Definition Of Category Research Articles

Preservice teachers and the patriotism of the 1619 and 1776 history narratives

PurposePreservice teachers (n = 39) described their definitions of patriotism and to what extent they believed statements from The 1619 Project (2019) and The 1776 Commission Report (2021) were patriotic.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a mixed-method survey including open-ended prompts requesting participants’ descriptions of patriotism and Likert scale prompts asking participants to agree/disagree with deidentified statements from The 1619 Project and the 1776 Commission Report. In vivo words reflecting emotional responses to patriotism and the statements informed the categorization process in a second round of coding.FindingsFour categories of patriotism definition were identified. Identified were relationships between groups’ conceptualizations of patriotism and whether statements from history narratives were viewed as patriotic.Originality/valueThis article contributes to the field by exploring the intersectionality of the concept of patriotism with competing narratives regarding the foundation and growth of the United States.

Defining urban segregation: A qualitative meta-synthesis

Despite more than a century of research on urban segregation, this phenomenon is still one of the main concerns of urban planners and policymakers and a characteristic of cities that require intervention. Any policy-making in this field as an urban reality requires a clear understanding and definition of this phenomenon. But which definition? In response to this question and obtaining a basis for the definition of segregation, many efforts have been made in the past decades. However, these efforts have failed to present a framework that theoretically and practically responds to all dimensions and approaches in defining segregation. To fill this gap, the present study provides a comprehensive and integrated definition of urban segregation based on a meta-synthesis and qualitative content analysis by reviewing, categorizing, and combining the various and complex definitions in the existing literature. It presents two main categories of definitions of urban segregation: definitions based on the structural dimension and definitions based on the spatial dimension. Considering the complexity and multiple dimensions of urban segregation, a comprehensive definition of this phenomenon to present all aspects of segregation must answer six main questions: What is the nature of segregation? What people, on what basis, why, in what places and times, and how are segregated? The answers to the questions show that the presented categorization of the definitions of urban segregation covers different dimensions and aspects of this phenomenon. Therefore, combining them contributes to a comprehensive definition of it. Being more comprehensive than the previous definitions, the presented definition in this study specifies the main dimensions of urban segregation. It can provide an efficient basis for future theories, policies, and planning in urban segregation. Although the presented categories are inseparable parts of a whole, they can be examined in detail separately in future studies. Also, by connecting the definitions in the literature to intellectual paradigms and planning theories, a deeper understanding of the shaping factors and components of urban segregation can be achieved.

On the question of legal regulation of administrative procedures on the example of foreign countries

The article deals with the issue of legal regulation of administrative procedures on the example of foreign countries. The standards of the administrative procedure regarding the adoption of administrative decisions, i.e. decisions of public administration bodies, which concern the rights and obligations of individuals and legal entities, are considered. The content and features of legal regulation of administrative procedures in foreign countries, the scope and subject of legal regulation through the prism of the legislation of foreign countries on administrative procedures are outlined. Various approaches to determining the scope, content and methods of its legal regulation are analyzed.
 Attention is focused on the specifics of managerial activity, which must take effective measures in a timely manner in a wide variety of situations, forming the boundaries and restrictions necessary in the rule of law. The types of entities to which administrative procedures apply have been considered.
 The rights and obligations of administrative bodies regarding the preparation and adoption of an administrative decision are defined. Features of appeals by individuals and legal entities, definition of sub-agency category of cases are outlined. The types of decisions made by the administrative body are classified. Emphasis is placed on informing persons whose interests may be affected by an administrative act.
 The grounds for removing officials considered biased are outlined. The rights of citizens participating in the administrative procedure are considered separately.

Effectiveness of Using the Calendar Method of Self-Monitoring Medication Side Effects in SLE Patients

An autoimmune rheumatic disease that produces widespread inflammation, affecting organs or systems in the body is known as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). In a previous study, data were obtained from the results of an analysis based on the Naranjo algorithm obtained were that most respondents fell into the Probable category (Most likely to occur ROM) as many as 14 respondents or 35%, followed by the Definite category (Definite ROM occurs) as many as 12 respondents or 30%. Then the Possible category (Possible ROM occurs) as many as 9 respondents or 22.5% and finally the No ES category as many as 5 respondents or 12.5%. The type of research used was quantitative research with experimental methods through a pretest-posttest control group design by taking a sample and then conducting a pretest first to find out which samples are classified namely interventions experiencing side effects, interventions with no side effects, controls experiencing side effects and controls with no side effects. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon analysis with a p value <0.05, it states that the calendar has an effect on reducing the incidence of side effects in patients. Mann Whitney test showing a p value of 0.000 smaller than 0.05, so it can be interpreted that there are significant differences in side effects in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in the intervention group and control group. The provision of functional calendar media is effective for reducing the incidence of side effects in taking Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) drugs.

