Catchment Area Management Research Articles

Sediment dredging assessment of the Mrica Banjarnegara hydroelectric reservoir based on technical and economic aspects

Waluyo G, Laksono FXAT, Zaenurrohman JA, Mishra M, Piranti AS, Kovács J. 2024. Sediment dredging assessment of the Mrica Banjarnegara hydroelectric reservoir based on technical and economic aspects. Lake Reserv Manage. 40:145–158. The Mrica Dam, built in Banjarnegara Regency, Indonesia, in 1988, was designed to have a usable life of 50 yr. However, the current life span is estimated to be less than 50 yr due to a decrease in the dam’s capacity. This dam is facing a significant challenge in the form of intensive sedimentation, resulting in siltation issues. Active measures such as dredging efforts and catchment area management have been initiated to address this problem and prolong the dam’s durability. Consequently, a comprehensive technical and economic analysis is imperative to gauge the efficacy of the dredging program. The engineering aspect of the study focused on sedimentation dispersal patterns and the identification of suitable dredging methods to combat the sedimentation problem effectively. Meanwhile, the economic review factored in both the cost of dredging operations and the profits derived from the sale of sedimentation materials. The findings from our assessment reveal the existence of 17 lucrative spoil banks, yielding an average annual gain of USD 118,575. However, it is crucial to note that dredging the foreset slope costs USD 1.65 million per year. Optimally, the most effective and efficient dredging initiatives should commence at the foreset slope and extend upstream of the dam. A strategically positioned disposal area has been designated south of the dredging location to facilitate the mobilization of dredged products. In conclusion, our analysis indicates that the cost incurred by the company for dredging the dam exceeds the profit generated from the sale of sedimentation materials.

Mitigation of Flood Risks with the Aid of the Critical Points Method

Concentrated surface run-off caused by torrential rain leads to the transport of sediments from soil erosion processes within catchment areas of critical points, which represents a basic component of flood risks. Clear identification of such critical points offers a basis for a suitable new strategy of threat mitigation, via both organizational and structural measures in catchment areas. Critical points are determined in places where generated paths of concentrated surface run-off cross given boundaries of built-up areas. The threshold values for the catchment area of a critical point were derived on the basis of hydrological calculations, field research, and the evaluation of hundreds of specific manifestations of damage in built-up areas for particular critical profiles. The characteristics were determined as follows: contributing area between 0.3 and 10 km2, average slope more than 3.5%, and percentage of arable land more than 40%. Indicator F was determined for the distribution of the territory of the Czech Republic according to the risk of flooding. Knowledge of the existence of critical points enables the implementation of preventive measures, the evaluation of flood risk associated with the transport of sediment due to erosion processes, and the improvement of management measures in respective catchment areas, even before an event occurs. The proposed procedure outputs shall be reflected in spatial planning documentation, land consolidation, and catchment area management plans. Incorporation of critical points into open-access public web-maps can help with assessing the semi-quantitative expression of risk to built-up areas arising from the threat of local flooding.

A short note on Siak River, Sumatra, Indonesia

The Siak River is recorded as the deepest rivers in Indonesia and used as main transportation route since long time ago for bid ship. Due to high human activities, most of the natural resources are disturbed; however there is limited studies related to impact of disturbance on natural resources. This study aimed to record the natural resources of the Siak River both vegetation and fisheries as well as to assess the environmental stress due to human activities around the areas. About 26 species of dominant vegetation was recorded which exotic and invasive plant species had invaded the catchment areas of the Siak River. Fish population and fishermen income were recorded decreasing due to increasing the environmental disturbances. Due to land conversion, sedimentations were occurred. Then environmental pressures on the Siak River were intense by the rapid development of industries and the pollutants are causing risk for humans, biodiversity and environment. Therefore, a good catchment area management need to be implemented to restore the natural resources of the Siak River ecosystem.

