Context Categories Research Articles

Mapping the relationship between innovation, categories of knowledge and institutional context in an organisation

Las organizaciones son entidades sociales formadas por individuos con conocimientos en un contexto institucional. La innovación es un fenómeno social y económico (Schumpeter, 1935a) que repercute positivamente en las organizaciones y el crecimiento económico. En este artículo se describe la relación entre innovación, categorías de conocimiento y contexto institucional en una organización. El artículo examina las organizaciones innovadoras como aprovechadoras de oportunidades en un contexto institucional y entiende las innovaciones como el resultado de un proceso multidireccional en el que los individuos de la organización intercambian conocimientos articulados y no articulados. La innovación se convierte en un proceso de toma de decisiones (selección y variación) basado en los conocimientos de un individuo. Ese proceso tiene velocidad y dirección debido a su relación con el contexto institucional y las categorías de conocimiento. El documento concluye presentando un modelo conceptual para explicar la relación entre los conceptos estudiados. En él se integran las teorías de la innovación, la literatura sobre la economía del conocimiento y las perspectivas sociológicas. Palabras clave: intercambio de conocimiento; codificación del conocimiento; teoría de la innovación; oportunidades de innovación; cambio institucional; contexto institucional.

Lisansüstü Eğitim Gören Matematik Öğretmenlerinin Tasarladıkları Matematik Okuryazarlığı Sorularının İncelenmesi

This study aimed to examine the mathematical literacy questions designed by mathematics teachers with a postgraduate degree on mathematical literacy, in relation to the categories of mathematical content, real-life context, and mathematical processes, which are all defined as the dimensions of the PISA mathematical literacy framework. Another aim of the study is to investigate the appropriateness of the classifications made by mathematics teachers for the mathematical literacy questions they designed. The design of the study is a case study in qualitative research methods. The participants of the study consisted of six secondary school mathematics teachers, who had attended a postgraduate mathematical literacy course in Turkey. Data were obtained from eighteen questions on mathematical literacy designed by six participants and from the classifications made for the questions. As a result of the study, the majority of the questions designed by the participants turned out to fall in the category of ‘change and relationships’ and questions related to the real-life situations were mostly designed in the category of ‘personal’ context, with the least number of questions designed in the ‘scientific’ and ‘societal’ contexts. When the questions were examined in terms of the mathematical processes, most of them appeared to include all three categories of mathematical processes.

Policy Analysis of Healthy Community Movement (Germas) during Pandemi COVID-19 in Yogyakarta

The social environment, including policies, is one of the instruments to encourage health promotion toward a healthy life, preventing and controlling COVID-19. This was to analyze the content, process, content and policy actors related toThe Healthy Community Movement (Germas) and the prevention of COVID-19 in Yogyakarta.We apply a-qualitative research of policy. We apply rapid assessment procedures (RAP) using focus group discussion (FGD) and desk review to observe various of policy from the government website. Research conducted in Yogyakarta from March to May 2021. Data was analysis by qualitative content analysis based on content, process, context, and actor categories. Results showed that policies related to Germas already exist at all levels, both national, provincial and district/city locally. According to policy content, Germas was movement to promote the culture/behavior of healthy living based on community empowerment, that were 7 points were physical activity, consuming fruits and vegetables, not smoking, not consuming alcoholic beverages, early detection and medical examination routine, clean healthy and lifestyle, and using toilet. Base on process, there were national, provincial, and local policy level. At the national level there was presidential instructions, regulations of the minister of national development planning, while governor's, regent’s policy at level province and region respectively. Locally, some policy regulate special context on COVID-19 preventing and controlling to increase awareness of the risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection in Yogyakarta. The policy actors were all of local government organizations, universities, CSR, and community. The conclusion is The Special Region of Yogyakarta already has many policies covering various sectors of life to support the implementation of Germas in the pandemic era and has been carried out by stakeholders, CSR, universities, and all of government

Staying in bounds: A framework for setting workplace boundaries to promote physician wellness.

Staying in bounds: A framework for setting workplace boundaries to promote physician wellness.

