Detailed Categories Research Articles

The Heterogeneous Effects of Workers' Countries of Birth on Over-Education

This paper examines the relationship between immigration and over-education, taking advantage of access to rich matched employer-employee data for the Belgian private sector for the period 1999-2010. Covering more than 1.2 million workers, the data enable the authors to: i) measure over-education with higher precision, ii) examine the heterogeneous effects of detailed countries of birth, and iii) test the role of key moderating factors. More precisely, this paper is not only the first to investigate the effect of citizenship acquisition and workers' tenure on the nexus between immigration and over-education, but also one of the few to study the moderating roles of gender and education for detailed categories of immigrants. With ordered probit estimates, the authors highlight that immigrant workers are much more likely to be over-educated than their native counterparts, especially when the former originate from the Maghreb or Asia. Over-education also appears to be particularly critical among higher-educated immigrants. Gender-based differences in immigrants' penalties, in contrast, are found to be quite modest overall. Results further show that tenure has a strong moderating effect on the likelihood for immigrants born in developing countries to be over-educated and that citizenship acquisition is also associated with substantially improved job matches.

Effective feature reduction for link prediction in location-based social networks

In this study, we investigated feature-based approaches for improving the link prediction performance for location-based social networks (LBSNs) and analysed their performances. We developed new features based on time, common friend detail and place category information of check-in data in order to make use of information in the data which cannot be utilised by the existing features from the literature. We proposed a feature selection method to determine a feature subset that enhances the prediction performance with the removal of redundant features by clustering them. After clustering features, a genetic algorithm is used to determine the ones to select from each cluster. A non-monotonic and feasible feature selection is ensured by the proposed genetic algorithm. Results depict that both new features and the proposed feature selection method improved link prediction performance for LBSNs.

Taiwan-Specific Model forVS30Prediction Considering Between-Proxy Correlations

Ergodic site response models are generally conditional on the time-averaged shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m ( VS30). Ground motion databases contain many recordings from Taiwan, and because of site characterization efforts, 56% of recording sites have VS30derived from measurements. We develop proxy-based VS30prediction models, one application of which is for the remaining 44% of Taiwan sites. Our approach, which can be suitable for other regions, differs from previous studies in which proxies are based on detailed geologic categories and possible within-category topographic gradient effects. Instead, we use three broad, age-based geologic categories, and for the youngest category of Holocene and Quaternary undivided sediments, we propose models conditioned on gradient and elevation. We also adapt a geomorphic terrain-based method, thus providing two VS30-prediction models. We describe a model weighting scheme that combines the models in consideration of their relative dispersions and correlation, producing a weighted mean and standard deviation natural-log VS30. Included as an electronic supplement is a profile database file and a site database with site parameters for Taiwan ground motion stations.

Factors influencing the process of learning mathematics among visually impaired and blind people

Effective instruction and comprehension of mathematics are important for achieving academic and professional success but are especially difficult for visually impaired individuals because of the inherent difficulty in managing structural information included in math formulae. An evaluation of an alternative for computer-aided math instruction and comprehension among visually impaired students was developed, and the evaluation included seven detailed categories of factors: behavioral, emotional, cognitive, social, distracting, motivational, and modeling factors. Then, the proposed method was used to compare the alternative teaching method, including problem decomposition and vector knowledge, to the classical teaching method with a teacher. The assessment of the impact of the developed approach on improving the process of teaching mathematics in a group of blind and visually impaired students was carried out by the completion of a questionnaire prepared by a psychologist.The alternative teaching method achieved significantly better results in six of the seven proposed assessment categories. These experiments extend the knowledge base on the limitations and challenges associated with teaching and learning mathematics among blind people.

An Integrated Source Apportionment Methodology and Its Application over the Yangtze River Delta Region, China.

An integrated source apportionment methodology is developed by amalgamating the receptor-oriented model (ROM) and source-oriented numerical simulations (SOM) together to eliminate the weaknesses of individual SA methods. This approach attempts to apportion and dissect the PM2.5 sources in the Yangtze River Delta region during winter. First, three ROM models (CMB, PMF, ME2) are applied and compared for the preliminary SA results, with information from PM2.5 sampling and lab analysis during the winter seasons. The detailed source category contribution of SOM to PM2.5 is further simulated using the WRF-CAMx model. The two pieces of information from both ROM and SOM are then stitched together to give a comprehensive information on the PM2.5 sources over the region. With the integrated approach, the detailed contributing sources of the ambient PM2.5 at different receptors including rural and urban, coastal and in-land, northern and southern receptors are analyzed. The results are compared with previous data and shows good agreement. This integrative approach is more comprehensive and is able to produce a more profound and detailed understanding between the sources and receptors, compared with single models.

