Related Categories Research Articles

Affectivity, sexuality, and autism spectrum disorder: qualitative analysis of the experiences of autistic young adults and their families

BackgroundAutistic people have communication, sensorial, and social difficulties, which on many occasions, make their adaptation on the sexual and affective levels difficult. For this reason, it is important to know the opinion of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their families, to offer this perspective to professionals to facilitate adapted health education programs in mental health units.MethodsThis qualitative descriptive design presents the experiences of autistic individuals and their families in relation to the affective-sexual experiences from individual, family, and social perspectives. Two focus group sessions were held with eight family members and seven individual semi-structured interviews with autistic young adults. The transcripts were qualitatively analysed using content analysis.ResultsFour themes (Family and social dynamic; Social behaviour of the autistic individual; Affective-sexual relationships; Addressing affective and sex education) and 13 related categories emerged from these results. Communication and social interaction problems act as barriers for young adults when developing affective-sexual relationships, leading to the emergence of negative feelings and experiences that reinforce avoidance behaviours, further intensifying their difficulties in interacting with others. Families, especially mothers, exhibit a poor perception of their ability to provide affective-sexual guidance, leading to anxiety and frustration. There are also reports of poor sex education and lack of support systems.Conclusions and implications for practiceThe experiences of young people and their families are sometimes conflicting when it comes to affectivity and sexuality, but the parental role emerges as relevant in the sex education process. Families play a pivotal role in sex education, which is why professionals should provide them with support and information through health education programmes, foster empathetic communication and promote sexual and emotional development that is adapted to the characteristics and interests of autistic people.

A phenomenon of environmental security: categorical and conceptual approaches in the context of public governance

The article analyzes the phenomenon of environmental safety as one of the most important issues of today’s reality, which reflects the impact of human activity in various fields on the surrounding natural environment, which is an acute and urgent problem of our time, which actualizes the need for scientific understanding of the phenomena and processes of both global environmental changes and direct human influence on the state of the environment in the context of public management and regulation of the processes of ensuring the environmental security of national states and the entire world community. The purpose of the research is to elaborate and systematize scientific categories, concepts and definitions of the sphere of public management and administration, related to the issues of ensuring environmental safety. Due to the wide scientific attention and the intensity of the disclosure of the problems of the phenomenon of ecological safety in the scientific discourse, there is an inevitable conflict in the interpretation and understanding of certain scientific categories and definitions of a logical chain of concepts related to the root concept, which in this case is ecological safety. A certain solution to this scientific contradiction is the disclosure of the interrelationship of the main definitions of the categorical-conceptual apparatus of public administration in the context of scientific attention to two interdependent and at the same time relatively independent branches of the root concept of “environmental safety”, where the first considers the safety of a person and his life activities, proposed in this article. and the second is security in the state dimension. Some academic discourse on environmental security issues demonstrates different approaches and visions of related categories and concepts, but is unified in the understanding that in the modern philosophy of public management, the cornerstone of effective management should be sustainable development based on caring for nature, reducing the anthropological burden on the noosphere, rational use of natural resources with a gradual transition from hydrocarbon energy to renewable, balanced human interaction with the living environment for future generations.

Interrelations between Perceptive-Cognitive Factors and Behavioural Variables to Level Diagnosis of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Relationships analysis between perceptual-cognitive factors and behavioural variables it makes up autism spectrum disorder (ASD) differential specific diagnosis, constitute a fundamental recurrent of currently research, then found data allow the construction of integrated evaluation scales to validate more complete and reliable diagnosis of people with ASD. The interdimensional diagnostic Scale has been applied and coded for 10 dimensions: 1) conceptual units, 2) signifiers, 3) hierarchy, 4) nodal relationships, 5) categorical relationships, 6) Recovery, 7) social interaction, 8) social communication, 9) stereotypical behaviours, and 10) restrictive behaviours. A total of 75 participants with ASD have participated in this study of three ASD´ intensity levels and different age intervals, from 3 years old. Data analyses focused along study the factorial analysis determinant (KMO and Bartlett's test) statistic, as well as, bivariate correlations analysis for three dimensions calculated statistically: "processing", "social" and "behaviours", show significant critical inter-relational levels (sig: .00), which allows conclude to existence of highly relationships between both variables group and their practical applications for consequent, reliable and valid diagnosis process. Finally, the statistical data of your application to perform the level diagnostic analysis is completed, through corresponding statistical percentage, means and standard deviations, to facilitate the ASD level 1-2-3 diagnostic way.

