Number Of Caught Research Articles

BILLFISH CATCHES FROM OCEANIC RECREATIONAL FISHING IN THE ROYAL CHARLOTTE BANK, BAHIA, BRAZIL

The aim of this study was to analyze the oceanic recreational fishing in the Royal Charlotte Bank, state of Bahia, Brazil. Only data from an oceanic recreational fishing operator based in the municipality of Canavieiras, southern Bahia, were used, from 2012 to 2017. Overall, 103 fish specimens were caught and released, during this period, belonging to the following species: Makaira nigricans, Kajikia albida, and Istiophorus platypterus. Fishery operations occurred from October to March, with the highest catch in number in December (56.3%). The largest annual catch was recorded in 2013, with 39 individuals. The catch per unit effort ranged from 1.0 to 1.4 fishes per trip, with the highest value in December. Even though data presented here are partial, they can help to establish a strategic scenario for the fishing sector in Bahia, along with data from other fishing sectors (artisanal, industrial, subsistence and scientific).

Estimating the potential impact of Attractive Targeted Sugar Baits (ATSBs) as a new vector control tool for Plasmodium falciparum malaria

BackgroundAttractive targeted sugar baits (ATSBs) are a promising new tool for malaria control as they can target outdoor-feeding mosquito populations, in contrast to current vector control tools which predominantly target indoor-feeding mosquitoes.MethodsIt was sought to estimate the potential impact of these new tools on Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence in African settings by combining data from a recent entomological field trial of ATSBs undertaken in Mali with mathematical models of malaria transmission. The key parameter determining impact on the mosquito population is the excess mortality due to ATSBs, which is estimated from the observed reduction in mosquito catch numbers. A mathematical model capturing the life cycle of P. falciparum malaria in mosquitoes and humans and incorporating the excess mortality was used to estimate the potential epidemiological effect of ATSBs.ResultsThe entomological study showed a significant reduction of ~ 57% (95% CI 33–72%) in mosquito catch numbers, and a larger reduction of ~ 89% (95% CI 75–100%) in the entomological inoculation rate due to the fact that, in the presence of ATSBs, most mosquitoes do not live long enough to transmit malaria. The excess mortality due to ATSBs was estimated to be lower (mean 0.09 per mosquito per day, seasonal range 0.07–0.11 per day) than the bait feeding rate obtained from one-day staining tests (mean 0.34 per mosquito per day, seasonal range 0.28–0.38 per day).ConclusionsFrom epidemiological modelling, it was predicted that ATSBs could result in large reductions (> 30% annually) in prevalence and clinical incidence of malaria, even in regions with an existing high malaria burden. These results suggest that this new tool could provide a promising addition to existing vector control tools and result in significant reductions in malaria burden across a range of malaria-endemic settings.

Genetic variation of longtail tuna Thunnus tonggol landed in four fish markets in Indonesia based on mitochondrial DNA

Abstract. Astarini IA, Ningsih EY, Simanungkalit D, Ardiana SA, Al Malik MD, Yusmalinda NLA, Sembiring A, Pertiwi NPD, Cahyani NKD, Collins A. 2021. Genetic variation of longtail tuna Thunnus tonggol landed in four fish markets in Indonesia based on mitochondrial DNA. Biodiversitas 22: 1644-1651. Longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol, Family: Scombridae) is an economically valuable neritic species found in tropical and subtropical waters in the Indo-Pacific region. High catch numbers, which have been decreasing, could negatively impact this tuna’s population level. Little research has been conducted on the longtail tuna population in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity and potential population structure of longtail tuna landed in four fish markets in Indonesia (representing three sampling locations because two markets are relatively close to each other) based on sequences of a region of mitochondrial control region (d-loop). A total of 101 samples, out of 110, were identified and confirmed as T. tonggol species by amplifying and sequencing a fragment of d-loop (amplicons ranging from 482 - 523 bp). Neighbor-joining analysis resulted in a topology with all samples grouped into one clade with an average genetic distance of 0.020. Meanwhile, haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (?) values of the longtail tuna samples were 0.9939 and 0.0192, respectively. The fixation index (Fst) value was -0.00507, with p> 0.05, which indicates that there is no significant population structure among the longtail tuna collected from four fish markets representing three sampling locations. The results of this analysis can be used as basic data in planning sustainable fisheries management efforts.