Categorizing digital data collection and intervention tools in health and wellbeing living lab settings: A modified Delphi study

BackgroundHealth and Wellbeing Living Labs are a valuable research infrastructure for exploring innovative solutions to tackle complex healthcare challenges and promote overall wellbeing. A knowledge gap exists in categorizing and understanding the types of ICT tools and technical devices employed by Living Labs. AimDefine a comprehensive taxonomy that effectively categorizes and organizes the digital data collection and intervention tools employed in Health and Wellbeing Living Lab research studies. MethodsA modified consensus-seeking Delphi study was conducted, starting with a pre-study involving a survey and semistructured interviews (N=30) to gather information on existing equipment. The follow-up three Delphi rounds with a panel of living lab experts (R1 N=18, R2 - 3 N=15) from 10 different countries focused on achieving consensus on the category definitions, ease of reading, and included subitems for each category. Due to the controversial results in the 2nd round of qualitative feedback, an online workshop was organized to clarify the contradictory issues. ResultsThe resulting taxonomy included 52 subitems, which were divided into three levels as follows: The first level consists of 'devices for data monitoring and collection' and 'technologies for intervention.' At the second level, the 'data monitoring and collection' category is further divided into 'environmental' and 'human' monitoring. The latter includes the following third-level categories: 'biometrics,' 'activity and behavioral monitoring,' 'cognitive ability and mental processes,' 'electrical biosignals and physiological monitoring measures,' '(primary) vital signs,' and 'body size and composition.' At the second level, 'technologies for intervention' consists of 'assistive technology,' 'extended reality – XR (VR & AR),' and 'serious games' categories. ConclusionA common language and standardized terminology are established to enable effective communication with living labs and their customers. The taxonomy opens a roadmap for further studies to map related devices based on their functionality, features, target populations, and intended outcomes, fostering collaboration and enhancing data capture and exploitation.

Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Intraoperative Spinal Cord Injury in the Setting of Spine Surgery: A Proposed Care Pathway.

This study is a mixed methods approach. Intraoperative spinal cord injury (ISCI) is a challenging complication in spine surgery. Intra-operative neuromonitoring (IONM) has been developed to detect changes in neural function. We report on the first multidisciplinary, international effort through AO Spine and the Praxis Spinal Cord Institute to develop a comprehensive guideline and care pathway for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of ISCI. Three literature reviews were registered on PROSPERO (CRD 42022298841) and performed according to PRISMA guidelines: (1) Definitions, frequency, and risk factors for ISCI, (2) Meta-analysis of the accuracy of IONM for diagnosis of ISCI, (3) Reported management approaches for ISCI and related events. The results were presented in a consensus session to decide the definition of IONM and recommendation of its use in high-risk cases. Based on a literature review of management strategies for ISCI, an intra-operative checklist and overall care pathway was developed by the study team. An operational definition and high-risk patient categories for ISCI were established. The reported incidence of deficits was documented to be higher in intramedullary tumour spine surgery. Multimodality IONM has a high sensitivity and specificity. A guideline recommendation of IONM to be employed for high-risk spine cases was made. The different sections of the intraoperative checklist include surgery, anaesthetic and neurophysiology. The care pathway includes steps (1) initial clinical assessment, (2) pre-operative planning, (3) surgical/anaesthetic planning, (4) intra-operative management, and (5) post-operative management. This is the first evidence based comprehensive guideline and care pathway for ISCI using the GRADE methodology. This will facilitate a reduction in the incidence of ISCI and improved outcomes from this complication. We welcome the wide implementation and validation of these guidelines and care pathways in prospective, multicentre studies.