Study of hydrogen production from coal gasification in supercritical water

The coal supercritical water gasification technology is a new technology that directly converts coal into hydrogen, with advantages such as cleanliness, high efficiency, and low cost. With the global trend towards hydrogen energy development, the coal supercritical water gasification technology has broad application prospects. Research on this technology is significant for providing a new path for China's clean energy development, promoting sustainable development in the energy field, and contributing to global emission reduction and climate change response. This article analyzes the current development status of coal gasification technology, summarizes the related categories in four aspects: raw material selection, catalysts, reactors, and heating methods, and analyzes the unique advantages of each method. Based on this, a relatively efficient hydrogen production scheme is briefly selected. In addition, the future development trend of this technology is discussed. This article may provide a reference for clean energy development and the efficient utilization of coal resources.

Positive imagery in depressive suicidal patients: A randomized controlled trial of the effect of viewing loved ones’ photos on mood states and suicidal ideation

According to research, it has been suggested that individuals who are affected by depression could potentially engage in the creation and experience emotional advantages relating to positive events directed towards the past or future, with the condition that they are provided with suitable mental imagery techniques. The main aim of this study was to assess the impact of utilizing positive imagery, specifically through the utilization of photographs featuring loved ones, on mood states and suicidal ideation among individuals diagnosed with depression and exhibiting suicidal tendencies. This randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover trial was conducted among 78 hospitalized depressive patients at three psychiatric services between April and August 2019. The patients participated in four individual picture-viewing sessions on four consecutive days. The four categories of pictures were included: loved ones, neutral faces of strangers, natural landscapes, and optical illusions. Directly prior to and immediately following the observation of the visual stimuli (photographs), the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI) were completed by the patients. Repeated measures ANOVAs conducted in this study revealed a significant main effect of time on ratings of tension, depression, fatigue, vigor, calmness, and happiness (P values < 0.001). Additionally, statistically significant interactions were identified between picture category and time in relation to the variables of tension, depression, fatigue, vigor, calmness, and happiness (P values < 0.001). The analysis did not reveal a significant main effect of time on ratings of anger, confusion, and suicidal ideation (P values > 0.05). Likewise, the interaction between picture category and time did not yield significant results for the variables of anger, confusion, and suicidal ideation (P values > 0.05). The positive imagery procedure using the presentation of loved ones’ photos showed beneficial effects on the mood states of depressed patients. The findings of this study suggest that incorporating a greater emphasis on positive imagery within the context of clinical depression may offer potential advantages. This highlights the potential for novel opportunities in the treatment of depression. Trial registrationThe study has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (registration number: IRCT20180808040744N1; first registration date: December 22, 2018; website: https://en.irct.ir/trial/33186).

PLM-ARG: antibiotic resistance gene identification using a pretrained protein language model.

Antibiotic resistance presents a formidable global challenge to public health and the environment. While considerable endeavors have been dedicated to identify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) for assessing the threat of antibiotic resistance, recent extensive investigations using metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches have unveiled a noteworthy concern. A significant fraction of proteins defies annotation through conventional sequence similarity-based methods, an issue that extends to ARGs, potentially leading to their under-recognition due to dissimilarities at the sequence level. Herein, we proposed an Artificial Intelligence-powered ARG identification framework using a pretrained large protein language model, enabling ARG identification and resistance category classification simultaneously. The proposed PLM-ARG was developed based on the most comprehensive ARG and related resistance category information (>28K ARGs and associated 29 resistance categories), yielding Matthew's correlation coefficients (MCCs) of 0.983 ± 0.001 by using a 5-fold cross-validation strategy. Furthermore, the PLM-ARG model was verified using an independent validation set and achieved an MCC of 0.838, outperforming other publicly available ARG prediction tools with an improvement range of 51.8%-107.9%. Moreover, the utility of the proposed PLM-ARG model was demonstrated by annotating resistance in the UniProt database and evaluating the impact of ARGs on the Earth's environmental microbiota. PLM-ARG is available for academic purposes at https://github.com/Junwu302/PLM-ARG, and a user-friendly webserver (http://www.unimd.org/PLM-ARG) is also provided.