Slow looking at still art: The effect of manipulating audio context and image category on mood and engagement during an online slow looking exercise.

Slow looking at still art: The effect of manipulating audio context and image category on mood and engagement during an online slow looking exercise.

EMPOLITICON: NLP and ML Based Approach for Context and Emotion Classification of Political Speeches From Transcripts

Political speeches have played one of the most influential roles in shaping the world. Speeches of the written variety have been etched into history. These sorts of speeches have a great effect on the general people and their actions in the coming few days. Moreover, if left unchecked, political personnel or parties may cause major problems. In many cases, there may be a warning sign that the government needs to change its policies and also listen to the people. Understanding the emotion and context of a political speech is important, as they can be early indicators or warning signs for impending international crises, alignments, wars and future conflicts. In our research, we have focused on the presidents/prime ministers of China, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States which are the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and classified the speeches given by them based on the context and emotion of the speeches. The speeches were categorized into optimism, neutral, joy or upset in terms of emotion and five context categories, which are international affairs, nationalism, development, extremism and others. Here, optimism is a secondary emotion, whereas joy and upset are primary emotions. Apart from classifying the speeches based on context and emotion, one of the major works of our research is that we are introducing a dataset of political speeches that contains 2010 speeches labelled with emotion and context of the speech. The speeches we have worked on are large in word count. We propose EMPOLITICON-Context, a soft voting classifier ensemble learning model for context classification and EMPOLITICON-Emotion, a soft voting classifier ensemble learning model for emotion classification of political speeches. The proposed EMPOLITICON-Context model has achieved 73.13% accuracy in terms of context classification and the EMPOLITICON-Emotion model has achieved 53.07% accuracy in classifying the emotion of the political speeches.

Body as a medium in the works of Maria Kylikovska

The article considers the topic of the body in art, its methods of use and the problem of its theoretical elaboration. The aim of the article is to study the body as a medium in the works of Maria Kulikovska. The choice of Maria Kulikowska’s work is not accidental, because she used the body both as a medium and as a pictorial object in one work, where we can observe exactly how these methods are combined. Also, Maria Kulikovska uses different visual categories of body, gender and context, sometimes combining them. The article marked the beginning of a certain systematization: the body is divided by visual categories, by sex / gender and by the context in which this body is used. The body-medium, which is the material in the work and participates in the creation of the works of art, and the body-pictorial, that is, what is reflected on the canvas, in sculpture, architecture, and so on. The article proves that the theme of the body in art is important and needs further study, systematization and establishment of new terms.

Using an ensemble learning framework to predict residential energy consumption in the hot and humid climate of Iran

To achieve the desirable energy conservation targets, it is important to use forecasting tools to predict the energy consumption based on several expected parameters. This study aims at developing an Ensemble Learning (ENL)-framework for predicting residential electricity consumption. Fifty parameters classified into categories of environmental, context and building, and occupant related factors in addition to time related and some extra inputs were considered for model development. A Random Forest (RF) algorithm was trained and tested for each one of the main input groups. Then, based on feature importance analysis, a combination of the most important parameters from these separated models was used to build a general model with 34 inputs. The results show that RF models based on building (RFC&B) or occupant parameters (RFOcc) are superior to the model based on environmental ones (RFEnv). Furthermore, RF model with a combination of environmental, building, and occupant-related inputs (RFCombined) has the best prediction performance with 0.99, 0.91, 101.80, 282.53, 159.53, and 456.31 values for RTrain2, RTest2, MAETrain, MAETest, RMSETrain, and RMSETest, respectively. Even with reducing inputs of the combined model to nine parameters, the model still shows an acceptable performance with R2 values of 0.98 and 0.89 for train and test sets. Moreover, comparison of feature selection results for RFCombined with the performance of separated models reveals that although RFC&B and RFOcc are superior to RFEnv, the importance of environmental parameters cannot be denied which indicates the strong role of providing thermal comfort in building energy consumption.