Effects of anxiety state on N400 event-related brain potential response to unexpected semantic stimuli

Emotional states can influence how people use meaningful context to make predictions about what comes next. To measure whether state anxiety influences such prediction, we used the N400 event-related brain potential (ERP) response to semantic stimuli, whose amplitude is smaller (less negative) when the stimulus is more predicted based on preceding context. Participants (n = 28) were randomized to one of two groups, who underwent either an “anxious-uncertainty” procedure previously shown to increase anxiety, or a control procedure. Both before and after this procedure, participants’ ERPs were recorded while they viewed category definitions (e.g., “a type of fruit”), each followed by a target word that was either a high-typicality category exemplar (“apple”), low-typicality exemplar (“cherry”), or non-exemplar (“clamp”) of the category. Participants’ task was to respond by pressing one of two buttons to indicate whether the target represented a member of the category. As expected, based on previous work, overall, N400 amplitudes were largest (most negative) in response to non-exemplars, intermediate to low-typicality exemplars, and smallest to high-typicality exemplars. N400 amplitudes were larger to non-exemplars after the anxious-uncertainty procedure than after the control procedure. N400 amplitudes to both types of exemplars did not differ after the anxious-uncertainty procedure versus the control procedure. The results are consistent with participants devoting more neural resources to processing contextually unexpected items under anxious states, rather than anxiety facilitating processing of expected items.

Bifactor models of psychopathology using multi-informant and multi-instrument dimensional measures in the ABCD study.

Due to limitations of categorical definitions of mental illness, there is a need for quantitative empirical investigations of the dimensional structure of psychopathology. Using exploratory bifactor methods, this study investigated a comprehensive and representative structure of psychopathology in children to better understand how psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms, impulsivity, and sensitivity to reward and punishment, may be integrated into extant general factor models of psychopathology. We used seven child-report and three parent-report instruments capturing diverse mental health symptoms in 11,185 children aged 9-10 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) Study. We built on previous modeling frameworks by conducting both split sample and full sample factor analytic approaches that harnessed recent methodological advances in bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (B-ESEM) to examine a wide range of psychopathology measures not previously integrated into a single analysis. Validity of psychopathology dimensions was examined by investigating associations with sex, age, cognition, imaging measures, and medical service usage. All four factor analytic models showed excellent fit and similar structure within informant. PLEs loaded most highly onto a general psychopathology factor, suggesting that they may reflect non-specific risk for mental illness. ASD symptoms loaded separately from attention/hyperactivity symptoms. Symptoms of impulsivity and sensitivity to reward and punishment loaded onto specific factors, distinct from externalizing and internalizing factors. All identified factors were associated with clinically relevant risk factors, providing preliminary evidence for their construct validity. By integrating diverse child-report and parent-report psychopathology measures for children in the ABCD sample, we deliver data on the quantitative structure of psychopathology for an exceptionally large set of measurements and discuss implications for the field.

Teātra kritika Covid-19 pandēmijas laikā (2020–2022)

The experience of the pandemic period (2020–2022) has become part of the recent history of Latvian theatre, and the purpose of this article is to analyse the adaptation of criticism to the ‘new normal’ in terms of both form and content. The article’s research object is the reviews by theatre critics in the Latvian printed press and electronic media during the period of pandemic restrictions – from March 13, 2020, until spring 2022. After March 13, 2020, when the first outbreak of Covid-19 began in Latvia, inevitable confusion arose not only in theatres but also in the press writing about the theatre industry. The specialised cultural media had to create a new concept of content, shifting from performance reviews to the format of interviews or discussions. As theatres created new performative works of various formats, critics had to find new ways and vocabulary to write about them, including the use of new words such as ‘covid time’, ‘lockdown’, ‘online performance’, etc. New virtual performances contributed to discussions about whether or not e-theatre is a ‘real theatre’; critics began to pay attention to such technical aspects as the angle of the camera, the specifics of editing, the choice of close-ups, etc. Discussions became relevant on how to distinguish between performances created specifically for the virtual environment and recordings of performances that theatres showed during lockdown. Experimental formats of criticism emerged: in the spring of 2020, a cycle of fake reviews of performances that were not shown to the public due to the pandemic was published in the electronic journal Kroders.lv; inspired by the form used in Elmārs Seņkovs’s successful virtual performance “Iran Conference”, four critics founded the KuKū critics’ discussion club on the Zoom platform, its name describing the sense of the world at that time. Criticism changed from evaluative and analytical in the traditional sense to empathically descriptive, stimulating a discussion about the ethics of criticism. Categorical definitions turned into discussion questions and critical observations – into empathetic advice on how theatres can survive in pandemic conditions. The authors’ article explores these and other aspects of form and content by conducting a qualitative content analysis of Latvian theatre critics’ reviews and outlining the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Latvian theatre criticism.

Judicial Opinion 129.