EDNA metabarcoding fish in relation to the Water Framework Directive indices

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) recognizes fish as a biological quality element to determine the ecological health and quality of waterbodies. Therefore fish monitoring is carried out using conventional methods like electrofishing and seine fishing following standardized protocols. This data is then used in metrics that calculate ecological quality ratios (EQR) for waterbodies. eDNA-metabarcoding could prove an alternative to this conventional WFD-monitoring by offering high sensitivity, possibly lower costs and less invasive sampling. A large project was set up in the Netherlands together with STOWA and the waterboards to explore the possibilities to use eDNA-metabarcoding as an alternative way to carry out the WFD-monitoring for fish. In 2015 in a total of 55 WFD transects (250 meter) were sampled using eDNA-metabarcoding in parallel to the conventional WFD-monitoring. On average 60% mores species were detected with eDNA-metabarcoding. In 2016 a total of 9 whole waterbodies (small rivers/ lakes / canals) were samples in parallel. A sample strategy that mixed water collected from 3 long transects was compared to a strategy that sampled the 3 transects individually. The results showed that the strategy with mixed water samples resulted in nearly the same results at far lower costs. Furthermore a first comparison was made between the relative abundance in eDNA sequences and the relative abundance in biomass and numbers caught. Building on this project between 2018 and 2020 a total of 73 waterbodies were sampled with eDNA-metabarcoding in parallel to conventional WFD-monitoring. Those included streams, rivers, canals, lakes and brackish waterbodies. The final goal is to assess if eDNA-metabarcoding fish can provide similar EQR-scores compared to the conventional WFD-monitoring. This can be done by either renovating the current metrics used or to build new ones based on eDNA data. This presentation will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both options and gives some insight in the steps still needed for implementation of eDNA-metabarcoding methods in standardized WFD-monitoring.

Morphometry and histology to assess the maturity stage of three endangered devil ray species (Elasmobranchii: Mobulidae) from the Gulf of California

Abstract Devil rays of the genus Mobula are subject to fishing exploitation worldwide and are considered vulnerable to overexploitation due to population reduction, which is evidenced by a decline in the number of catches of these animals. Limited biological knowledge on these species has forced the use of precautionary conservation measures in countries where intensive fishing occurs. This study aimed to describe biological data of interest for estimating the feasibility of the recovery of Mobula populations, emphasizing the reproductive activity of three endangered species of the genus Mobula (Mobula munkiana, Mobula thurstoni, and Mobula mobular) in the Gulf of California. Reproductive organs were collected during 7 years of commercial fishing (2001–2007), and data on population structure, sex ratio, gamete production, and the number of offspring per breeding period were obtained. Maturity stages were determined through histological analysis of the gonads for both sexes, and the size at maturity was estimated based on anatomical and histological characteristics of the specimens caught. Considering the wide global distribution of Mobula species, there is an urgent need to apply strict conservation measures, such as established fishery closures during the breeding season or the establishment of catch periods after specimens have reached sexual maturity, especially in the countries where these animals are caught.

Analysis of catching of sea cucumber (Stichopus variegatus) in Kramian islands, Sumenep regency, East Java

Kramian Island is located in the north of the Masalembu Islands, East Java. This area has good sea cucumber resources, but the rules on the prohibition of overfishing of sea cucumbers have not been implemented by the government in the Kramian Islands, so that fishing activities carried out by fishermen, continuously regardless of the type and size of sea cucumbers, can cause sea cucumbers in the wild to run out and the impact of sea cucumbers will be extinct. The research was conducted with the aim of knowing the fishing location, fishing method, sea cucumber species, number of catches, and benefits of sea cucumber catch. This research was conducted in March-June 2020. The method used in the study was observed with fishermen. The results of the discovery of the location of sea cucumbers using GPS, there were 3 types of sea cucumbers, namely Tanduk (Stichopus variegatus), Kapuk (Stichopus variegatus), and Susu (Holothuria rigida). Sea cucumber catch in March (253.4 kg), April (261.1 kg), May (124.1 kg), June (733.6 kg). The highest sea cucumber catch data occurred in June, while the lowest catch occurred in May.

Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic of Longtail Tuna (Thunnus tonggol) Landed in Pabean Fish Market, Surabaya

Indonesia is the biggest tuna exporter in Southeast Asia. With a high number of tuna catch, it is worried that the catch will decrease tuna population, specifically longtail tuna. To anticipate the decrease, there needs to be a conservation program to protect longtail tunas from scarcity. One method used to protect longtail tuna is by genetic conservation. The aim of this research is to understand the genetic and phylogenetic variety of the longtail tuna in Pabean Surabaya Fish Market. The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify segment of the mitochondrial control region gene from members of these sample, used forward primer CRK 5’-AGCTC AGCGC CAGAG CGCCG GTCTT GTAAA-3’ and reverse primer CRE 5’-CCTGA AGTAG GAACC AGATG-3’. Based on the sequencing process, 28 out of 29 samples longtail tuna were analyzed successfully. The results of the 28 sample analysis of longtail tuna based on its genetic variety and phylogenetic tree reconstruction showed a haplotype variety (Hd) score of 1,00000, and nucleotide (π) variety of 0,1939. Genetic variety value showed that longtail tuna has great adaption capabilities toward environmental changes time to time. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction results showed 7 clades with a genetic range of 0,005 – 0,035, which shows that all samples are closely related. The results of this study can be used as basic information in forming regulations on longtail tuna sustainable management and genetic conservation.

Sampling and distribution pattern of Trioza erytreae Del Guercio, 1918 (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in citrus orchard

AbstractDeveloping efficient sampling protocols is essential to monitor crop pests. One vector of the citrus disease HLB, the African citrus psyllid Trioza erytreae Del Guercio, 1918 (Hemiptera: Triozidae), currently threatens the lemon industry throughout the Mediterranean region. In this work, a pool of sampling methods devoted to monitoring the population of T. erytreae was compared, its spatial distribution in the orchard was assessed, and the minimum sampling effort for the best sampling method was estimated. Three lemon orchards in North‐western Portugal were sampled for one year using two types of yellow sticky traps (standard yellow and fluorescent Saturn yellow), B‐vac sampling and sweep net sampling. The method that best performed, in terms of cost‐efficiency, was the yellow sticky traps. The two colours of the sticky traps tested did not yield a significantly different number of catches. The spatial distribution throughout the orchards was found to be aggregated towards the borders. A minimum of three sticky traps per hectare was found to be enough to estimate the population at 90% accuracy for the mean during the outbreak. These results should help to monitor and anticipate outbreaks that may even colonize neighbour orchards. Studies on the local dispersion patterns of T. erytreae throughout the orchard are mandatory to further refine and optimize efficient monitoring protocols.

Composition and catch number of fish landings on the eastern coast of the Aceh region

Information on the composition and number of catches that comprise fish landings is an essential component of fisheries management. Because such data is especially limited with regard to the eastern coast of the Aceh region of Sumatra, the present study examined fish landing characteristics for this region. Data were collected from November 24 to December 24, 2019, in seven fish landing sites (TPI) in three districts (Aceh Utara, Bireuen, and Lhokseumawe) on the eastern coast of the Aceh region. Fishes were recorded daily in each TPI during the study period, and a total of 32 fish categories were identified. Pelagic fish dominated the catch: longtail tuna, scad, island mackerel, yellowfin tuna, Carangidae, frigate tuna, skipjack tuna, albacore, kawakawa, and white snapper were the most landed fish during the survey period. The study also showed marine fisheries production to be 181,994 kg/month, or an average of 7,000 kg/day. Across the three districts, Bireuen had the highest fisheries production (122,683 kg), followed by Aceh Utara (35,092 kg), and Lhokseumawe (24,220 kg). This study provides baseline data that will be valuable in developing an effective fisheries management strategy plan in the region.