Relation between Experience Categories and Psychological Needs

Knowledge about human behaviour and motivation is essential for designing a positive user experience (UX). Theories of psychological needs have been profoundly researched and well-established in UX research. Experience categories are a rather new practical human-centred design method; they are not based on a psychological model, but instead on an empirical approach. Experience categories describe common positive experiences in a particular context. According to Hassenzahl, positive experiences result from the fulfilment of psychological needs. However, there has been no research on how experience categories and needs are associated. To fill this gap and enrich the knowledge about experience categories, we investigated which needs co-occur with them. In Study 1, we used a more general approach: experience categories of work context were operationalised with scenarios that were rated with a needs questionnaire. In Study 2, we aimed to replicate the findings of Study 1 in a more specific work context by investigating the relationship between experience categories and needs for an existing sample of experiences. Results show a consistent relationship between some experience categories and needs in both studies. Moreover, the need for competence was particularly relevant in the work context. Future studies should expand on this research to further work contexts.

Something borrowed, something new: Challenges in using qualitative methods to study under-researched international business phenomena

This article responds to calls for IB researchers to study a greater diversity of international business (IB) phenomena in order to generate theoretical insights about empirical settings that are under-represented in the scholarly IB literature. While this objective is consistent with the strengths of qualitative research methods, novel empirical settings are not always well aligned with methods that have been developed in better-researched and thus more familiar settings. In this article, we explore three methods-related challenges of studying under-researched empirical settings, in terms of gathering and analyzing qualitative data. The challenges are: managing researcher identities, navigating unfamiliar data gathering conditions, and theorizing the uniqueness of novel empirical settings. These challenges are integral to the process of contextualization, which involves linking observations from an empirical setting to the categories of the theoretical research context. We provide a toolkit of recommended practices to manage them, by drawing on published accounts of research by others, and on our own experiences in the field.

Functions of context in discourse analysis


 Context is the environment that forms discourse and is one of the key factors influencing discourse comprehension. Language communication is not conducted in a vacuum but a specific language environment. Context plays a vital role in discourse analysis. This paper investigated the development and categories of context and analyzed the disadvantage of the traditional way of discourse analysis without considering the context. Based on Hu's classification of context, this paper analyzed many discourse examples from textbooks, grammar books, and articles, and concluded the functions of each type of context in discourse analysis. Linguistic context can eliminate ambiguities, indicate the reference of endophora, predict ensuing content, help guess word meaning, and supplement omitted information in discourse analysis. Situational context plays the role of understanding illogical sentences, supplementing omitted information and filling the semantic vacancy, and understanding illocutionary force and reflecting speech acts in discourse analysis. The cultural context has the functions of explaining cultural connotations, filling the semantic vacancy, and building consistency of discourse in discourse analysis. Finally, enlightenment of functions of context in discourse analysis to language teaching and learning is provided.

Context-guided entropy minimization for semi-supervised domain adaptation

Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation has been widely studied with various approaches to address domain shift with labeled source-domain data combined with scarcely labeled target-domain data. Model adaptation is becoming promising with a paradigm of source pre-training and target fine-tuning, which eliminates the simultaneous availability of data from both domains and makes for data privacy. Among the model adaptation methods, Entropy Minimization (EM) is popularly incorporated to encourage a low-density separation on target samples. However, EM tends to brutally force models to make over-confident predictions, which could make the models collapse with deteriorated performance. In this paper, we first study the over-confidence of EM with a quantitative analysis, which shows the importance of capturing the dependency among labels. To address this issue, we propose to guide EM via longitudinal self-distillation. Specifically, we produce a dynamic “teacher” label distribution during training by constructing a graph on target data and perform pseudo-label propagation to encourage the “teacher” distribution to capture context category dependency based on a global data structure. Then EM is guided longitudinally by distilling the learned label distribution to combat the brute-force over-confidence. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods.

Darwin's tales-A content analysis of how evolution is presented in children's books.

