determining the epidemiological profile of people aged 60 years and over who use psychoactive substances and who are followed up at the integrated addiction management center of the Fann University Hospital in Dakar. This was a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical cross-sectional study of people aged 60 years and older who were followed up at the integrated addiction management center during the period from March 1, 2015 to August 1, 2019. The proportion of elderly people was 6% with a male predominance (91.4%). The majority of users was urban (71.4%), lived with their families (74.3%), and had stayed abroad (65.7%). Only 0.3% of the users started using APS after the age of 60 and the majority of them had been abroad (80.4%). Heroin was the most used drug (50%), with the determinants being a stay abroad and an urban environment, whereas for cannabis it was the absence of a stay abroad and a rural environment. Dependence was severe for 91.3% of the users. Psychiatric comorbidity concerned 15% of the users, dominated by depressive and anxiety disorders, while somatic comorbidity was 42.1%, dominated by viral and metabolic diseases. Withdrawal had concerned only 7.1% of users. The prescribed treatment consisted only of methadone for (32.9%) of the users. Elderly people using psychoactive substances had started this consumption before the age of 60 years and recommendations were formulated for their protection against these substances. Key words: elderly people, psychoactive substances, addiction, integrated addiction care center, Fann Hospital in Dakar.

Visual Aid Systems from Smart City to Improve the Life of People with Low Vision

In the current time, the development of urban centers is a very complex process in terms of new residential or administrative building locations expansion, but also in terms of design and/or the combination of the constructions with the environment. In the same context, the various transport development, communication or social activities facilities require an important database and an infrastructure to ensure and satisfy the population needs at the highest level. Accordingly, interest has developed in the smart cities (SC) concept creation with connection possibilities over extended geographical areas. This paper addresses a problem related to the preparation and ensuring the development of Brasov city as a smart city, with the possibility of finding solutions for low-vision people’s mobility and opening even more access to the city’s infrastructure. The paper’s main objectives and contributions are represented by the current considerations provision for ensuring functionality as a smart city by identifying the involvement points of the administrative system and, respectively, by introducing technical solutions for the low-vision people inclusion, having their mobility as a central element. The research results reveal the capacity and flexibility of permanent adaptation actions of public administrative and educational/research institutions to different population categories (with or without disabilities, active or retired, etc.) requirements regarding inclusion and mobility.

Strengthening the biokinetics workforce for improved services: A human resources for health review from 2000 to 2020.

Biokinetics is a South African (SA) health profession within the private health care sector. Biokineticists register with the Health Professions Council of SA (HPCSA). To describe the demographic trends of HPCSA registered biokineticists from 2000 to 2020 to understand the supply and status of human resources for health within the profession. The following data were collected and analysed: i) health personnel category, ii) geographical location, iii) age, iv) sex, and v) population category. The number of HPCSA registered biokineticists grew from 136 in 2000, to 1831 in January 2020 (67.8% women, 32.2% men). There was a sharp decline in numbers after the age of 45 years. The Western Cape (5.8) and Gauteng (5.1) provinces had the most biokineticists per 100 000 of the population, whilst smaller provinces like Kwazulu-Natal (1.6), Mpumalanga (1.6), North-West (1.6) and Limpopo (0.9) lagged. The demographic profile of registered Biokineticists changed steadily from 2000 to 2020. Registered biokineticists classified as White decreased from 91.6% to 80.4%, whilst substantial increases were observed among Black (5.0% to 8.3%), Coloured (0.02% to 5.3%) and Indian/Asian (0.02% to 6.0%) biokineticists. Thirteen tertiary institutions offered Biokinetics programmes in 2022. Seven offered the 3+1-year (Honours) programme and six have migrated to a 4-year professional degree. The profession is well established, growing, and dominated by women. The demographic profile has transformed steadily; however, the need to transform the profession remains strong. Strengthening investments aimed at the employment of biokineticists in the public health sector may serve as a key turning point for healthcare workforce planning.

Young adults’ experience of housing and real estate chatbots in India: effort expectancy moderated model

PurposeThis study aims to recognize the role of information system (IS) model on young adults’ experience of housing and real estate chatbots. This model of IS takes into account the quality of information, the quality of system and the quality of service.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a sample frame for analysis which comprises young adult population in India, i.e. between the ages of 18 and 35. A questionnaire consisting of five components was used to collect information in a structured manner. The 386 responses thus collected were analysed using the structural equation model.FindingsIt was found that there is a significant influence of the quality of information, quality of system and quality of service on young adults’ experience of housing and real estate chatbots. The findings also showed that there is moderation role of effort expectancy between the quality parameters and young adults’ user experience of housing and real estate chatbots.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focusses exclusively on the young adults from various parts of India. Future research can consider larger population categories across age groups and across sectors employing chatbots.Practical implicationsThis study will enable in-depth understanding of IS model – quality dimensions’ relation with the user experience. In particular, housing and real estate organisations will profit from the expanded usage of artificial intelligence through chatbots for user correspondence and communication.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is first of its kind, as it investigates how IS model – quality dimensions affect the young adults’ experience of housing and real estate chatbots in India. This study also ventures into identifying the moderation role of effort expectancy between the quality dimensions as per IS model and young adults’ experience of housing and real estate chatbots. This study will be useful for the stakeholders of housing and real estate industry.