The Role of ePortfolios in Formative Assessment: A Systematic Literature Review

In educational settings, formative assessment is used to determine the status of students and foster their development. Task, process, and feedback serve as the basis of formative assessments. Typically, tasks are introduced to lessons to facilitate student feedback. Due to their technological potential, eportfolios are often used to help with assigning tasks, managing processes, and getting feedback. It is necessary to incorporate the findings from environments where eportfolios are used for formative assessment into the existing literature. A systematic literature review was employed for this purpose. Three researchers reviewed 33 studies utilizing content analysis. The Fleiss kappa was used to determine inter-rater reliability. Quantitative analysis was performed on the articles' dependent or related variables, environments, research method, implementation period, evaluators, eportfolio type, activity format, evaluation instruments, education level, and course categories. Among the qualitative findings of the studies were the prominent concepts of the use of eportfolios, as well as the themes and codes of advantages and challenges. The findings indicate that the integration of eportfolios in the formative assessment process, despite its challenges, provides significant advantages. It is expected that the study's findings will be useful for researchers as well as practitioners who intend to use eportfolios for formative assessment processes.

Role and Place of Institutional Capacity in Socio-Economic Development

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to substantiate the place and role of institutional capacity in socio-economic development (SED), taking into account the regional context. Theoretical framework: To conduct the study, it was highlighted that the SED of society and the state is a process, as a result of which new opportunities are created for the subjects of public relations in obtaining income from the use of the potential of the resource base in the field of rental relations. The effectiveness of such a process is directly related to the process of managing the development of economic potential, which determines its role and place in the SED of society and the state. Design/methodology/approach: In the study, the following components are classified as structural elements of economic potential: resource and institutional potential. To clarify the methodological approach to assessing the institutional potential of SED, as a category of social relations, the terminological basis of this concept was considered. Institutional potential, as a scientific concept that expresses the development of the most general institutional ties in socially significant relations between subjects of public relations, is studied in the system of socio-economic transformation "resource-potential-capital", in which the institution is a resource. The place of institutional potential is determined by the direction of evolutionary changes in SED aimed at meeting the diverse needs of society. At the same time, the institutional transformation of its resource potential creates opportunities for the subjects of this process to receive income in various areas of social relations. Findings: As a result of the study of the role of institutional capacity, a scientific rationale was obtained for managing the effectiveness of SED, which is associated with the result of its development. As a result of the process of transformation of institutional potential, it is an institutional rent, that is, the possibility of extracting monopoly income by the subjects of rent relations in the SED process. Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: The study of the terminological basis of the concept of "institutional potential", as a category of SED, allows us to expand the methodology of exploratory and fundamental research in the field of the influence of institutions on the evolution of social relations in relation to the problems of managing the processes of development of a competitive environment. Originality/value: Clarification of the institutional potential concept, as well as substantiation of its role and place in the assessment and implementation of SED processes, allows us to propose mechanisms for adjusting institutions operating in society in order to increase the effectiveness of the SED institutional model.

Maternal and congenital syphilis attributable to ethnoracial inequalities: a national record-linkage longitudinal study of 15 million births in Brazil

This study estimated ethnoracial inequalities in maternal and congenital syphilis in Brazil, understanding race as a relational category product of a sociopolitical construct that functions as an essential tool of racism and its manifestations. We linked routinely collected data from Jan 1, 2012 to Dec 31, 2017 to conduct a population-based study in Brazil. We estimated the attributable fraction of race (skin colour) for the entire population and specific subgroups compared with White women using adjusted logistic regression. We also obtained the attributable fraction of the intersection between two social markers (race and education) and compared it with White women with more than 12 years of education as the baseline. Of 15 810 488 birth records, 144 564 women had maternal syphilis and 79 580 had congenital syphilis. If all women had the same baseline risk as White women, 35% (95% CI 34·89-36·10) of all maternal syphilis and 41% (40·49-42·09) of all congenital syphilis would have been prevented. Compared with other ethnoracial categories, these percentages were higher among Parda/Brown women (46% [45·74-47·20] of maternal syphilis and 52% [51·09-52·93] of congenital syphilis would have been prevented) and Black women (61% [60·25-61·75] of maternal syphilis and 67% [65·87-67·60] of congenital syphilis would have been prevented). If all ethnoracial groups had the same risk as White women with more than 12 years of education, 87% of all maternal syphilis and 89% of all congenital syphilis would have been prevented. Only through effective control of maternal syphilis among populations at higher risk (eg, Black and Parda/Brown women with lower educational levels) can WHO's global health initiative to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of syphilis be made feasible. Recognising that racism and other intersecting forms of oppression affect the lives of minoritised groups and advocating for actions through the lens of intersectionality is imperative for attaining and guaranteeing health equity. Achieving health equality needs to be addressed to achieve syphilis control. Given the scale and complexity of the problem (which is unlikely to be unique to Brazil), structural issues and social markers of oppression, such as race and education, must be considered to prevent maternal and congenital syphilis and improve maternal and child outcomes globally. Wellcome Trust, CNPq-Brazil. For the Portuguese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Intellectual property as an independent concept of legal science: a value-legal approach to definition