In science, certain theories led to a paradigm shift in human being’s approach to explain nature, such as the theory of relativity, the quantum theory, and the theory of evolution. The latter explains the emergence of biodiversity on Earth and all living beings’ relatedness, including humans. Accordingly, evolutionary theory is a central part of scientific literacy. However, scholars have demonstrated that misconceptions emerging in childhood hinder learners from grasping evolutionary processes. Implementing evolution in early science education could enhance scientific ideas as a basis for subsequent learning at school. Currently, children’s literature that deals with evolution is increasing and may enable more children to encounter evolutionary theory before entering school. This explorative study aimed to analyze how children’s books about evolution approach explaining this complex topic to young children in terms of covered contents, underlying concepts and use of language. We conducted (1) a text-based qualitative content analysis of 31 children’s books in the categories of organismal context, evolutionary principles, and misconceptions, and (2) a computer-supported content analysis of 33 word labels concerning (a) scientific terms and (b) verbs expressing evolutionary change. Although evolution is a universal concept, children’s books seem to promote specific contexts such as animal and human evolution. Even though the principle of selection requires an understanding of complex interactions between individuals and environmental factors, this principle was more frequent than the principles variation and inheritance. Phylogenetic history was covered more often than basic evolutionary processes, and evolutionary change was mainly mentioned at the species level over long periods. Besides, most books conveyed misconceptions such as transformationist, teleological or anthropomorphic reasoning. Consequently, books covering evolution may bias children’s first ideas concerning this topic or introduce unscientific ideas. Based on our results, we propose implications for early evolution educators and education researchers.

A knowledge implementation model in health system management based on the PARIHS model

BackgroundThe gap between knowledge and practice, along with postponing or not implementing research findings in practice and policy-making, is one of the reasons for low-quality services. Hence, this study aimed at presenting a model of knowledge implementation in health system management in Iran.MethodsThe present two-phase study was first performed qualitatively using a directive content analysis approach based on the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) model. The researchers extracted the barriers and facilitators by conducting semi-structured individual interviews. Then, in a three-stage Delphi study, 25 health experts determined the barrier removal strategies. Data were analysed using MAXQDA10 software.Results The content analysis of the interviews led to the emergence of 1212 codes under three categories of evidence, context and facilitation. The findings indicate that health managers make fewer decisions based on research findings. Instead, they make decisions regarding the experiences of service providers and organization data. In addition to the subcategories in the PARIHS model, the researchers extracted political, social and administrative factors under the context category. The relationships between the features of evidence, context, facilitation, barriers and strategies were presented in the final model.Conclusion The presented model comprehensively emphasizes the evidence resources, context preparation, and facilitation of the knowledge implementation process.

Social Environments and Physical Activity Among Active Black Women.

To explore the social context of physical activity (PA) among active Black women, we examine the patterns of PA engagement and the benefits of social support in PA maintenance. A cross-sectional study design and descriptive phenomenological approach were used to examine social support and lived experiences of active Black women. The study setting was an online survey of active Black women, ages 21 to 71years who were recruited from across the United States. This secondary data analysis was conducted among a sample of 187 active Black women who maintained PA for ≥6months. The mean age was 41 ± 12.3years, 83.4% completed some college, 37.7% were married, and 30.0% had children. Participants self-reported 'with whom' they engaged in PA and provided qualitative responses about their strategies for PA maintenance. Descriptive statistics were used to examine between-group differences among demographic characteristics and PA variables by category of PA engagement using SAS 9.4. Descriptive phenomenology was used to explore social support themes across and within categories of PA engagement. On average, the active Black women in this study reported engaging in 57.0 ± 18.9 minutes of moderate intensity leisure-time PA per session. Most engaged in PA alone (n = 87), with a group (n = 72), or with another individual (n = 28). Social context themes within categories included: alone - self-management, groups - motivation and accountability, family - values health, and friends - shared interests in PA. Subthemes across social context categories included: who? - people, what and how? - types of social support, and where? - place of social support. Our findings suggest that some Black women may need added social support from others beyond family and friends, while other Black women may prefer additional self-management skills. Nonetheless, this study provides data for developing hypotheses about the mechanisms by which social context may facilitate PA maintenance among Black women. Therefore, intervention studies targeting PA maintenance among Black women should include an in-depth query of social support needs.

Measuring older people’s socioeconomic position: a scoping review of studies of self-rated health, health service and social care use

BackgroundThe challenges of measuring socioeconomic position in older populations were first set out two decades ago. However, the question of how best to measure older people’s socioeconomic position remains pertinent...