140 Scoping Review of the Health Effects of Youth Due to the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Use the World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program Health Effects Library to identify the breadth and depth of research on the health effects of youth due to exposures from the events of September 11, 2001, to track the research trajectories by study population, and to identify gaps and define needs for future research. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We selected references from the WTC Health Effects Library. This curated library includes research publications that measure, report, or discuss health effects of 9/11 at the three disaster sites. Articles included had to evaluate people under 18 years old on 9/11/2001, including those in-utero. Of the 1,813 references considered, 195 were included in our study. Data from each reference was extracted using DistillerSR software and organized in four topics: overview, methods, conditions, and results. Each publication was abstracted independently by a team of two health scientists and conflicts were resolved by the four-person team. All data was then exported from DistillerSR into Microsoft Excel for analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The 195 articles included were published between 2002 through 2021, of which 29 were funded by the WTC Health Program. The study population represented ranged from in-utero to 18 years old. Research trajectories will be developed by assessing chronological research by outcome groups (physical, mental and behavioral, interventions, and biomarkers), study population categories, as well as exposure location and mechanism. Demographic data extracted will be used to assess whether there are disparities in the research conducted to date for this population and if so, in what areas. Research recommendations and clinical implication extracted from references will be used to assess whether more recent research has addressed research from the early post 9/11 years. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: WTC research strengthens our understanding of 9/11 health effects and provides a way to improve healthcare for the people afflicted from 9/11 exposures. The anticipated results from this scoping review can lead us to identify past research challenges and current knowledge gaps that the Program can address in future research grants.

Social support of veterans of the Russian-Ukrainian war and their families during the war and post-war period

The increase in the number of veterans/veterans in connection with the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine has exacerbated the issue of developing effective mechanisms for their social support at the state level. The article offers its own understanding of the content of social support; the results of the study of the available domestic and foreign experience in the organization of social support for veterans in the activities of primary state and communal institutions are highlighted; the work prospects of state and communal institutions of relevant ministries (the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Veterans Affairs and the Ministry of Social Policy) regarding the implementation of social support for veterans of the Russian-Ukrainian war and their families were developed and highlighted. It is noted that social support is a set of activities, programs and services provided by local authorities, public organizations and other institutions or organizations with the aim of facilitating the process of reintegration and ensuring a dignified life for veterans/veterans and their family members. It was determined that the primary institutions for the organization and implementation of social support for the specified population category are three institutions: territorial recruitment and social support centers of the Ministry of Defense, territorial departments of the Ministry of Veterans Affairs, Centers for the provision of social services/Centers of social services of the Ministry of Social Policy, which are obliged it is necessary to clearly divide powers and take responsibility for the implementation of social support for veterans/veterans and their family members.

11. Un « syndrome gitan » ? L’épuration extrajudiciaire et les « nomades » en Lozère

This article focuses on a neglected phenomenon: the extralegal purges during the Liberation in Loz&#232;re, where numerous Sinti, Gypsies, and Travellers were killed. Assigned to fixed places of residence in this department since April 1940, people belonging to the French administrative category of &#8220;Nomad&#8221; were victims of various exactions by Resistance fighters between July and September 1944. After tracing the events that led to arrests and executions, the article attempts to understand why such hatred fell upon on this category of the French population at that time.