Land Surface Coverage, Main Vegetation and Physical Soil Characteristics of West Side of Lawu Mountain

Sustainability of catchment area management of a mountain requeres identification the vegetation and condition of the major vegetation. This reserachs purpouse was characterizing major vegetation, coverage and soil properties at 1000 m elevation sea level to the top of Lawu mountain. Survey was started by identification of every vegetation unit followed by taking soil sample that was analyzed in laboratory for identifying the properties. Sampling and identification conducted close by common climbing track line to the top, including Jogorogo and Cemoro Sewu East Java, and Cemoro Kandang and Sukuh Central java. Coverage of vegetation used sattellite immage landsad and was analyzed by Arview software. Results showed that intens and dense forest was 36,22% and the other was rare density forest. Major vegetation of Lawu mountain was Pinus ( Pinus merkusii ), Cemara ( Casuarina equisatifolia ), Tanganan ( Schleptera sp ), Akasia gunung ( Acasia decurren ), rumput vestuca, Cantigi ( Vaccinium sp ) kayu pasang ( Lithocarpus pruinusa ) and vegetables on agriculture land. Every type of vegetation unit had different soil physycal properties of topsoil, while elevation had effect on soil bulk volume and porocity.

Pengelolaan DAS Kota Padang Berbasiskan Sistem Informasi Geografis

Changes in soil physical and socio-economic life of the people Padang City be the cause of a decrease the condition of the watershed (DAS). Catchment area management can be done through an assessment of the components of a watershed both spatial and attribute in a system that is comprehensive and and done with integrated management. Preparation of physical watershed data done by utilizing the technology of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in which GIS has the ability to perform the presentation of data DAS and spatial analyzes to look at the ability of the DAS.

MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR TAIWAN SHIMEN RESERVOIR CATCHMENT AREA: PERSPECTIVES OF COLLABORATIVE PLANNING

In Taiwan there are 113 reservoir catchment areas delineated as public water source protection areas covering 25% of the country’s land area. Many important reservoir areas are vulnerable to global climate change, and water resources are already under increasing ecological, societal, hydrological and economic pressures. In this research, a case study of Shimen Reservoir catchment area management was constructed. The research utilizes the collaborative planning model. Thirteen factors under the categories of “land use”, “water quality protection”, “quantity of water supply and demand”, “water and soil conservation”, and “laws and institutions” were identified and corresponding response strategies are proposed. In order to optimize the use of limited government budgets and resources, the factors and corresponding response strategies were assessed and ranked in terms of their comparative impacts. The Analytical Network Process (ANP) was employed in this research for quantifying multiple stakeholder's’ perceptions of the above mentioned factors and response strategies. The ANP results show that “national land planning” is the most important issue, under which “the extent of land use” is the strongest factor. “Public participation” is shown to be the strategy of the highest priority, under which land development’s environmental impacts need to be reviewed, and an information management platform needs to be established so that value added analysis can be performed in support of catchment management strategic planning. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v7i1.244

重信川流域における栄養塩流出特性に関する調査研究

Run off characteristics of nutrients from small basins in Sigenobu river catchment area were invested in detail. These characteristics are summarized by using L-Q curve relationship, and first flush phenomenon in which nutrients concentration increased quickly during the early stage were observed in the cases of SS, T-P, PO4-P, and T-N. Detail observation was conducted in Yuwatari area in which urbanized area, citrus grove, and forest exist. SS and phosphorus concentration in discharged water increased with the increase of flow rate of discharged water, which means the pattern of the loading rate of SS and phosphorus was "washout type". Run of amounts of T-P and T-N were calculated and 84% of T-P, and 61% of T-N were discharged during rainy days. Management of catchment area in rainy days is more important than in fine days in the area.

Catchment Management and Its Effects on Arable Lands of Zimbabwe: A Look beyond the Fast Track Land Reform Program

This study was carried out in selected districts of Mashonaland East and Central provinces of Zimbabwe in 2011 to determine the effects of soil erosion on arable lands and how this related to catchment management. Results show that the highest contribution is 53% and is obtained from arable land codes 5 and 7. These fields show signs of excessive sheet and gully erosion. The least contribution is 0.8% and this is on arable land codes 3, 4 and 8. These fields have properly done conservation works existing. 33% of the assessed arable lands have conservation works in place whilst 67% are not protected and as such the fields are eroded. Soil erosion results in the washing away of the precious top soil, responsible for plant growth and infiltration of rain or irrigation water. This reduces the usefulness of such affected arable lands as crops grown on it can’t thrive due to lack of soil fertility. The paper recommends that government policies focus more on promoting sustainable land use through integrated catchment area management. This will go a long way in achieving sustainable development in Zimbabwe.

