Categorical Apparatus Research Articles

OPPORTUNITIES FOR TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS THROUGH OPPORTUNITIES FOR TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS THROUGH DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL RESOURCEDIGITAL EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE

The article describes the possible aspects of the organization of the methodology of teaching mathematics in primary classes through digital educational resources, content. The theoretical analysis is carried out and the content analysis of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of digital education in the concepts of "information competence, information technologies", "digital resource" is presented. The possibilities of "digital education" in primary classes are characterized generically in all the main subjects. There will also be samples of digital content prepared for the section "learning in parts" in the 4th grade according to the methodology of teaching mathematics in primary classes. In the section Research results, the article presents an algorithm for preparing digital resources. It is explained that the preparation of digital educational resources consists of text-based annimations, multimedia components (video clips, synthesizing images), and sound objects. A scenario for the preparation of digital content will be developed. The advantages of using digital resources in teaching mathematics in primary classes in the development of students ' cognitive abilities are analyzed. For example, the advantages of accessibility of education, personality-oriented learning, creation of an information educational environment, the possibility of choosing an individual trajectory, creative activity, motivational breakthrough, demonstration situation, etc. are described.

CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORICAL APPARATUS OF SECURITY SCIENCE

Background. Security research in the field of entrepreneurial activity requires the coordination of legal, economic, managerial conceptual and categorical apparatus, necessitates the systematization of scientists’ approaches to the interpretation of basic concepts, in order to ensure effective protection. The aim of the article is to present the definition of «object of legal security of business», improving the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the science of security, the formation of theoretical foundations for business security. Materials and methods. The information base is the legislation of Ukraine, scientific research, conceptual apparatus of security science. The methodology is based on the use of general scientific and special methods. Results. We propose to distinguish the concept of «object of business security», «object of legal security of business», «subject of business security». The object of security of entrepreneurial activity, as a material category, is the enterprise itself in its various manifestations, aspects of activity. The object of business security is a set of protected legitimate interests of the enterprise (economic, informational, corporate), which are encroached upon. The classification of objects of legal security of business activity is given. Conclusion. Supporting the general position of scientists of the system approach, in this study the material (regulatory, declarative, abstract, ideal) and procedural (activity, procedural) concepts of security science are distinguished. In fact, we consider security as a material abstract phenomenon – an idealized state of security. We consider security from a procedural point of view – as an activity to achieve a state of security. Keywords: security of entrepreneurial activity, legal organization of security of entrepreneurial activity.

TEACHING STUDENTS LIFE SAFETY IN CONDITIONS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS IN THE COURSE OF STUDYING EDUCATIONAL COMPONENT «SAFETY SCIENCE»

The article considers the issue of teaching students life safety in emergencies within the educational component «Safety Science.»
 It is noted that the pandemic of the corona virus spread to the whole world in 2020. For two years, the lives of Ukrainians have changed radically. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the work and income of the population and caused changes in lifestyle, leisure, and communication.
 The urgency of the issue of acquainting student youth with life safety in emergencies is noted. It is noted that the discipline «Safety Science» occupies an essential place in the course of training specialists with a bachelor’s degree.
 The syllabus of this discipline provides students with mastery of the categorical apparatus of life safety, acquaintance with natural and man-made hazards of the living environment, socio-political hazards, and social hazards, including social conflicts using conventional weapons and weapons of mass destruction.
 Considerable attention should be paid to the issue of teaching students life safety in emergencies. The article considers the content of this topic. The definition of the category «emergencies» is given, and their division into classes is considered. The peculiarities of the creation and activity of the State Emergency Commissions are analyzed. The peculiarities of the functioning of the Unified State System of Civil Protection are considered.
 The article also considers the specifics of the organization of people’s lives in emergencies, and measures to eliminate their consequences. It is noted that due to emergencies that destroy houses, buildings, roads, contamination of the area with radioactive and chemical substances, flooding, fires, etc., people may find themselves in blockages, damaged, flooded, or burning houses, and other unforeseen situations. As a result, measures are needed to rescue people, provide them with first aid, and evacuate them to medical facilities. At present, in the conditions of hostilities, the ability to provide first aid to victims is gaining relevance. It is crucial to develop such skills in the younger generation; considers the possibilities of forming students’ knowledge about the necessary measures to rescue people, provide them with first aid, and evacuate them to medical institutions. Particularly relevant in the current martial law coverage in the educational process of first aid for people with bleeding, dislocations, fractures, hypothermia, frostbite, thermal and chemical burns, and poisoning by poisons of various origins. Timely provision and proper conduct of first aid are aimed at saving the life of the victim, which has a positive effect on the further successful treatment and prevents the development of serious complications. 
 The issue of basic safety rules during the war requires further scientific research and implementation in the educational process. It is planned to develop several algorithms for action in case of chemical danger, radiation accident, and behavior during hostilities.