Reforming the legislation on delivery of social services through social orders in the context of building a social state in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the analysis of certain provisions of a new version of the Law of Ukraine «On Social Services» embracing the procedure for delivery of social services through social orders in the context of building a social state in Ukraine.&#x0D; A state with a developed civil society, a high level of social protection for citizens and, in particular, support for vulnerable categories of its population and individuals finding themselves in difficult life circumstances when fighting against the global pandemic of acute respiratory disease COVID-19 and military actions, as well as appropriate provision of social services (including through social orders) in accordance with international quality standards, may be considered as a social state.&#x0D; Ukraine encounters many problems when building a social, lawful and democratic European-style state. The main problem is the world economic crisis that has not bypassed Ukraine and has been going on for a long time. Moreover, Ukraine had to face and fight another «global emergency» – the worldwide pandemic of the acute respiratory disease COVID-19. In addition, a destructive war is still raging on in Ukraine with martial law being imposed within its territory. All these factors have a negative impact on development of the Ukrainian economy and result in decreasing business activity, growth of prices, decreasing wages and number of employees, etc. leading to deterioration in the quality of life of Ukrainians. As a result, we can observe an increasing number of vulnerable categories of the Ukrainian population who find themselves in difficult life circumstances and need social protection, in particular, provision of social services through social orders.&#x0D; The Law of Ukraine «On Social Services» No. 2671-VIII dated January 17, 2019 is the main legislative act dealing with provision of social services through social orders. It does not establish a detailed procedure for providing social services through social orders, however, among others, it contains a separate article 26 covering the main aspects of the procedure for providing social services through social orders (which was absent in a previous version of the said Law), in particular, with respect to financing, deadlines of competitions related to delivery of social services, etc.

Global prevalence of sleep disorders during menopause: a meta-analysis.

Sleep disorders are conditions that have long-term effects on health, quality of sexual function, productivity at work, and overall quality of life. Considering that reports on menopausal sleep disorders are heterogeneous, the aim of this research was to determine the global prevalence of sleep disorders during menopause by meta-analysis. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, WoS, ScienceDirect, and Embase databases were checked with suitable keywords. All screening stages of articles were reviewed based on PRISMA and their quality was determined based on STROBE. Data analysis, examination of heterogeneity, and publication bias of factors affecting heterogeneity were performed in CMA software. The overall prevalence of sleep disorders among postmenopausal women was 51.6% (95% CI: 44.6-58.5%). The upper prevalence of sleep disorders was among postmenopausal women at 54.7% (95% CI: 47.2-62.1%). The upper prevalence of sleep disorders in the same population category was related to restless legs syndrome with a prevalence of 63.8% (95% CI: 10.6-96.3%). In this meta-analysis, sleep disorders during menopause were found to be common and significant. Therefore, it is recommended that health policymakers offer pertinent interventions in relation to the health and hygiene of sleep for women in menopause.

Categorizing People in the New States: A Comparative Study of Communist China and North Korea

AbstractWhat motivates states’ choice of social classification? Existing explanations highlight scientific beliefs of modern states or social engineering by ideological regimes. Focusing on the initial state-building period of two Communist regimes, China and North Korea, this article complements the existing literature and suggests that social classification reflects three missions of political leaders: regime distinction, governance, and power consolidation. Population categories are created to distinguish the new government from the old, to selectively provide welfare, and to attack political opponents. The varying weight of the missions and their manifestation in social classification depend on new ruling elites’ cohesion and past experiences. This comparative historical analysis sheds light on the rise of political chaos in China and the personalistic dictatorship in North Korea in the 1970s.

Decolonising Global Solidarity: The WHO’s Broken Alarm and Epidemiological Nationalism

The COVID-19 pandemic has traumatised world leaders, leading people to question the capability and accountability of global health governance. Against this background, we have heard multiple calls to strengthen ‘solidarity’ within and between states – which, weirdly, is practised by keeping a distance from ‘Others’ through, for instance, social distancing, lockdowns, and border control. In this paper, I first introduce the post-World War II international pandemic response regime, especially the International Health Regulations 2005, using the multiple positions of the Republic of China and/or Taiwan to illustrate the prioritisation of national sovereignty over health justice. In and beyond this context, I conceptualise epidemiological nationalism, which contains three dimensions (territorial, affective, and epistemic) to critically examine the responses to COVID-19 from the WHO and different states. This concept enables us to analyse the solidarity-through-distancing practices from a decolonial perspective to deconstruct the contemporary global health regime. The regime is underpinned by the coloniality of modern epidemiology, which creates the hierarchies between nations and races imposed on the making and working of geographical, population, and disease categories by racialising diseases and response measures. Such racialisation practices vary in different contexts and are often tied to states’ securitisation practices, which justify the exclusion of minority communities.