Purse seine productivity in Lhok Pawoh fishing port, Sawang, South Aceh

The capability of catching from fishing gear can be known from the fishing productivity. The purpose of this study was to calculate the productivity of purse seine vessels in the Fishing Port of Lhok Pawoh, Sawang, South Aceh. This research was conducted from June 10th to July 10th 2019. The method used was a census method by collecting some data such as number of fishing trip (during 2018), species and number of catches, and specification of 15 units of purse seine at Lhok Pawoh fishing port, then the data was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the material of purse seiner at Lhok Pawoh were made of local wood with a vessel size of 23-60 GT, LOA was 16-24.2 meters, breadth was 4-7.5 meters, depth was 1.3-1.9 meters, and main engine power was 90-360 HP. The purse seine at PPI Lhok Pawoh has a length of between 1,100-1,500 meters and a width of 45-100 meters with the number of fishermen ranges between 18-28 people/unit. The total catches of purse seine during the research was 162,116 kg, dominated by skipjack tuna (67.97%). The highest productivity (production/GT) for large pelagic target was 2,458.8 kg/GT, and the lowest one was 209.3 kg/GT. The highest productivity (production/GT) for small pelagic target was 2,630.7 kg/GT and the lowest one was 418.3 kg/GT. The highest productivity (production/trip) for large pelagic target was 3,046.0 kg/trip, and the lowest one was 187.6 kg/trip. The highest productivity (production/trip) for small pelagic target was 2,067.3 kg/trip and the lowest one was 340.2 kg/trip.

Hunting statistics of Lutra lutra in the Bohemian Lands from the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century (Carnivora: Mustelidae)

The presence of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in the wild of the Czech Republic has long been the subject of discussions between the nature conservation on the one hand and the production and sport fishermen on the other. The methodology of obtaining data on the otter abundance is one of the controversial issues as estimates of numbers presented by each party are vastly different, with nature conservationists reporting significantly lower numbers of otters than the fishermen. Therefore, this paper presents statistically recorded data on the development of harvest from the past times, obtained from both published and unpublished sources. The numbers of catches at least indicate the size of the former population and its changes.

THE DYNAMICS OF TOMATO LEAFMINER TUTA ABSOLUTA (MEYRICH, 1917) (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE) IN PROTECTED TOMATO CROPS FROM MUNTENIA REGION (ROMANIA)

The South American native species Tuta absoluta is recognized as a tomato pest with fulminant dispersal ability in the new invaded areas. T. absoluta monitoring in all tomato-producing regions of the country is a vital step in early detection and integrated management decision-making. The aim of the study was to elucidate the interval of occurrence and population dynamics of T. absoluta in Muntenia region, respectively the vegetable basin that supply Bucharest northern markets. The paper presents the results of pest monitoring carried out in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, by using pheromone-baited traps and also by visual inspection of tomato crops in various greenhouses in four localities from Bucharest surrounding area. The study provides first systematic monitored data about T. absoluta dynamics in protected tomato crops from southern Romania. Depending on year weather conditions, in the greenhouses tomato crops from the investigated area, the tomato leaf miner completed maximum 3 to 4 generations from spring to autumn and the degree of attack on tomatoes reached its maximum at the end of the second vegetation cycle. There was also noted a steady annual increase in the number of adult catches and degree of attack on tomatoes in the protected crop from analysed area.

Comparative analysis of physical performance and fishing efficiency between biodegradable PLA gill net and conventional PA gill net