JUSTIFICATION OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PAYBACK AND BREAK-EVEN POINTS IN THE PRODUCTION ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES

Substantiation of differences between payback and break-even points in the production activities of enterprises is concerned. The method of modeling and research of economic phenomena and processes is offered. The methodological basis of this approach are two elements: the creation of a formalized economic categorical apparatus and the construction of mathematical models of economic processes. The essence of the formation of the categorical apparatus is as follows: three primary categories are proposed, on the basis of which all secondary ones are defined axiomatically. The application of this categorical apparatus makes it possible to solve the following main issues: to formulate the content of qualitative economic concepts (categories) of "stock" and "flow"; to introduce into economic practice such an important indicator as "economic acceleration", as a result of which there is an opportunity to reasonably model and study nonlinear economic processes; change the understanding of many economic concepts - "value", "price", etc., because they become categories that have separate units of measurement, and therefore formed indicators that are significantly different from traditional ("cost", "profit price", etc.). But most importantly, it ultimately provides an opportunity to model and explore important economic processes and indicators. The application of the proposed category apparatus is shown on the example of modeling and research of economic processes occurring at the enterprise in the implementation of operational activities - production and sale of manufactured products. The most important element of this activity is the substantiation of payback and break-even points that correspond to a given technological process. The disadvantage of existing approaches to substantiate these indicators is that when describing these processes using traditional concepts, researchers often confuse which point they consider - payback or break-even, as the main indicators in the obtained models are almost the same - on the X-axis "production volumes ” are put, and on the Y axis -“ costs ”and“ sales ”. Therefore, the main difference between these points is not in the name of the elements of the study (their name is the same in both cases), but in their essence. In the first case, when the payback point is determined, these indicators are considered as a "stock", and in the second - when determining the break-even point - in the form of flows. This means that in order to avoid mistakes, it is necessary to understand clearly in which space (stocks or flows) research should be carried out. Keywords: economic categories, stock, flow, economic acceleration, payback point, break-even point, fixed and variable costs, one-time and current costs.

Біоекономіка як сучасна парадигма економічного розвитку

One of the most relevant scientific studies of social economic policy of countries around the world is the development of bio-oriented economy. Many countries are creating new models of innovative development, one of which is bioeconomy. The purpose of the study is to determine the priorities of implementation bioeconomics model of innovative development in Ukraine. The main task of the study is to outline the possibilities use of new innovative methods of production on the basis of development of a bio-oriented economy. General scientific and special research methods: method of theoretical generalization for the formation of their own approach to understanding of the new paradigm of economic development on a bioeconomics basis; morphological analysis to clarify the conceptual and categorical apparatus regarding the researched problem; method of system analysis for the study of scientific and legal principles bioeconomy development. The article describes a new direction of economic development at which is reused and recycled, conditions are created for multiple, cyclical use of resources that creates a basis for the formation of the bioeconomy. The necessity of using modern knowledge in economics is considered human activities to restore the environment on the basis of the latest production technologies and biological resources. Characterized State bioeconomics strategies of the EU and Ukraine for development bioeconomy. One should notice that the bioeconomy is considered a key basis of modern innovative areas of economic development. It is based on extensive use of biotechnology and the use of biological renewable resources for production and energy production. Attention is drawn to the fact that the priority areas of the bioeconomy are creating preconditions for the economical use of natural resources, minimization of environmental risks and integration of biotechnological knowledge in different sectors of the economy and the establishment of economic ties between industries that were not previously the subject of the study. It is concluded that the role of the core of the bioeconomy is performed by the rural economy, as it is the main raw material base. Bioeconomy based on biomass and biotechnology where the main components are renewable biomass sources, in particular of agricultural origin.