Classification of pig calls produced from birth to slaughter according to their emotional valence and context of production

Vocal expression of emotions has been observed across species and could provide a non-invasive and reliable means to assess animal emotions. We investigated if pig vocal indicators of emotions revealed in previous studies are valid across call types and contexts, and could potentially be used to develop an automated emotion monitoring tool. We performed an analysis of an extensive and unique dataset of low (LF) and high frequency (HF) calls emitted by pigs across numerous commercial contexts from birth to slaughter (7414 calls from 411 pigs). Our results revealed that the valence attributed to the contexts of production (positive versus negative) affected all investigated parameters in both LF and HF. Similarly, the context category affected all parameters. We then tested two different automated methods for call classification; a neural network revealed much higher classification accuracy compared to a permuted discriminant function analysis (pDFA), both for the valence (neural network: 91.5%; pDFA analysis weighted average across LF and HF (cross-classified): 61.7% with a chance level at 50.5%) and context (neural network: 81.5%; pDFA analysis weighted average across LF and HF (cross-classified): 19.4% with a chance level at 14.3%). These results suggest that an automated recognition system can be developed to monitor pig welfare on-farm.

Understanding the Context for Successful City Diplomacy: Attracting International Organisations

Summary To understand the factors that contribute to successful city diplomacy, this essay explores the example of how city diplomacy is used to attract international organisations. As soon as an international organisation (IO) starts looking for a location, local networks are formed and candidate host cities are selected internally. Cities benefit from hosting IOs, not only in worldwide reputation but also in economic growth. However, cities face increased competition and need improved strategies that are informed by a better assessment of contextual factors that affect a city’s international affairs. The ways in which cities co-operate with ministries and regional government levels when attracting IOs take different shapes and can be crucial for a successful outcome. This essay acknowledges three categories of context and introduces them as relational, discursive and instrumental in scope.

Lexico-stylistic analysis of Facebook postings on COVID-19 pandemic

COVID-19 has been a global menace, hence a lot of awareness is being created in order to defeat the global menace and this awareness is carried out through language. Previous studies exist on lexico-stylistic analysis and the most related one to the present study is the stylistic analysis of a selected election campaign speech of President Goodluck Jonathan. The study looks at the use of words in utterances and their effect in the speech from the lexical, figure of speech, cohesion and context categories perspectives. This current study differs from the previous study because it is not about an election campaign speech but rather it is centred on the role of language in fighting COVID-19 by examining Facebook postings through a lexico-stylistic approach. The study is anchored on the Linguistic and Stylistic Categories by Leech and Short. The survey design was used for the study and data for the study were collected by extracting postings on COVID-19 from the Facebook and this was limited to selected Facebook posts of June and July, 2021 due to time and financial constraints. The findings of the study show that COVID-19 postings on the Facebook are majorly characterised by simple words or words without affixation. They also show that medical registers, figures of speech and collocations are featured in the Facebook postings on COVID-19.

Factors Involved in the Food Choices of Diners in a Kibbutz Communal Dining Room Buffet: A Qualitative Study.

Improving nutrition improves health outcomes. Eating in a catering system may provide an environment for promoting healthy dietary choices. To map the factors that shape the food choices of diners who routinely eat in catering systems, we collected and analyzed qualitative data about diners’ perceptions of their food choices in communal dining rooms in three kibbutzim in Israel. From May to July 2014, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with 13 diners who ate at least three lunches per week in the kibbutz’s dining room. Data analysis followed thematic analysis principles. Two categories of themes emerged from the interviews. In the personal context category, the themes identified were eating as a task and attempts to control one’s eating. In the contextual aspects of eating in the catering system category, themes identified were eating in the dining room as a default, the characteristics of the food served, routine, and personal versus public aspects. The sub-theme of the diners’ freedom of choice emerged in the two categories of themes. Diners’ wishes of maintaining their freedom of choice may be an important contribution to the debate of whether catering systems should provide only healthy foods, which may jeopardize diners’ freedom of choice.