Immunopathogenesis of ophthalmological paraneoplastic syndromes: Recent findings

The aim of this study was to summarize the current knowledge of paraneoplastic syndromes involving eyes. The main interest was the immunopathogenesis of the abovementioned entities. A web search was conducted using Medline, Web of Science and Scopus engines. Key words concerning ocular paraneoplastic syndromes (OPS) such as: "ocular paraneoplastic syndrome", "cancer-associated retinopathy", "cancer-associated cone dysfunction", "melanoma-associated retinopathy", "bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation", and "paraneoplastic optic neuritis" were combined with "immunology", "immune response", "antibodies", or "autoantibodies". Numerous papers were found as a result of "ocular paraneoplastic syndrome" search and many of them matched the chosen criteria. We focused on the most recent papers - published in the last 5 years - and eventually, 92 items were found. Only several papers from each detailed category fulfilled both OPS and immunologic criteria. Site-specific paraneoplastic syndromes still remain a difficult clinical challenge. The immunopathogenesis of some of them seems to be more complex than previously thought.

Differences in the Incidence of Symptomatic Cervical and Lumbar Disc Herniation According to Age, Sex and National Health Insurance Eligibility: A Pilot Study on the Disease's Association with Work.

The aim of this research was to identify the differences in the incidence of symptomatic cervical and lumbar disc herniation according to age, sex, and national health insurance eligibility. We evaluated the hospital documents of patients who received medical treatment for symptomatic cervical and lumbar disc herniation between 2004 and 2010 and excluded those who claimed to have expenses at oriental medical clinics or pharmacies. Furthermore, any duplicate documents from the labor force population aged 20–69 years were excluded from the analysis. The results showed that the number of individuals diagnosed with symptomatic cervical and lumbar disc herniation increased with age, and the incidence of these diseases was higher in women than in men. Additionally, the incidence differed depending on the subject’s qualification for health insurance. The incidence of lumbar disc herniation showed differences depending on the degree of the lumbar burden. The present study findings may help determine whether lumbar disc herniation is associated with tasks performed at the patient’s workplace. Further research is needed to classify the risk of lumbar disk herniation in the workplace into detailed categories such as types of business, types of occupation, and lumbar compression force.

Automation of evaluation of data measured on steel bridges, category detail of welded lamellas

The paper introduces an automatic data evaluation system on the server or on the connected PC to it via SW ALERT and POKOF. The system prepares measurement results for the graphical representation on the PC screen not only of the daily files but also of the selected period. The results of the fatigue assessment are stored in a permanently supplemented text file. Design of detail category of welded lamellas on the basis of fatigue tests.

The residual lifetime of steel bridges under the action of fatigue and corrosion effects.

Decades-old steel bridges have to face the unfavourable environment that causes the ageing and deterioration of material properties. Moreover, especially railway bridges, which are famous for permanent resistance to heavy movable load, are exposed to large number of stress ranges that may lead to fatigue damage. Combination of both phenomenon has significant impact on the condition of bridges and their remaining service life. The subject of the proposed paper is observation the response of steel bridge structures containing construction elements weakened by corrosion on cyclic load. For the purpose, the series of laboratory fatigue tests were performed on samples of riveted connections. Specimens with various level of corrosion weakening had been taken from historical railway bridge and were loaded by cycling force in tension subsequently. The laboratory tests were supported by numerical analysis. This paper presents knowledges gained from the study that was focused on how to take into account the combined effect of degradation process and fatigue. The evaluation of the tests indicates that the service life of members may be significantly reduced due to fatigue. The developed relationship between corrosion loss and reduced detail category is stated.

High-Deductible Health Plan Enrollment Increased From 2006 To 2016, Employer-Funded Accounts Grew In Largest Firms.

Over the past decade, employers have increasingly turned to high-deductible health plans (HDHPs) to limit health insurance premium growth. We used data from private-sector establishments for 2006 and 2016 from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component to examine trends in HDHP enrollment and heterogeneity in HDHPs by firm size. We studied insurance plan offerings along the following dimensions: whether employers fund accounts to help defray employees' out-of-pocket health care spending, the availability of non-HDHP plan choices, and single and family deductible levels. We extend the literature by examining these characteristics by detailed firm-size categories and by including all plans with deductibles that met or exceeded Internal Revenue Service thresholds to be qualified for health savings accounts. We found that in 2016, 78.0percent of HDHP enrollees in the smallest firms (those with fewer than 25 employees) lacked an employer-funded account, compared to 35.2percent in the largest firms (those with 1,000 or more employees). Overall, HDHP enrollees in the largest firms had significant advantages relative to workers in smaller firms along all of the dimensions examined.