With the development of fishery economy, fishing gear materials, such as cotton, which are generally biodegradable, have been replaced by synthetic materials, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene and polyamide (PA), which are difficult to decompose. Synthetic fiber materials exhibit the advantages of high strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Currently used fishing net materials can be classified into PA, PE and polyester, among which PA is the most commonly used and has been used for the longest time. However, fishing nets made from synthetic fibers, such as PA, are not able to degrade in marine environment for decades. When they are lost or abandoned at sea, they will continue to trap fish and other animals, becoming “ghost fishing” gears. Fish and other marine organisms trapped in the abandoned fishing nets will eventually die and become baits to lure other creatures, forming a vicious circle. To conserve the marine environment and mitigate the threats of “white pollution” and “ghost fishing”, the use of environment-friendly degradable materials instead of conventional materials has become one of the major innovations in the sustainable development of modern fisheries. In this study, we assessed the physical performance of monofilaments made from a biodegradable resin, polylactic acid (PLA), in the laboratory, and compared and analyzed the fishing efficiency of gill nets made of PLA monofilaments and conventional PA monofilaments in sea trials conducted on Langya Island from September to October 2019. Results showed that the biodegradable PLA gill net captured 75.0% less <italic>Portunus trituberculatus</italic> but 90.0% more <italic>Pneumatophorus japonicus</italic> than PA gill net. The total catch number by PLA gill net was slightly lower than that by PA gill net, and the fishing efficiency of PA gill net was approximately 60.0% higher than that of PLA gill net. Moreover, mechanical tensile tests showed that the mesh breaking strength of the two gill nets was both significantly reduced after the fishing operation. In addition, PLA meshes were more vulnerable to damage than conventional PA gill net due to the poor toughness and lack of elasticity and flexibility of PLA monofilaments. At the same time, the microscope picture showed that the damage of PA gill net appeared in the middle of the mesh, while PLA gill net in the knot. Furthermore, the breaking strength of PLA monofilaments was significantly lower than that of PA, so PLA gill net meshes were more easily to be broken. Although PLA gill net is not as efficient as PA gill net in terms of fishing performance, it exhibits a potential advantage in reducing “ghost fishing” and plastic pollution in the ocean, so the usage of PLA gill net can be extended with improvement on strength performance.

TINGKAT PENGELOLAAN IKAN TEMBANG (Sardinella gibbosa) YANG TERTANGKAP DENGAN BAGAN TANCAP DI KABUPATEN PANGKEP

The success of fishing depends on sufficient knowledge of the overall behavior of the fish, which is the basis for the development of existing methods. Utilization of Fishery Potential Activities in Pangkep Regency waters still depends a lot on simple fish catching technology. One of the factors for the success of catching fish with a chart is light. Light is a tool to help collect fish to the fishing area. Toli-toli village, Tekkolabua sub-district, Pangkep district is geographically located between 04º79'07.71 "- 4º79'14.35" LS and 119º43'75.13 "- 119º44'02.01" East Longitude (Figure 4). The administrative area is included in the North Liukang Tupabbiring District, Pangkep Regency. The production of tembang fish (S. gibbosa) caught with fixed-line fishing gear occurred in 2012 as much as 927.70 tons and the lowest was in 2009 as many as 50.30 tons. The level of utilization (TP) and level of cultivation (TPu) of fixed-line fisheries in Pangkep waters according to the Schaefer model for 8 years has exceeded the allowable utilization rate (JTB), namely in 2011, 2012, 2013, and in 2008, 2009 , 2010, 2014 and 2017 are still in an underexploited condition. Based on the analysis of the sustainable potential of tembang fish using the Schaefer model, the allowable amount of tembang fish catch (JTB) is 80% of the MSY value, it is recommended that the number of fish catches allowed in Pangkep Regency is 409.36 tons with a maximum number of fishing effort units of 26 units / year.

Perbandingan Produktivitas Pancing Ulur (HandLine) Dan Jaring Insang (Gill net) Nelayan Desa Kusamba, Klungkung, Bali Terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Ikan Tongkol (Auxis sp.)

This study uses two environmentally friendly fishing gears namely gill net and hand line. The length of one set of hand line is 100 m and the length of one set of gill nets is 250 m. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of catches, species composition of catches and the efficiency of fishing gear that provided benefits for the fishermen of Kusamba Village. This data collection was carried out in field plunge directly with fishermen using the one day trip method for 35 trips during the tuna fishing season by Kusamba Village fishermen. Auxis sp is one type of fish that is the main target of the catch of fishermen in Kusamba Village. Auxis sp often follows the current circulation, the catch of Auxis sp on the fishermen of Kusamba Village has a different amount of production every day. In terms of Auxis sp catches by Kusamba Village Fishermen who use two fishing gear are dominated by gill nets and the quality aspect is dominated by hand linecatches. It is known that there are two types of tuna, namely Auxis rochei and Auxis thazard. The catch is in principle the output of fishing activities, while the effort needed in principle is an input from the fishing activities, fisheries production in an area has increased or decreased can be seen from the results of CPUE. The highest CPUE value of gill nets is 53.75 tails / effort, the highest CPUE value of hand line is 75 tails / effort.