Opinion 129 addresses the status of Firmicutes corrig. Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980). The name has the category 'division' and was included in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, although that category had previously been removed from the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (1975 revision onwards). When the category 'phylum' was introduced into the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) in 2021, equivalence between 'phylum' and 'division' was not stipulated. Since the definition of the taxonomic categories and their relative order is one of the principal tasks of every code of nomenclature, the inclusion of Firmicutes corrig. Gibbons and Murray 1978 in the Approved Lists was an error. The name is either not validly published or illegitimate because its category is not covered by the ICNP. If Firmicutes corrig. Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980) was a validly published phylum name, it would be illegitimate because it would contravene Rule 8, which does not permit any deviation from the requirement to derive a phylum name from the name of the type genus. Since Firmicutes corrig. Gibbons and Murray 1978 is also part of a 'misfitting megaclassification' recognized in Opinion 128, the name is rejected, without any pre-emption regarding a hypothetically validly published name Firmicutes at the rank of phylum. Gracilicutes Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980) and Anoxyphotobacteriae Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980) are also rejected. The validly published phylum names have a variety of advantages over their not validly published counterparts and cannot be replaced with ad hoc names suggested in the literature. To ease the transition, it is recommended to mention the not validly published phylum names which strongly deviate in spelling from their validly published counterparts along with the latter in publications during the next years.

KEPA-CRF: Knowledge expansion prototypical amortized conditional random field for few-shot event detection

Event Detection (ED) has long struggled with the ambiguous definition of event categories, making it challenging to accurately classify events. Previous endeavors aimed to tackle this problem by constructing prototypes for specific event categories. However, they overlooked potential correlations among instances of distinct event categories, resulting in trigger misclassifications across event types. In this research, we introduce KEPA-CRF to train enhanced event prototypes and address the issue of limited samples in few-shot event detection. By integrating external knowledge from the Glove knowledge base into the model training process, we augment synonymous examples, mitigating the problem of insufficient samples in few-shot event detection. Additionally, through prototype adversarial training, we contrast prototypes of different event categories to augment the representational capabilities of prototype vectors. Experimental results showcase that our approach attains superior performance on the benchmark dataset FewEvent, surpassing comparative models with reduced training time.

A Community Waterborne Salmonella Bovismorbificans Outbreak in Greece.

In August 2022, the Hellenic National Public Health Organisation was notified about a gastroenteritis outbreak in town A in Southern Greece. Investigations aimed to identify the source and implement control measures. Case definition categories were used in a 1:3 case-control study. Cases and controls were interviewed about various exposures. Cases' stool samples were cultured on agar plates and characterised by serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Environmental investigations included tap water sampling for microbiological and chemical analysis in town A and inspection of the water supply system. We identified 33 cases (median age: 17 years). Tap water consumption was the only significant risk factor for gastroenteritis (OR = 5.46, 95% CI = 1.02-53.95). Salmonella (S.) Bovismorbificans isolated from eight stool and one tap water samples had identical PFGE profiles. No resistant isolates were identified. Residual chlorine levels were lower than the acceptable limits before and during the outbreak. We advised consumption of bottled water and adherence to strict hand hygiene rules until tap water was declared suitable for drinking. Epidemiological and molecular data revealed a waterborne S. Bovismorbificans outbreak in town A. We recommend local water safety authorities to ensure that residual chlorine levels comply with the legislation towards water safety planning, to mitigate risks.

V1 clauses and EPP in Old Italian

This work discusses some aspects of the so-called “relaxed verb-second hypothesis” for Old Romance languages focusing on Old Italian data. Although the idea that Medieval Romance varieties displayed some kind of verb-second grammar is often accepted in the literature, careful consideration of the data and the predictions casts some doubts on this hypothesis and suggests pursuing a different road to account for word order phenomena in these varieties. The focus here is on verb-first main clauses, which result from merging a null element in the left periphery according to Wolfe’s (2015) influential work. If this approach is adopted, problems arise for the definition of the null categories that can occupy the left periphery of the clause: there is no motivation to postulate such elements unless a rule of obligatory pre-field occupation is independently justified, and the data speaks against such a rule. The question then arises whether a further weakened version of the relaxed V2 hypothesis is still preferable to a non-V2 analysis of Old Italian Grammar.

Identifying cortical structure markers of resilience to adversity in young people using surface-based morphometry.