In the work, the author proved the theoretical and practical expediency of the analysis of intellectual property as a component of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of legal science and an element of legal terminology. It is noted that the subject of the research is important from the point of view of the general methodological importance of studying and improving the concepts and categories of jurisprudence, as well as the terminology used in the acts of law-making. It is pointed out that the ambiguity of the doctrinal understanding of intellectual property, as well as the vagueness of its demarcation from other related categories of legal science (for example, intellectual property law, real property law, copyright law, related rights, patent law, etc.), causes today the ambiguity of the conceptual definition of intellectual property, insufficiency of its legal consolidation as an independent term of jurisprudence.&#x0D; The analysis of doctrinal ideas about intellectual property as an independent concept of legal science was carried out and their generalization was carried out within the limits of special-administrative, formal- legal and broad approaches. It is concluded that the spread of the provisions of the proprietary theory of intellectual property and the theory of exclusive rights in legal science led to the polarization of approaches to the conceptual definition of intellectual property. Therefore, today, in the doctrinal plan, intellectual property has a debatable nature of definition, which is determined primarily by its nature and essence.&#x0D; The author emphasized that even the specified generalized approaches to defining the concept of intellectual property leave in the shade the main aspect of this legal institution, namely its value-legal dimension. It is the value-legal approach that can be used for the appropriate perception of intellectual property, which accumulates in itself, develops and constitutes an integral part of the system of socio­cultural values. Therefore, the specified approach is methodologically important for the formulation and justification of the appropriate definition of the concept of «intellectual property». The advantages of such an approach to conceptual analysis in theoretical and legal research are that it allows for the formation of cognitive orientation in the knowing subject through the development of ideas about worldview values in nature and society.

Concept of human capital in the context of innovative development and its place in the system of related economic categories

Despite its relatively short history, the concept of human capital has evolved into a significant number of different definitions, affecting an increasing number of elements that are inherent in the work of a modern person. The growing importance of human capital in the accumulation of national wealth, the general trends in the humanization of economic science, the peculiarities of labor characteristic of the innovative economy, led to the emergence of new elements describing a person's labor activity and labor opportunities, and the entry into circulation of a number of seemingly overlapping related categories that complemented the already existing conceptual and categorical apparatus in this area. The purpose of the article is to distinguish the main concepts developed by economic theory that characterize human labor capabilities, as well as to determine the place of the category human capital in the system of these related categories. Special attention is paid to new concepts that have arisen as a result of setting the tasks of innovative development. The result of the study is the systematization of the concepts considered in a general terminological field. Such systematization seems necessary both for theoretical clarification of the conceptual apparatus of labor market research, employment, accumulation of human resources, and for practical application in the field of state policy to improve the national education system and labor market regulation in the context of innovative development.

A network model of referent identification by toddlers in a visual world task.

We present a neural network model of referent identification in a visual world task. Inputs are visual representations of item pairs unfolding with sequences of phonemes identifying the target item. The model is trained to output the semantic representation of the target and to suppress the distractor. The training set uses a 200-word lexicon typically known by toddlers. The phonological, visual, and semantic representations are derived from real corpora. Successful performance requires correct association between labels and visual and semantic representations, as well as correct location identification. The model reproduces experimental evidence that phonological, perceptual, and categorical relationships modulate item preferences. The model provides an account of how language can drive visual attention in the inter-modal preferential looking task.

Outpatient education, a momentous in clinical education: a qualitative study of medical students’, faculty members’, and residents’ perspectives