Cyanobacterial blooms in shallow lakes of the Iławskie Lake District

Cyanobacterial blooms in shallow lakes of the Iławskie Lake DistrictThe dominance of blue-green algae observed in many lakes is related to a high trophic level. Shallow eutrophic lakes are particularly often abundant in blue-green algae. The research on phytoplankton, the results of which are presented in this paper, was carried out between 2002 and 2005 in six lakes. These lakes differed considerably in their size and management methods applied in the catchment (drainage) area. A few types of water blooms were distinguished, which is related to the catchment area management, the intensity of mixing and the trophic level. Algal blooms of the Planktothrix type appeared in lakes situated in an open area of agricultural catchment basins. Algal blooms of the Limnothrix type were characteristic of lakes with a forest-agricultural catchment area but surrounded by high shores, which reduced the wind influence on the mixing. Sporadic mixed algal blooms were typical of lakes situated in forest catchment areas.

The effect of catchment area management on biogenic element concentrations in the water of small ponds

Abstract The aim of this study, conducted during the 1997-2001 period in the Olsztyn Lakeland, was to determine the effect of soil type and land use in the catchment areas of small ponds, on the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, as well as calcium and potassium, in water. The concentrations of all the nutrients (except for nitrite ions) in the water of small ponds were found to be significantly correlated with the soil type dominating in the catchment area. The domination of loamy sands in the catchment areas of small ponds caused an increase in the concentrations of nitrates, phosphorus and potassium, while the domination of light silty loam caused an increase the calcium content of the water. The highest and lowest concentrations of phosphorus compounds and potassium were recorded in water from small ponds located in agricultural (arable land - AL, fallow - FA) and afforested catchments, respectively.

Analysing water quality changes due to reservoir management and climate change for optimization of drinking water treatment

Reservoir water for drinking water production may undergo major short-term and long-term quality changes. These are results of natural processes in the water body and of the water's quality entering and leaving the reservoir. Long term quality changes are due to management of catchment areas, but also to a considerable extent by external impacts like climate change. Short term quality changes are impacted by extreme events like rain storms after drought periods, which might also be a result of climate change. Furthermore, short- and mid-term quality changes are impacted by reservoir management, which also influences the ecological state of rivers downstream the reservoir. The purpose of our work is to develop a decision support tool for reservoir management which takes into account short-, mid- and long-term factors for water quality change. With the tool it is intended to simulate not only water quality, but also management impact on flood risk prevention and drinking water quality (treatment efficiency and costs) and to assist decision making for reservoir management.

The integrated project AquaTerra of the EU sixth framework lays foundations for better understanding of river–sediment–soil–groundwater systems

The integrated project “AquaTerra” with the full title “integrated modeling of the river–sediment–soil–groundwater system; advanced tools for the management of catchment areas and river basins in the context of global change” is among the first environmental projects within the sixth Framework Program of the European Union. Commencing in June 2004, it brought together a multidisciplinary team of 45 partner organizations from 12 EU countries, Romania, Switzerland, Serbia and Montenegro. AquaTerra is an ambitious project with the primary objective of laying the foundations for a better understanding of the behavior of environmental pollutants and their fluxes in the soil–sediment–water system with respect to climate and land use changes. The project performs research as well as modeling on river–sediment–soil–groundwater systems through quantification of deposition, sorption and turnover rates and the development of numerical models to reveal fluxes and trends in soil and sediment functioning. Scales ranging from the laboratory to river basins are addressed with the potential to provide improved river basin management, enhanced soil and groundwater monitoring as well as the early identification and forecasting of impacts on water quantity and quality. Study areas are the catchments of the Ebro, Meuse, Elbe and Danube Rivers and the Brévilles Spring. Here we outline the general structure of the project and the activities conducted within eleven existing sub-projects of AquaTerra.