Aesthetic values as an object of research: from an Aesthetic to Cultural studies’ generalization

The purpose of the article is to prove the expediency and scientific, methodological, conceptual, and categorical potential of Cultural studies as a science that may offer an updated perspective for the study of the problem of aesthetic values. Methodology. Methods of scientific analysis, comparison, and generalization during the elaboration of the source base and the method of systematization are used to determine the traditional and innovative directions of research of the problem of aesthetic values. Scientific novelty. The article considers the interdisciplinary and generalizing potential of Cultural studies on the example of the problem of study aesthetic values. The existing tendency to move the analysis of problems of humanities from separate sciences to the plane of interdisciplinary is emphasized. It was accented on the novelty and relevance of such interdisciplinary research within Cultural studies. Conclusions. The approach of Cultural studies offers an increase in the scale of generalization from aesthetic to actually global, which combines the experience of studying scientific problems in the traditional and extended areas. Given the fact that on the one hand, all material and spiritual values which surround man were born from culture, because culture is the cumulative result of productive human activity, and, on the other hand, culture absorbs them, being phenomenon generalized, interdisciplinary approach of Cultural studies is able to suggest an updated perspective on this problem on the border of traditional and non-traditional sciences and through the improvement of its conceptual and categorical apparatus to offer new ways to study.

Administrative and legal principles of provision of public services in entrepreneurship activities

Introduction. The issue of studying the administrative and legal framework for the provision of public services within certain activities, including the ones in the field of entrepreneurship, is relevant for Ukraine. Conceptual and categorical apparatus, which could be further used in the professional literature, law-making and law-enforcement practice, is still insufficiently developed. The purpose of the paper is to define the content of the concept of administrative legal principles for the provision of public services in entrepreneurship taking into account the latest trends in administrative law, legal practice and changes in the national legislation. The methods used in the study are comparative legal, formal legal, logical and semantic as well as analysis and synthesis. Results. The need to define the concepts that make up the categorical basis for the study of administrative and legal principles of public services in the field of entrepreneurial activity is revealed. The analysis of scholars’ views on understanding the essence of the category of administrative and legal principles is conducted. The practice of applying the term of administrative and legal principles in domestic legislation is generalized. The concept of public services is analyzed and defined. The concept of entrepreneurial activity is formulated. Conclusion. It is stated that entrepreneurship activity is a strategic factor and an internal source of economic development and material well-being of the population of Ukraine under the market conditions. Administrative and legal principles of providing public services in the field of entrepreneurship activity is a set of characteristics of social phenomena and legal relations in the field of providing public services for entrepreneurship, which needs to be regulated by the administrative and legal means and provide categorical, regulatory and organizational-management support.

The System of Modern Social Work with Children with Disabilities in the Context of Neuropedagogy: Traditions and Innovations