THE ORGANIZATION OF WORK OF STOROZHISHCHENSKY CORRECTIVE COLONY SHELTER OF THE SMOLENSK PROVINCE IN THE CONTEXT OF I.F. GERBART'S IDEAS

In article the organization of teaching and educational work of Storozhishchensky corrective colony shelter of the Smolensk province opened in 1894 in the context of the ideas of the outstanding German scientist-teacher Johann Friedrich Gerbart is considered. The analysis of labor, religious and moral, physical, esthetic training of children of colony of a shelter taking into account psychology and pedagogical installations of Gerbart is given. Authors have presented experiment of colony shelter on training of pupils for independent life in society. In work also teaching and educational work of the agricultural lowest school of the 1st category opened at colony shelter is also analysed. At this school labor education of the children who are in colony shelter was carried out. Here pupils acquired knowledge, abilities and skills necessary for them for further life in society. In article the mode, training programs, methods, forms and means of labor education at agricultural lowest school of the 1st category in detail reveal.

Field measurement and practical design of a lightweight composite bridge deck

Ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) layers play an important role in steel-UHPC lightweight composite bridge decks. To characterize the contribution of the UHPC layer to these decks, field measurements were conducted, and the strain responses of various detail categories were measured for orthotropic steel decks with and without UHPC layers. The results show that the UHPC layer influences the stress range of the various detail categories significantly. ANSYS software was also applied to model the lightweight composite bridge deck, and a transient analysis was performed to investigate the influence of the vehicle speeds. Finally, the influence surfaces of the detail categories were introduced to determine the variation of the stress range, and a simple method was proposed to design the UHPC layer.

Disclosure of pension asset allocation and expected rate of return management

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether the expected rate of return (ERR) management is related to disclosure of pension asset allocation. FAS 132R(1), which requires firms to disaggregate the detailed categories of pension asset allocation, provides a natural experiment setting for investigating the effect of enhanced transparency on firm behavior.Design/methodology/approachThe authors focus on the variation of voluntary disclosure and its effect on ERR management under the two different reporting regimes. The authors measure the variation of voluntary disclosure of the pension asset allocations in the pre-period of FAS 132R(1), by using the self-constructed disclosure score.FindingsFirst, firms create flexibility in their choice of ERR through opaque disclosure of pension asset allocation. Next, firms with poor disclosures are more likely to adjust ERR downward when accounting standards require greater transparency, implying that, for firms with poor disclosures, mandated transparency in pension asset allocation plays a vital role in reducing the ERR management.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors directly illustrate the impact of FAS 132R(1) on ERR management. The authors find that the impact of mandated transparency is not uniform across firms. Next, this study highlights the importance of disclosure in restricting managers’ earnings management motivation.Originality/valueThe authors hand collect the asset allocations under pre-FAS 132R(1) period from the 10-K pension footnotes for all S&P 500 firms, which allows the authors to identify the disclosure variation amongst the firms. Based on the variation of disclosure, the authors construct the ordinal measure of disclosure scores on which the testing indicator variables are built.

Compensation Details-Based Injection Model for Remote Sensing Image Fusion

Remote sensing image fusion has a potential spectral distortion problem due to the global/local spectral and spatial correlations between panchromatic (PAN) and multispectral (MS) images. To overcome this problem, in this letter, a compensation details-based injection (CDI) fusion model is presented from a new perspective of compensatory learning. In contrast to the traditional method, the two categories of details, namely, the PAN details and the CD, are considered to compensate for the spatial and spectral differences between low-resolution MS (LRMS) and high-resolution MS images. To obtain the CD, a robust sparse representation was employed to calculate the difference between the PAN and MS images during the fusion. The CD combined with the PAN details extracted by a multiscale-guided filter are then injected into the upsampled LRMS image to achieve a fused image. Extensive experiments were undertaken on several image data sets, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CDI method.

Automating Data Collection in Motor-manual Time and Motion Studies Implemented in a Willow Short Rotation Coppice

Time and motion studies are often used to evaluate the performance of various product systems. However, traditional studies are characterized by a series of technical limitations, and they require many resources. This study tested the capability of a low-cost Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and an accelerometer unit to automate the field data collection for characterizing motor-manual felling of willow short rotation coppices. The results were promising. By thresholding the acceleration data, the running and stopped engine states were accurately separated. Also, by combining the GPS speed with the acceleration data, followed by threshold setting and data visualization in the Geographic Information System software, detailed time categories, such as productive, working, and non-working times, could be separated. The methods described herein could be used to manage long-term field data collection, as such operations are affected by many operational factors.