BackgroundEven though a lot of scholars have been looking at outpatient education lately because it has become more popular and they want to know about its successes, failures, and problems, we have not been able to find a complete study. Therefore, our study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the various aspects of outpatient education based on the actual experiences of medical students, faculty, and residents.MethodsFace-to-face and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data for this qualitative study. Until data saturation was reached, the interviews continued. A total of 21 participants from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, including medical students, residents, and teachers, were enrolled. The Guba and Lincoln-first written standards for scientific accuracy in qualitative research were used to figure out how reliable the data were.ResultsFourteen categories were extracted from four main themes. The results show that four categories: “physical space and equipment,” “prerequisites related to the curriculum,” “teaching skills development,” and “near-peer teachers” should be considered for outpatient education preparation. Theme 2, “implementation requirements,” included “student dimension,” “faculty’s commitment to planning,” and “program supervision.” Theme 3, “challenges of outpatient education,” was described by five related categories, including “curriculum implementation challenges,” “student challenges,” “faculty challenges,” “system-related challenges,” and “patient-related challenges.” Finally, two categories emerged about facilitators of outpatient education: internal and external facilitators.ConclusionOutpatient clinics represent a crucial aspect of medical practice. To effectively leverage this resource, preliminary planning, considering all the prerequisites, paying attention to the implementation requirements, getting to know the challenges, and trying to solve them, especially with incentives, are essential.

The Gender Studies Classroom: Its Promise and Discontents

This paper explores a unique set of existential and ideological difficulties associated with teaching ‘gender’ in a women’s studies department while drawing on the pedagogic experiences of academics and colleagues teaching gender/feminism in more mainstream departments like sociology. It looks at the gender studies classroom as a transformative space where entrenched systems of beliefs, institutional arrangements and gendered relationships can be contested and rendered unstable. Simultaneously, it remains a space fraught with conflicts, confrontations and vulnerabilities for students and teachers alike. While ‘gender’ as a relational category marks a shift from ‘woman’ as a biological/essentialist/reductionist concept, I argue that the transition from women’s studies to gender studies has not been adequately grappled with. Woman/gender is caught between contending and contingent forces—the legacy of the autonomous women’s movement with its activist thrust, the NGOised/empowerment discourse with a top-down, instrumentalised approach to ‘gender’, and the heterogeneous aspirations and politics of gender transgressive and socially marginalised student constituencies. The gender studies teacher must navigate these complexities which on occasion confront and trouble her/their own gendered sense of self and precarities.

Исторические и теоретические аспекты развития российской государственности и формирование цивилизационных основ её репрезентаций

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of one of the current issues of modern science. That is the definition of the correlation between the concepts of «civilization» and «state». It turns out that, despite their heterogeneity (the state is a form of organization of political power, civilization is a phenomenon of cultural development), there is a certain connection between them, due to the reciprocal determination within society of the corresponding functions of the state and culture. The purpose of the research is to analyze these categories in relation to the history of the development of Russian statehood. The article presents the author’sstandpoint in understanding the essence and specificity of the civilizational development of Russian statehood.&#x0D; The theoretical basis of the study was the work of Russian and foreign scientists.&#x0D; Methodology. In the process of working with the material, a systematic method, as well as methods of comparative legal, historical-legal, civilizational analysis and formal logicwere used.&#x0D; Results. It is found that in the considered correlation of theconcepts «civilization» and «state», the concept of «civilization» has a large volume, as far as it can cover several states with a similar culture, and within the same civilization, various forms of state government can historically change. The definition of civilization is formulated, and the authors proposes to understand it as a long-existing self-sufficient community of ethnic groups, countries, states, having a clearly expressed spiritual and material cultural identity and acting as a significant subject of socio-cultural development of human society. The specificity and place of Soviet subcivilization within the framework of Russian civilization are clarified.

Legislative Process: Essential Characteristics, Influencing Factors

In this paper, the author analyzes various approaches to understanding the legislative process, its interrelation with related categories such as lawmaking and legislative processes. It is emphasized that the use of the term «legislative process» indicates the presence of an intellectual component in the corresponding subjects’ activities, while referring to the «lawmaking process» gives preference to the official and governmental aspect of this process. The peculiarities of the legislative process are identified, namely: it is a type of lawmaking activity, characterized by a phased implementation, closely linked to legal reality, exhibiting a systematic and structured nature, indicating its classification as a social system, having functional orientation and being based on certain principles, with a characteristic composition of subjects aimed at the adoption, modification, suspension, or repeal of relevant legal norms. It is emphasized that the legislative process is a specific type of lawmaking activity carried out by certain subjects, characterized by phased implementation, functionality, and aimed at the adoption, modification, suspension, or repeal of relevant legal norms. The author highlights that among the essential characteristics of the legislative process, ensuring its effectiveness holds significant importance. The factors for improving the quality and effectiveness of legislative activities are identified and characterized, including attention to general social, organizational, and legal factors. Key words: lawmaking, legislative process, lawmaking process, influencing factors, effectiveness of the legislative process, optimization of the legislative process, factors that influence the formation of the lawmaking process.