The article deals with the interaction of sociology, in particular the practice of social work, with neuropedagogy and neuropsychology; The main political, legal and pedagogical principles of neuropedagogy of disability are outlined. Taking into account the new inclusive paradigm of disability, modern social, pedagogical and psychological approaches to accompanying children with special needs, the points of intersection of neuropsychology with other socio-humanitarian disciplinesю There is also a brief digression into the formation of neuropedagogy as a science, the classical principles that formed its basis and the main achievements in modern times (since the 70's of the twentieth century). The article identifies and compares a set of psychophysiological and social problems of children with disabilities, which can be solved by the integrated use of social support and neuropedagogy. The expediency of development and implementation of scientific results of the newest interdisciplinary field - neurosociology is substantiated. During the research, methods relevant for theoretical works were used - historical excursion, analysis of theoretical material, generalization, comparison, interdisciplinary extrapolation. The discussion revealed that the patterns obtained during the study of traditions and innovations in the system of social work and neuropedagogical support are currently relevant and widely analyzed in scientific discourse: in sociology, pedagogy, psychology, defectology, correction, rehabilitation and medicine. It is established that the prospect of further research is a constructive synthesis of the above disciplines in the field of neurosociology with the development and delineation of a universal categorical apparatus and methodological and diagnostic tools.

FORMATION STRATEGIES ENTERPRISES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARKET INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Topicality. Prospects for the development of the market of innovative technologies cannot be considered without taking into account the innovative activity of the business entity, because this activity turns the idea, knowledge, patent, technology into a competitive innovative product (product, service) that will meet the needs of population, state and other business entities. . Innovative activity is considered to be the result of scientific, technical and intellectual activity, ie innovations of the business entity are transformed into a specific product for the market of innovative technologies. In this regard, the motivation (internal motivation) of the business entity to develop the market of innovative technologies is manifested in how effectively it develops its scientific, technical and innovative activities, which, in turn, is impossible without the formation of its management appropriate motivation strategies. Thus, the development of strategies to motivate business structures to develop the market of innovative technologies is an important task of their owners and management. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to study and develop a methodological approach to the development of innovative strategies for motivating enterprises, taking into account exogenous determinants of the market of innovative technologies. Research results. Author improves the categorical apparatus of theories of strategic management and proposes a methodical approach to the selection and formation of innovative strategies of enterprises in terms of market development of innovative technologies. Conclusion. The article presents some research results on the development of a methodological approach to the formation of innovation strategies of business entities in terms depending on the level of influence of exogenous determinants of the market of innovative technologies and endogenous determinants of its internal environment that affect the effectiveness of its innovation and science and technology.

METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR BUILDING A MODEL OF COORDINATION FLOWS OF SYNERGY EFFECT FROM INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SUBJECTS OF THE MARKET OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Topicality. Transformational changes in the era of building an intelligent society - Society 5.0, the emergence of "digital capitalism" in the world and the course taken by Ukraine towards digitalization in aggregate lead to a new organizational practice of entrepreneurship and economic management, where innovations in the field of science and technology will play a leading role in ensuring balanced economic development and solving social problems. The above has led to the intensification of activities related to the processing and dissemination of information in management structures, which has become an important area of work in economic research in Ukraine. This explains the need to take into account in practice the informational relationships between the subjects of management structures in the context of the digitalization of the Ukrainian economy and the coordination of their actions.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to develop and substantiate the methodological foundations for constructing a model of coordination flows of synergistic effect from interaction between the subjects of the market of innovative technologies.Research results. The component base of construction of model of coordination streams of synergetic effect from interaction between subjects of the market of innovative technologies on the basis of economic synergetics and the theory of "soft" modeling on the following components is offered and substantiated; conceptual and categorical apparatus of modeling; conceptual approach to building a model of coordination flows to calculate the synergetic effect of the interaction between the subjects of the market of innovative technologies; elements of information interaction of participants of managerial relations; organizational and hierarchical structure of the model of coordination flows to calculate the synergetic effect of the interaction between the subjects of the market of innovative technologies.Conclusion. The model of coordination flows to calculate the synergetic effect of the interaction between the subjects of the market of innovative technologies is a three-tier management system, which has the main characteristics of multidimensional hierarchical systems. The range of information change varies from "0" to "1" and allows the selection of the information base to use the method of integrated assessment and expert observation. The main result of the decision according to this model is to obtain sufficient (optimal) quantity and quality of information by each management entity in the market of innovative technologies, which allows to formulate a general quasi-optimal solution facing the market of innovative technologies of Ukraine.This model is universal and can be used to analyze any information flows, as well as it is advisable to use in the construction of hybrid models of decision-making in the management of the processes of the market of innovative technologies.