Peningkatan Kualitas dan Kemasan pada Kelompok Usaha Kerupuk Ikan di Desa Bendar Kecamatan Juwana Kabupaten Pati

Desa Bendar dikenal sebagai desa Nelayan karena mayoritas penduduk Desa Bendar adalah nelayan dengan jumlah sebesar 55,7% atau 880 orang. Root of problem yang dihadapi oleh Desa Bendar, Kecamatan Juwana, Kabupaten Pati adalah banyaknya hasil tangkapan ikan para nelayan serta sumber daya manusia yang belum terberdayakan secara maksimal, sehingga belum dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat baik secara kelompok maupun individu di Desa Bendar. Mitra dalam pengabdian ini adalah Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB) Mina Melati. Dalam menjalankan usahanya, KUB Kerupuk Ikan Mina Melati masih menerapkan manajemen tradisional. Rendahnya pengetahuan anggota KUB Kerupuk Ikan Mina Melati menjadi salah satu penyebabnya terutama dalam hal proses produksi dan pengolahan kerupuk yang baik dan manajemen pengelolaan usaha. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan pengabdian ini adalah Seminar Tata Cara Mendapatkan PIRT dan Sertifikasi Layak Higienis, Uji Lab Kandungan Bahan Makanan Kerupuk, Perijinan PIRT untuk KUB Kerupuk Ikan Mina Melati, Pelatihan Desain Label Kemasan Kerupuk, Pelatihan Packaging. Dengan adanya program pengabdian ini diharapkan KUB Mina Melati dapat menghasilkan produksi kerupuk ikan yang higienis dan memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi. Apabila nilai jual dari hasil pengolahan kerupuk ikan tinggi, maka penghasilan warga akan meningkat, dan selanjutnya memberi dampak kepada peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Bendar dan menjadikan Desa Bendar sebagai Desa Sentra Kerupuk Ikan.

Incidence of leafhoppers in rice in relation to meteorological parameters

The present investigation was carried out at College of Agriculture, V. C. Farm, Mandya, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, during Kharif 2019. Occurrence of leafhoppers of rice was monitored by using yellow sticky trap on rice variety Jaya. The investigation revealed that, hoppers activity was first recorded during 36th standard meteorological week (SMW) on yellow sticky traps. Among the leafhopper complex observed during crop period only four species were abundant viz., Nephottetix virescens, N. nigropictus, C. spectra and Maiestas dorsalis. The peak incidence of Nephottetix virescens was observed during 45th SMW (25.00 hoppers/trap). The more number of N. nigropictus was recorded from 44th to 48th SMW (15.30 to 13.00 hoppers /trap). The highest number of trap catches was noticed at 45th SMW (19.8 hoppers/trap). N. virescens and N. nigropictus showed significant and positive association with sunshine hours and maximum temperature. Whereas, minimum temperature and morning relative humidity had found positive and non-significant association. Afternoon relative humidity, rainfall and number of rainy days were found negative association on leafhopper build up and found non-significant.

RESEARCH ON THE POSSIBILITY OF USING SEMIOCHEMICAL PRODUCTS IN MONITORING THE SPECIES MELIGETHES (BRASSICOGETHES) AENEUS F.