A cost-benefit analysis of the <i>Working for Water Programme</i> on selected sites in South Africa

The Working for Water Programme entails the removal of water-consuming alien vegetation and the restoration of low waterconsuming indigenous vegetation. It was implemented in 1995 to address the management of catchment areas in South Africa. The question of this programme’s economic feasibility in the Western Cape and in KwaZulu-Natal has been addressed by various authors. This paper addresses its feasibility in the Eastern Cape Province and regions of the southern Cape. Cost-benefit analyses are carried out on six sites: Tsitsikamma, Kouga, Port Elizabeth Driftsands, Albany, Kat River and Pott River. It is shown that catchment management on all the sites carried out by the Working for Water Programme is inefficient. This conclusion is subject to three qualifications. The first is that more work remains to be done on the evaluation of the nonwater benefits. Known non-water benefits, like fire damage reduction and preservation of biodiversity were not included in the calculations. The second qualification is that at lower discount rates, for instance 5%, the Kouga project is efficient. The third qualification is that if 30% cost savings could be achieved and a discount rate of 5% be employed, both the projects on the Kouga and Tsitsikamma sites will become efficient. These two projects are being run in catchments which serve areas where high consumptive demand exists.

Carbon isotope and C/N ratios of suspended matter in rivers: an indicator of seasonal change in C 4/C 3 vegetation

A combination of δ 13C values with C/N ratios in suspended matter has been used to examine the seasonal relationship between C 4 and C 3 vegetation along the Loess Plateau, NW China. The C isotopic composition of suspended organic matter in rivers, together with C/N ratios can differentiate between soil and plant material, and can be used to estimate the relative contributions of soil organic C and plant litter to the suspended matter. The relationship between C isotopic composition and C/N ratios indicates that the samples are a mixture of two end members: (1) modern soils with relatively constant δ 13C values, low C content and low C/N ratios; (2) plant litter with varying δ 13C values, high C content and high C/N ratios. The results reflect the seasonal distribution of C 4/C 3 vegetation within the area studied, as part of the Loess Plateau. The abundance of C 4 grasses is about 20% for the current summer vegetation ecosystem in the eastern part of the Loess Plateau. Hence, the use of δ 13C values and C/N ratios of suspended matter in rivers and modern soil may be useful for reflecting seasonal distribution of C 4/C 3 vegetation in catchments. This could be a useful tool for distinguishing between catchments for GIS studies, and long term planning for ecological management of catchment areas.

The Management of Water Colour in Peatland Catchments

ABSTRACTThe problems of water‐colour management in peatland catchments are discussed. Colour may be managed in three areas of the reservoir catchment system: on the catchment itself, in the channel/conduit system and within the reservoir. Whilst a number of workers have considered the management of catchment areas and some have evolved tributary turnout strategies, no previous research has considered the role of the reservoir in the amelioration or enhancement of water colour. The management of water colour at Thornton Moor catchment (near Bradford) is described. In this catchment a staged approach has been adopted, with colour being managed in an integrated manner at three stages along the catchment/conduit/reservoir system.

A Case Study of a Coordinated Care Program: Development and Implementation of Fort Sill's Catchment Area Management Project

One of the Department of Defense's initiatives to contain costs of the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services is the Catchment Area Management (CAM) Demonstration Project. CAM's fundamental coordinated care concept is to contain the military's health care costs by granting the military treatment facility (MTF) commander full clinical and fiscal responsibility for the health care of all beneficiaries within the MTF's catchment area. This article describes the CAM Demonstration Project at Fort Sill during its developmental and implementation phase from June 1989 to April 1991. The six operational goals of the CAM Project are identified and discussed. Additionally, nine essential lessons learned are briefly reviewed.

Catchment area management

Catchment area management

Conservation of water resources and management of catchment areas in upland Britain

While the over-riding need in the water-supply catchment areas of upland Britain is the conservation of good-quality water supplies to meet the growing demand from urban areas, much more flexibility is being introduced into the use and management of the gathering grounds of upland reservoirs. The combination of sheep-grazing, tourist facilities, and water-catchment protection, in the Trossachs area of Scotland, provides and example of the conservation of a clean water-supply together with controlled use of the agricultural and scenic resources of the area. The introduction of a more effective water-treatment plant in Longdendale, near Manchester, has permitted greater recreational use of the reservoir's gathering grounds, while Sheffield Corporation's forestry policy differs from the grazing policy of the Lower Clyde Water Board. Contrasts in management result from differing attitudes of the water-supply authorities, who all recognize the need for greater flexibility but are dominated by the demand for high-quality water supplies.