Administrative and legal status of the National Agency of Ukraine for Detection, Investiga- tion and Management of Assets Obtained from Corruption and Other Crimes

In the work, using general and special scientific research methods, and the specific combination de-pends on the purpose and objectives of the study. The use of methods of formal logic makes it possible to define, clarify and supplement certain concepts and supplement certain terminological categories and, accordingly, to sys-tematize the conceptual and categorical apparatus. Methods of formal logic and logic of essence, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, analogy and induction are also used. The scientific novelty of this article is that it is the result of scientific research on a number of problematic issues of the administrative and legal status of ARMA. The author concludes that the administrative and legal status of the National Agency of Ukraine for Detection, Investigation and Management of Assets Obtained from Corruption and Other Crimes is based on powers in the field of property confiscation management and successful implementation of relevant EU practice in Ukrainian legislation. These powers are not just a typical regulatory state activity, they form fundamen-tally new mechanisms of public-private partnership, which have no analogues in Ukraine so far. The consequence of the implementation of these powers was the creation of a new market for services for the management of seized property, as well as a stock market for seized property, different from the market for confiscated property. In the future, it would be interesting to examine the case law on appealing decisions on the transfer of financial assets to the management of ARMA. As well as expanding the powers of the National Agency of Ukraine for the detection, search and management of assets derived from corruption and other crimes

General characteristics of civil service systems

The article is devoted to highlighting the general features of different systems of civil service organization. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that Ukraine's participation in globalization and European integration processes reflects the need to study the experience of states that make up the Western legal tradition, which should focus on civil service systems, based on the tasks of the state in democratic societies. Ukraine.
 It is noted that in the postmodern era there is a need to rethink the classical models of civil service organization, analysis of modern systems of such organization and the formulation of generalized conclusions, their systematization. The purpose of the article is to systematize and generalize the various systems of civil service organization: classical, mixed and modern, available in the European political space.
 The focus is on the identification of three classic systems of civil service organization that are immanent to the states of the European community: career, job and mixed. The prevalence of the career model in these states is indicated, however, the states do not focus on the characteristics of such a model, using the contamination of individual features of each of these systems. There are such features of the career system of the civil service as strict compliance with the statutory requirements as a condition for career growth of the employee; disregard for experience in the private sector; features of remuneration and pension provision of civil servants; regulation of subordination relations; normative consolidation of rules of conduct for civil servants, etc.
 The defining feature of the modernization model of the civil service is the management of purely public interests and demands. The transient model assumes belonging to models with open orientation. The postmodernist model is an excellent vision, illuminating a new categorical apparatus (individual values, humanistic principles, openness).
 A characteristic feature of the mixed model is the contractual relationship between a public employee and a government agency.
 The significance of the main provisions and conclusions of the study is determined by the possibility of their use in public administration in Ukraine.

ON THE QUESTION OF DEFINING THE CONCEPT OF "DIGITAL CONSTITUTIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS" IN THE MODERN PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL SCIENCE

The scientific article considers issues related to the definition of the concept of "digital constitutional rights of citizens" and their inclusion in the categorical and conceptual apparatus of the science of constitutional law, in the norms of the constitutions of various states. The author offers an interpretation of this concept. Under "digital constitutional rights of citizens", in this scientific article, a set of universal equal opportunities for human behavior enshrined in the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is meant, and these opportunities determine the procedure for the implementation of individual and joint activities to use digital electronic services, information, digital technologies, digital products, the procedure for guaranteeing protection their rights in the information space. The article proposes ideas, initiatives and suggestions in terms of forecasting the development of digital constitutional human rights that a person currently possesses, using the new information and communication opportunities provided by the global Internet. Conclusions. An analysis of the practice of international legal documents led the author to the conclusion that despite the fact that international organizations are making attempts to regulate relations in this area, work on substantiating digital constitutional norms in some countries is limited to the development of state programs in which normative legal acts are adopted and introduced changes in the norms of sectoral legislation, in other countries the discussion of this problem is only from the perspective of scientific constitutionalists. It is necessary to start work on a comprehensive international program of international legal regulation of relations in the field of digital rights with the involvement of the international legal community, representatives of the science of constitutional law. This will contribute to the development of a categorical and conceptual apparatus in this area of knowledge.