In the autumn rapeseed crop, one of the great damage is caused by the rape beetle, Meligethes (Brassicogethes) aeneus F. The widespread use of the chemical method of control has led to the emergence of resistance to some insects. This paper presents the results obtained regarding the possibility of using semi-chemical products in monitoring this species and possibly in control it. During the three experimental years, the attractiveness of three substances was verified: allyl isothiocyanate, nonane and 2-phenyl-ethyl isothiocyanate. With these substances were formulated three types of dispensers that were placed on two types of traps: sticky yellow panels and white Delta type traps. All variants with dispensers made a higher number of catches compared to the control, the differences being statistically assured. In the period 2016-2018, out of the total catches, the control variant achieved 11.3%;dispenser 1 (allyl isothiocyanate + nonane) achieved 23.6%;dispenser 2 (2-phenyl-ethyl isothiocyanate + nonan) made 27.6%, and dispenser 3 (allyl isothiocyanate + 2-phenyl-ethyl isothiocyanate + nonan) made 37.5% of the total catches. The allyl isothiocyanate and 2-phenyl-ethyl isothiocyanate components used together have a synergistic effect so that between the catches made by dispenser 3 and dispenser 1 and dispenser 2, the differences are statistically assured.

Ethanol Extract of Pseudo-stem Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrates) and Basil Leaves (Ocimum sanctum) Increase Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) Fruit Fly Catches

The tropical climate in Indonesia supports the presence of many types of plants that have the potential to produce abundant vegetables and fruit, however the presence of fruit flies is an obstacle to fruit and vegetable productivity. Lemongrass and basil have been studied to contain several compounds that have the potential to control fruit fly attacks. This study aims to determine the effect of the ethanol extract of lemongrass pseudo stem (Cymbopogon citrates) and basil (Ocimum sanctum) leaves on the catch of Bactrocera fruit flies and to determine the concentration of the extract that has the highest number of catches. The method used in sampling was factorial randomized block design (RBD). The ethanol extract of the pseudo-lemongrass, the extract of basil leaves or the mixture of both extract (1:1) that was given at concentrations of 15%, 30% and 45% was dropped onto a piece of cotton and for then be put within a trap before placing on the tree. The cathes obtained from each extract at each concentration were observed if they show a significant difference in the number of fruit fly. Data were tested using analysis of variance (F test) at α = 0.05, followed by the Honest Significant Difference test (HSD). The results showed that the catch obtained from ethanol extract of lemongrass pseudo stem or from basil leaf ectract as well as  from their mixture had a significantly higher number of Bactrocera fruit flies than without using these extracts. The difference in extract concentration did not cause a difference in the ability to attract fruit flies. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of the  pseudo stem ethanol extract of lemongrass or basil leaf ectract as well as their mixture on the catch of Bactrocera fruit flies and these extract are recommended as non-synthetic pesticidesalternatives.

Resources and fishery of Pacific salmon in Magadan region in the beginning of the 21st century

There are two main areas of pacific salmon fishing in the Magadan region: Shelikhova Gulf and Tauiskaya Bay. The main fishing species is pink salmon in the region. Its share of total salmon catch by odd-year returns reaches 85 %. Data on the dynamics of escapement to the spawning grounds of pink salmon of the Shelikhova Gulf and Tauiskaya Bay are presented. The displacement of the level of spawning returns of pink salmon into the Shelihova Gulf with the simultaneous reduction of its returns to the Tauiskaya Bay is shown. Data on the dynamics of the fishing indicators of pink salmon for the two main fishing areas are provided. The Tauiskaya Bay as the main pink salmon fishery area loses its importance is shown. Graphical data on the escapement of producers pink salmon to the spawning grounds are presented and the optimal values of spawning escapements are estimated. Chum salmon is the second largest and most fishing species. Information on the dynamics of the number of returns, catch and escapement to the spawning grounds of chum salmon is given. The indicators of escapement to the spawning areas and their compliance with the optimal passes of salmon producers are analyzed. The issues of the dynamics of returns number, catch and the escapement to the spawning grounds of coho salmon producers are considered. The level of the escapement to the spawning areas is shown and the ratio of actual to optimal values of passes is estimated. The role of coho salmon as an object of industrial fishing and amateur fishing is shown. The extent of fishing press on individual groups of salmon populations is discussed. It is concluded that it is necessary to remove the main salmon fishery from the Tauiskaya Bay to the Shelikhova Gulf.