Previous research on the neurobiological bases of resilience in youth has largely used categorical definitions of resilience and voxel-based morphometry methods that assess gray matter volume. However, it is important to consider brain structure more broadly as different cortical properties have distinct developmental trajectories. To address these limitations, we used surface-based morphometry and data-driven, continuous resilience scores to examine associations between resilience and cortical structure. Structural MRI data from 286 youths (Mage = 13.6 years, 51% female) who took part in the European multi-site FemNAT-CD study were pre-processed and analyzed using surface-based morphometry. Continuous resilience scores were derived for each participant based on adversity exposure and levels of psychopathology using the residual regression method. Vertex-wise analyses assessed for correlations between resilience scores and cortical thickness, surface area, gyrification and volume. Resilience scores were positively associated with right lateral occipital surface area and right superior frontal gyrification and negatively correlated with left inferior temporal surface area. Moreover, sex-by-resilience interactions were observed for gyrification in frontal and temporal regions. Our findings extend previous research by revealing that resilience is related to surface area and gyrification in frontal, occipital and temporal regions that are implicated in emotion regulation and face or object recognition.

Defining Intensivists: A Retrospective Analysis of the Published Studies in the United States, 2010-2020.

The Society of Critical Care Medicine last published an intensivist definition in 1992. Subsequently, there have been many publications relating to intensivists. Our purpose is to assess how contemporary studies define intensivist physicians. Systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (2010-2020) for publication titles with the terms intensivist, and critical care or intensive care physician, specialist, or consultant. We included studies focusing on adult U.S. intensivists and excluded non-data-driven reports, non-U.S. publications, and pediatric or neonatal ICU reports. We aggregated the study title intensivist nomenclatures and parsed Introduction and Method sections to discern the text used to define intensivists. Fourteen parameters were found and grouped into five definitional categories: A) No definition, B) Background training and certification, C) Works in ICU, D) Staffing, and E) Database related. Each study was re-evaluated against these parameters and grouped into three definitional classes (single, multiple, or no definition). The prevalence of each parameter is compared between groups using Fisher exact test. U.S. adult ICUs and databases. None. Of 657 studies, 105 (16%) met inclusion criteria. Within the study titles, 17 phrases were used to describe an intensivist; these were categorized as intensivist in 61 titles (58%), specialty intensivist in 30 titles (29%), and ICU/critical care physician in 14 titles (13%). Thirty-one studies (30%) used a single parameter (B-E) as their definition, 63 studies (60%) used more than one parameter (B-E) as their definition, and 11 studies (10%) had no definition (A). The most common parameter "Works in ICU" (C) in 52 studies (50%) was more likely to be used in conjunction with other parameters rather than as a standalone parameter (multiple parameters vs single-parameter studies; 73% vs 17%; p < 0.0001). There was no consistency of intensivist nomenclature or definitions in contemporary adult intensivist studies in the United States.

Hypothesized mechanisms of death in swimming: a systematic review

BackgroundThe study aims to update the specific classification of mechanisms of death in swimming and to demonstrate these categories are reasonable, by analyzing more characteristics of death cases, evaluating the available evidence and determining their quality.MethodsOriginal articles were queried from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase databases, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Included studies, which were evaluated as level 4 evidence or higher according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, discussed hypothesized mechanisms of death in swimming. Parameters analyzed in this study included decedents’ characteristics, outcome measures, findings, methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS), and critical evaluation of each study classified by death mechanism.ResultsA total of twenty-five studies were included for further analysis: fourteen were associated with cardiovascular diseases, two were about cerebrovascular diseases, two contained respiratory diseases, seven were about hazardous conditions and three contained other drownings, which provided evidence for mechanisms of death.ConclusionsIt is found that cardiovascular disease is the main cause or contributing factor of death in swimming. Respiratory diseases and cerebrovascular diseases are difficult to be definitive mechanism categories due to insufficient evidence. Hazardous conditions appear to be one of the possible risk factors because there are more cases of deaths from unsafe environments in swimming, but further statistics and research are still needed to support this view. Our study may have important implications for developing potential prevention strategies for sports and exercise medicine.Trial registrationPROSPERO ID (CRD42021267330). Registered Aug 13th 2021.