Prisoner of War in the context of «hybrid war»: philosophical and legal dimensions

In the broader context of transformations in the modern world order, the «hybrid warfare» concept has become a vital framework for assessing and understanding these changes within the realm of general social science. It encompasses a wide array of subjects, objects, principles, structures, norms, institutions, rules, and manifestations that are currently undergoing significant shifts. These transformations are observable across collective subjects, actors, and participants involved in social processes, operating at both macro and micro levels. As a result, their social roles and socio-legal statuses have become increasingly blurred, intertwined, and diversified.&#x0D; This dynamic landscape is particularly evident when examining specific social groups, such as «prisoners of war» and related categories like «hostages.» These groups serve as focal points for analyzing the broader context of complex and often ambiguous situations, like the russian-Ukrainian war. It is within these evolving dynamics that these social groups experience significant «mutations» driven by external factors that are socially comprehensible.&#x0D; These mutations give rise to indirect status polarization among the respective social groups, characterized by a complex amalgamation of elements involving both «victimization» and «stigmatization,» as well as «heroization» and «idealization.» These nuanced perceptions and portrayals are particularly prominent within public opinion and media and information discourse.&#x0D; Recognizing and comprehending the implications of these changes within the context of hybrid warfare is crucial. It sheds light on the multifaceted consequences for the subjects and objects involved, providing valuable insights into the evolving nature of the modern world order. Understanding the impact on various social groups, including prisoners of war and hostages, can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex social dynamics at play in the contemporary global landscape. By examining these transformations, researchers and policymakers can better address the challenges and opportunities posed by the hybrid warfare paradigm and its effects on societies worldwide.

Frequency of family forms of multiple sclerosis in a center in Rio de Janeiro

Familial multiple sclerosis(fMS) is defined as multiple sclerosis cases occurring in at least two family members, and there is no data on the recurrence risk of fMS in the Brazilian population. This study estimated the multiple sclerosis recurrence risk in patient families in RJ and investigated the relationship with Caucasian and African ancestry. A study was conducted in RJ (Brazil), with 197 patients followed by a RJ specialized outpatient clinic. Recurrence risks were calculated by relative MS patient categories through Age-adjusted and Crude recurrence risks. fMS frequency (7.10%) was identified in the RJ study population. The risk of Age-adjusted recurrence (ARR) was high among grandparents, at 2.72 (95% CI 2.16 - 3.28). Concerning the parent relationship, ARR was 1.57 (95% CI 1.36 - 1.78) and increased to 1.76 (95% CI 1.41 - 2.11) in the presence of a European ancestor. Among uncles/aunts, a significant increase from 1.42 (95% CI 1.01 - 1.83) to 2.91 (95% CI 2.28 - 3.54) risk in individuals with Caucasian ancestry was observed, and to 2.65 (95% CI 2.02 - 3.27) in individuals with African ancestry. A higher risk among individuals with Caucasian ancestry was observed compared to Afro-descendant ancestry.

Factual Labor Relations

. The authors primarily analyzed the most relevant issues of actual labor legal relations: the theoretical validity of the terms (concepts) “labor relations” or “labor legal relations”; the ratio of the terms “actual labor legal relations” and “regulators of actual labor legal relations”; types of regulators of actual labor legal relations. The study draws the following conclusions. First: scientifically and theoretically more reasonable is the term (concept) “labor legal relations”. Second: actual labor legal relations are primary in relation to the regulators of actual labor legal relations. Third: objectively, there are legal and individual regulators, which are paired categories of actual labor legal relations.

Creative vision as a legal category: concept, legal nature, correlation with related categories

The article considers the main views set out in the scientific literature, as well as in judicial practice, regarding the interpretation of the creative component in the creation of objects of intellectual activity. The meaning of creative work in the creation of such objects is analyzed — from pre-revolutionary lawyers to the modern understanding. The author distinguishes between mechanically created objects and creative objects, identifies two criteria that are necessary to recognize the object created by creative way: objective and subjective. The understanding and correlation of such categories as “creativity”, “creative work”, “creative vision”, “single creative idea”, “creative conception” is analyzed. It is the use of such categories that allows the court to establish the protectability of objects of exclusive rights, to distinguish complex and composite objects, as well as objects of independent creation and repetition of someone else’s work. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that for the definition of creativity as one of the components of the legal qualification necessary for the protectability of the object the most comprehensive is the concept of “creative vision”.