ON SOME ASPECTS OF SOCIO-CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Purpose of the study. The article considers and analyzes the results of a socio-criminological study conducted on human trafficking in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors substantiate the thesis about the insufficiency of existing measures to combat human trafficking, which determines the need to find the most optimal, modern and timely legislative and law enforcement tools. The paper notes that the study obtained specific results related to the study of the features of the formation and optimization of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the system of crimes related to human trafficking at the international and national levels; ideas, initiatives, proposals, and key results were developed in terms of modeling the policy of countering crimes related to human trafficking and their implementation in scientific and methodological, practical activities of human rights, law enforcement, and international organizations. Results. Within the framework of the study, the authors conclude that the main reasons for the origin of cases of human trafficking in the Republic of Kazakhstan are poverty, limited economic opportunities for access to effective employment, education, a significant difference in the level of economic development between countries and regions within the country, the crisis of the family, family values, domestic violence, the growth of dysfunctional families, general gender inequality, alcoholism, social orphanhood, and peculiarities of mentality. Social status, low level of education, young age, and psychoemotional state are also factors that increase the chances of becoming a victim of human trafficking.

О полисемии понятия «фикция» в языке права

The article substantiates the idea that one of the factors of the development of legal science, in particular legal technology, is the degree of development of its categorical and conceptual apparatus. As one of the reasons preventing its formation is called inherent in any language property - polysemy. On the example of studying such a category as fiction, refracted through the prism of law, the negative consequences caused by its ambiguity are demonstrated. It is concluded that there is a need for a clear distinction between the existing meanings of words in the course of the formulation of special legal terms.

Цифровое право: проблемы формирования категориального аппарата

In the conditions of information civilization, the advanced countries of the world are moving to the format of the digital economy. This leads to the emergence of new digital phenomena for society and every person. Digital law as an innovative phenomenon for Russian society arises in connection with the need to develop new mechanisms for regulating legal relations in the digital information environment. However, debatable questions about the definitions of key categories and concepts that make up the categorical apparatus of digital law lead to inconsistencies in the adopted laws, which subsequently manifests itself in the problems of regulating digital social relations in society. The article considers the main contradictions and problems of terminology in digital law at the present stage of development.

Information interventions as a new dimension of Ukraine's cyber-vulnerability

In the article, the author analyzes information interventions as threats to the cybernetic security of Ukraine. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that large number of socially dangerous acts aimed at harming state interests can now be used both in the information space and in purely cyberspace. Since such actions are performed using computer systems and performed in cyberspace, we propose to define this type of intervention as “cybernetic intervention”, describing it as a separate group of socially dangerous acts aimed at damaging the information infrastructure of States, vital areas of society's existence. The main aim of this study is to analyze information intervention as a threat to cyber security of Ukraine. The interpretation of terms that make up the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the subject of research is carried out. A narrow definition of the concept of “information intervention” is proposed as the violent intervention of one or more subjects of information relations in the activities of another or others, and a broad definition – a certain set of aggressive actions that are aimed at influencing public opinion and decision-making within one or another country and achieving clearly defined results.