Економічна безпека держави: сутність та актуальні загрози

To date, there is a constant increase in the number of researchers who study the problems of formation of the economic security of the State, as well as the number of scientific papers in this area. The results of the analysis of articles in the scientometric database Scopus by the keywords «economic security of the state» allowed us to conclude that the authors’ interest in this issue in general during 2010–2023. At the same time, since 2016, it has been constantly increasing over time, which is due to issues caused by socioeconomic factors, globalization processes, the consequences of the impact of COVID-19, the aggravation of geopolitical conflicts and the rapid development of technological progress. The article conducts a study of literary sources on the interpretation of the essence of the concept of «economic security of the State» and it is concluded that there is no single point of view among scientists on the definition of this economic category. A systematization of approaches to the interpretation of the definition of «economic security of the State» has been carried out and it has been noted that this is a complex multifactorial category that characterizes the national economy. Based on the conducted analysis of the value of the integral indicator of the level of economic security of Ukraine for 2010–2019, it is concluded that it ranged from 44% to 49%, and this corresponds to a dangerous level of economic security. The article considers the main components of the economic security of the State, which are interdependent. The analysis showed that there were positive changes in almost all sub-indices, and in 2021 only the demographic component remained in the danger zone, which indicates the presence of problems in this area. The key criteria for classifying threats to the economic security of the State, as well as the main range of threats that can have a high level of negative impact on its provision in today’s conditions, have been identified.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВАННОГО МЕТОДА НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРИБЫЛИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

The purpose of this article is to present the concept of the differentiated method of corporate profit taxation developed by the author. The article reveals its regulations and elements. The definitions of economic categories and principles of differentiated method are proposed. The possibilities of tax control and management of tax basis, tax burden, it compensation, financial stability of enterprises and the economy as a whole, transition of sectoral enterprises from group to group in conditions of this concept are considered.

A Knowledge Graph Data Expansion Method Based on Relational Propensity Categories with Legal Applications

By introducing the definition of propensity categories of relations, the implicit information in the knowledge graph is mined and the MCBE (Maximum Clique Based Expansion) algorithm is used for data expansion. Experimental results show that with baseline models TransE, RotatE, HAKE and Complex on FB15K dataset, its MRR and Hits@1 metrics are improved by (7.9%, 9.6%), (4.2%, 3.3%), (2.7%, 4.8%) and (1.7%, 2.4%), respectively. Experiments are also conducted on the FB15K, YAGO3-10, NELL-995 and DBpedia50 datasets using the TransE model as a baseline, and its MRR and Hits@1 metrics are improved on the above datasets by (7.9%, 9.6%), (0.3%, 27.7%), (20.1%, 100%), (4%, 38.7%), respectively. Finally, the MCBE algorithm is applied to the self-constructed knowledge graph of “anti-drug law” and its MRR and Hits@1 metrics are improved by (10.6%, 12.3%). The experimental results show that MCBE algorithm improves the prediction accuracy of legal knowledge graph.

Prognostic Value of Tumor Deposits in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

Tumor nodules or tumor deposits (TDs) are a histopathological prognostic factor that are associated with a negative evolutionary course in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). There are still controversial aspects of TDs, including how they should be integrated into the TNM classification system. The objective of this study was to analyze the predictive value of TDs for cancer-related survival (CRS) and time-to-recurrence survival (TTR) and to evaluate the prognostic value of TDs in patients whose tumors also presented lymph node metastasis (LNM). In this retrospective observational study, all patients treated for CRC between January 2010 and December 2020 at the same hospital were included. CRS and TTR were classified by tumor stage. The results were compared between patients whose tumors had TDs and patients whose tumors did not. A total of 1426 patients met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis. TDs were detected in 178 patients (12.5%): 60 had tumors without LNM, and 118 had LNM. Patients with TD tumors had a lower CRS at 60 months after diagnosis (42% vs. 82%; p < 0.001) and a shorter TTR (34% vs. 79%; p < 0.001). Cox multiple regression analysis revealed that the presence of TD was associated with an increased risk of death from CRC (HR: 1.820; 95% CI: 1.327-2.496) and an increased risk of recurrence (HR: 2.315; 95% CI: 1.743-3.073). In each N stage category, the CRS was significantly lower in the subgroup with TD+: in patients with N1a tumors, the CRS was 44% when TD+ vs. 70% when TD- (p = 0.019); in the N1b group it was 36% vs. 66% (p < 0.001); in the N2a group it was 34% vs. 58% (p = 0.012); and in N2b tumors it was 23% vs. 53% (p = 0.031). The present study shows that the information on the presence of TDs is complementary to that provided by LNM and allows the identification of subgroups of patients in each N stage determined by two metrics, CRS and TTR. TDs should be included in the definition of TNM system categories in patients who simultaneously present with LNM.