Unsupervised Fine Land Classification Using Quaternion Autoencoder-Based Polarization Feature Extraction and Self-Organizing Mapping

We propose an unsupervised polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) land classification system consisting of a series of two unsupervised neural networks, namely, a quaternion autoencoder and a quaternion self-organizing map (SOM). Most of the existing PolSAR land classification systems use a set of feature information that humans designed beforehand. However, such methods will face limitations in the near future when we expect classification into a large number of land categories recognizable to humans. By using a quaternion autoencoder, our proposed system extracts feature information based on the natural distribution of PolSAR features. In this paper, we confirm that the information necessary for land classification is extracted as the features while noise is filtered. Then, we show that the extracted features are classified by the quaternion SOM in an unsupervised manner. As a result, we can discover even new and more detailed land categories. For example, town areas are divided into residential areas and factory sites, and grass areas are subcategorized into furrowed farmlands and flat grass areas. We also examine the realization of topographic mapping of the features in the SOM space.

Fatigue Shear Strength of Slender Web Plate Girders

A study on the fatigue strength of slender web plates subjected to repeated shearloading is described herein. A series of tests on 20 girders with slender web wascarried out. The girders were subjected to cyclic loading of a certain range up tothe formation of fatigue cracking. Stresses along the welded connection betweenthe webs and flanges were measured during the tests. The correlation between thestresses and number of cycles of loading at failure was analysed and a new fatigueresistant curve was developed and incorporated into the standard design curve offatigue resistant given in BS 5400:Part 10 and EC 3:Chapter 9. The resistant tofatigue failure for the welded web under shear loading was found to be highcompared to other standard detail categories.

Standardized Patients in Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy: a Scoping Review of Barriers and Facilitators for Implementation.

The use of simulated and standardized patients (SP) is widely accepted in the medical field and, from there, is beginning to disseminate into clinical psychology and psychotherapy. The purpose of this study was therefore to systematically review barriers and facilitators that should be considered in the implementation of SP interventions specific to clinical psychology and psychotherapy. Following current guidelines, a scoping review was conducted. The literature search focused on the MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases, including Dissertation Abstracts International. After screening for titles and abstracts, full texts were screened independently and in duplicate according to our inclusion criteria. For data extraction, a pre-defined form was piloted and used. Units of meaning with respect to barriers and facilitators were extracted and categorized inductively using content-analysis techniques. From the results, a matrix of interconnections and a network graph were compiled. The 41 included publications were mainly in the fields of psychiatry and mental health nursing, as well as in training and education. The detailed category system contrasts four supercategories, i.e., which organizational and economic aspects to consider, which persons to include as eligible SPs, how to develop adequate scenarios, and how to authentically and consistently portray mental health patients. Publications focused especially on the interrelation between authenticity and consistency of portrayals, on how to evoke empathy in learners, and on economic and training aspects. A variety of recommendations for implementing SP programs, from planning to training, monitoring, and debriefing, is provided, for example, ethical screening of and ongoing support for SPs.

Fatigue strength of repaired welded connections made of very high strength steels

Modern steel manufacturing techniques make it possible to produce steel with the nominal yield strength up to 1300 MPa for structural purposes. However, the application of very high strength steels is still limited in the civil engineering structures due to lack of knowledge about the effects of the manufacturing process and experimental results regarding the structural behaviour of the material. Moreover, in a fatigue loaded very high strength steel structure absolute and relative stress variations will be higher compared to stresses in structures made of lower steel grades. Accordingly, the fatigue issue will be one of the most important design criteria for very high strength steel structures. In this current study, V-shape welded specimens were manufactured from S690 and S890 rolled steels and cast steels with similar yield strengths. Fatigue cracks were created in the weld toe of the specimen under a fluctuated loading and subsequently the fatigue damaged specimens were repaired by the removal of the cracks with subsequent welding. The fatigue strength curves of repaired specimens are compared with the detail categories of EN 1993-1-9 [8] and the fatigue strength curves of the test results in the as-welded condition from literature. The fatigue strength of the fatigue damaged connections was completely recovered by the established repair procedure.

Fatigue strength of corroded bolted connection

This note summarizes some recent investigation results on the behavior of corroded steel bolted joints under uniaxial fatigue loading. Fatigue test specimens, were made up using S355 structural steel plates joined together with preloaded M12 bolts of class 10.9 with a geometry that corresponds to the Δσ = 112 MPa EC3 detail category. The accelerated corrosion process was accomplished using an electrolyte consisting of an aqueous 5% NaCl solution whereby the specimens were treated. In particular, during the corrosion process specimens were repeatedly immersed for 2 minutes in the electrolyte and then removed keeping them 60 minutes long in free air at 35 °C. An atmospheric corrosion in marine-industrial environment is wellrepresented through corrosion test. Fatigue loading tests and surface morphology measurement of uncorroded and corroded specimens were performed and the results were compared.