FORMATION OF GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS BY MEANS OF INTERESTING LINGUISTICS

The questions of formation of grammatical competence as a component of an individual’s linguistic competence have been considered, the essence of the definition of “grammatical competence” has been analyzed and author’s comprehension of this notion has been suggested. The structural components of grammatical competence (grammatical knowledge, grammatical skills and abilities and grammatical awareness) have been singled out. It has been emphasized that the study of grammatical system of a language requires logical operations, such as scientific information analysis, ability to compare, relate and summarize the linguistic facts and deduce certain regularities. The possibilities of the subject “Formation of primary school students’ language personality by means of interesting Linguistics” in the process of formation of students’ grammatical competence in the context of linguistic subjects cycle have been outlined. Special attention has been paid to the application of interesting Linguistics elements while teaching students notional and categorical apparatus. It has been suggested to take into account the interpretation of linguistic terms by linguists, consider and correspond the modern ones with their equivalents in the old Grammar books. It has been proved that the definition of the term “Grammar” has been narrowed down diachronically. There have been outlined the other methods and techniques applied to form student’s grammatical competence (revealing linguistic notions etymology, using linguistic aphorisms, Comparative Historical Linguistics elements, didactic poetry, linguistic fairytales, entertaining tasks, exercises, jokes, learning projects) that contribute to enlargement of future teachers’ scientific perspective and their professional level growth.

Legal basis of formation and development of innovative potential

Problem setting. Effective innovation is possible only if the relevant subjects use the entire arsenal of innovation resources. At the same time, the issues of using the innovation potential are becoming increasingly important, especially in the context of the need to intensify innovation as a challenge to the global economy. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The work of many scientists, such as M. Bondarchuk, M. Voynarenko, V. Grishko, V. Zakharchenko, O. Ovechkina, V. Stadnyk, O. Arefieva, V. Vitlinsky, N. Goncharova, V. Medinsky and others. Article’s main body. One of the main principles of the state innovation policy is the creation of conditions for the preservation, development and use of domestic scientific, technical and innovative potential. Innovation potential is a key factor in economic growth, taking into account the priority of supporting research (which is one of the foundations of innovation potential) and creating an effective infrastructure that will facilitate the commercialization of innovation results. The concept of innovation potential is one of the key concepts of the categorical apparatus of innovation research and is a key factor of economic growth, but in modern legal and economic literature and current national legislation there is no clear definition of its concept, structure and powers of certain government agencies to ensure its development. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The effectiveness of innovation directly depends on a certain innovation potential, which in its structure is a system of interrelated factors and resources that ensure effective innovation. Therefore, to ensure the appropriate level of formation and development of innovation potential, first of all it is necessary to: create an effective innovation infrastructure that will promote the commercialization of innovation results; directing the state policy on the use of intellectual resources in order to develop high-tech industries and create favorable conditions for the intensification of innovation; improving the regulatory and legal support of innovative economic development.

Solo Living During the Covid-19 Pandemic: International Sociological Research Experience

The present paper concerns the research related to solo life during the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting quarantine restrictions in different countries around the world. The definition of the concept of "solo life" is given, and the corresponding phenomenon is analyzed. Taking into account the existing publications about solo living in a pandemic, the main problems that its representatives may face are highlighted, namely: problems of social well-being, problems of perception and compliance with quarantine restrictions, problems of employment and labor relations, physical isolation and problems of finding romantic relationships. The ways to overcome these problems are considered, in particular, such as creating "bubbles" of communication, intensifying communication with relatives, friends, and colleagues. The most appropriate research methods for the specified social group are determined. It is concluded that there is a need for a comprehensive study of solo living using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Such limitations of using the data of the analysis carried out as insufficient development of the categorical apparatus, which causes difficulties in comparing the results of various studies, are outlined; focus on the problems of women who adhere to the solo lifestyle; differences in the implementation of quarantine measures in different countries and monitoring their compliance. Despite the fact that most of the countries where the analyzed studies were conducted are socially and economically more developed than Ukraine, it is proved that in our country some of the listed problems may be deeper: new difficulties may arise due to the situation in the post-Soviet space. The range of issues that update the study of solo living in Ukraine during the pandemic is determined, namely: the problems of single elderly people; the economic situation of people living solo; the ineffectiveness of social policies aimed at supporting solo individuals. It is concluded that the main issue in the study of solo living in Ukraine is the determination of its socio-cultural specifics.