Health Resort Medicine Development in Perm Krai before and after COVID-19 Pandemic: a Retrospective Study

AIM. To substantiate the prospects for health resort complex development in Perm Krai in terms of adaptation to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the use of therapeutic base of resorts in the region in the recovery and rehabilitation process. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Statistical data on the health resort complex state of the region, as well as the dynamics of individual groups of diseases for 2017–2021 were used. The research was conducted on the basis of philosophical methods, comparison, grouping, description, modeling. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The health complex of Perm Krai is traditionally well-developed, it operates on a rich hydro-mineral resource base, which allows to diversify the therapeutic profile and implement programs for the recovery, treatment and rehabilitation of the population after COVID-19 with long-term negative consequences and exacerbation of chronic and concomitant diseases. Regional health resorts indexes as a whole correspond to the negative trend of quantitative decline, which became especially noticeable in 2020 with subsequent gradual recovery. The profitability of the resorts of Perm Krai remains high, which suggests positive prospects for maintaining the sufficient supply and its focus not only on the residents of the region. The practice of state management of resort medicine shows that its systematic economic and fiscal support is needed, only in this case it will be possible to achieve significant coverage of the population with rehabilitation programs. First of all, there is a need for a regional strategy of the health resort complex development with clearly defined program measures. This should be done taking into account the experience of past planning with an analysis of the reasons why many indicators were not achieved. CONCLUSION. Health resort complex of the region has a developed resource and infrastructure potential, experience, traditions that allow to implement programs for prevention and recovery of various categories of population after suffering from the disease caused by COVID-19. Diversified therapeutic profiles of resorts can become the basis for the formation of an advanced base of resort medicine in the region and the Volga Federal District.

Pediatric post-discharge mortality in resource-poor countries: A protocol for an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

More than 50 countries, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, are not on course to meet the neonatal and under-five mortality target set by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the year 2030. One important, yet neglected, aspect of child mortality rates is deaths occurring during the post-discharge period. For children living in resource-poor countries, the rate of post-discharge mortality within the first several months after discharge is often as high as the rates observed during the initial admission period. This has generally been observed within the context of acute illness and has been closely linked to underlying conditions such as malnutrition, HIV, and anemia. These post-discharge mortality rates tend to be underreported and present a major oversight in the efforts to reduce overall child mortality. This review will explore recurrent illness following discharge through determination of rates of, and risk factors for, pediatric post-discharge mortality in resource-poor settings. Eligible studies will be retrieved using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases. Only studies with a post-discharge observation period of more than 7 days following discharge will be eligible for inclusion. Secondary outcomes will include post-discharge mortality relative to in-hospital mortality, overall readmission rates, pooled estimates of risk factors (e.g. admission details vs discharge factors, clinical vs social factors), pooled post-discharge mortality Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and outcomes by disease subgroups (e.g. malnutrition, anemia, general admissions). A narrative description of the included studies will be synthesized to categorize commonly affected patient population categories and a random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted to quantify overall post-discharge mortality rates at the 6-month time point. Post-discharge mortality contributes to global child mortality rates with a greater burden of deaths occurring in resource-poor settings. Literature concentrated on child mortality published over the last decade has expanded to focus on the fatal outcomes of children post-discharge and associated risk factors. The results from this systematic review will inform current policy and interventions on the epidemiological burden of post-discharge mortality and morbidity following acute illness among children living in resource-poor settings. PROSPERO Registration ID: CRD42022350975.

The prognostic value of ECOG performance status on overall survival among patients with metastatic prostate cancer: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis.

124 Background: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) has been shown to be a strong predictor of mortality among patients with advanced cancer. However, in metastatic prostate cancer, there has been heterogeneity in the literature regarding the strength of association between different ECOG categories and overall survival (OS). Therefore, we conducted a systematic search and meta-analysis of studies reporting on the prognostic value of ECOG PS on OS within the metastatic prostate cancer population. Methods: We performed a systematic search of the literature within the Medline (PubMed) database from inception until March 21st 2022. Both trials and real-world data (RWD) studies were included. Using a random-effects model, a meta-analysis pooling ECOG categories on OS was performed separately for metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and metastatic castrate sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) studies. We also stratified the analyses by prior use of chemotherapy and study type (RWD vs. Trial). Between-study heterogeneity was analyzed using the I2 statistic. Results: A total of 75 studies met the eligibility criteria, comprising of 32,298 patients. Nearly all studies (72 out of 75) were among patients with mCRPC, while the remaining three studies were among mCSPC patients. Overall, all ECOG PS categories were associated with OS, with the highest estimate observed among mCRPC patients with ECOG PS of ≥2 vs. &lt;2 ([HR] = 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.87 to 2.37). In secondary analyses, among mCRPC patients with ECOG PS of ≥1 vs. &lt;1, there was a significant difference according to study type (RWD: HR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.73 to 2.26 vs. trials HR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.54). There were no significant differences in the pooled HR of OS stratified by previous chemotherapy across all three ECOG PS categories. Conclusions: Overall, ECOG PS was a significant predictor of OS regardless of category, previous chemotherapy, and type of metastatic population, although differences were observed in RWD vs. trial populations. Additional studies are needed to quantify the association between ECOG PS and OS in the mCSPC population, as well as to better understand the role of ECOG PS on outcomes in RWD vs. trials of cancer treatments.