Catastomus Commersoni Research Articles

Response by the corpuscles of Stannius to hypotensive stimuli in three divergent ray-finned fishes ( Amia calva, Anguilla rostrata, and Catastomus commersoni): cardiovascular and morphological changes

In accordance with their vital role in cardiovascular physiology ( Butler and Zhang, 2001) corpuscles of Stannius (CS) from two teleosts and an holostean species showed marked and consistent degranulation and exocytotic responses to hypotensive stimuli. In eels ( Anguilla rostrata LeSueur) acute blood withdrawal (hypovolemic hypotension) was followed by a prompt decrease in cardiac output (CO) and dorsal aortic pressure ( P DA), a compensatory tachycardic response and an increase in systemic vascular resistance ( R SYS). Isovolemic hypotension induced by papaverine i.v, led to a similar, but more prolonged, decrease in P DA but the heart rate (HR) continued to accelerate, thereby counterbalancing the severe and persistent decrease in R SYS. Both hypovolemic and isovolemic hypotension were followed by a significant depletion of cytoplasmic granules from eel CS even though plasma concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na +, and K + were normal. In an ancient holostean fish, the bowfin, Amia calva and a generalized teleost fish, Catastomus commersoni, the number of cytoplasmic granules decreased by 39% and 54%, respectively, 120 min after the acute withdrawal of 8 ml kg bw −1 of blood. These findings suggest that a primary role of the CS is to release cytoplasmic granules containing renin or isorenin into the blood circulation, in response to hypotension and/or hypovolemia.

Long‐term effects of toxaphene and depuration in lake trout and white sucker in a natural ecosystem

AbstractIndividuals from lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and white sucker (Catastomus commersoni) populations in a small lake located in the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, Canada, were treated with single intraperitoneal injections of toxaphene (7 μg/g or 3.5 μg/g) to better understand its potential effects on fish in their natural environment. Wild fish were captured, tagged, weighed, measured, injected with toxaphene, and released back into the lake. They were subsequently recaptured during spring (white sucker) and fall (lake trout) for the next 5 years. In years 2 and 3 following treatment, fish were spawned to assess reproductive success and survival of their offspring. Survival of adult lake trout and white sucker treated with toxaphene was decreased compared with controls. No changes in growth were evident in either species due to toxaphene treatment. No differences occurred in fertilization rate, total survival, or incidence of deformities in eggs and fry from female lake trout treated with toxaphene. Fertilization rates and survival to swim‐up of white sucker eggs and fry from females treated with toxaphene decreased relative to controls in both years. Maternal transfer of toxaphene from female to eggs was observed in both white sucker and lake trout; levels in eggs were much lower than in treated females but were still significantly higher than in controls. Residue analyses showed that depuration of toxaphene was slower than expected, with estimated half‐lives of 314 and 793 d in lake trout and white sucker, respectively.

Comparative toxicity of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin to seven freshwater fish species during early life‐stage development

AbstractThe toxic effects of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) to fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), lake herring (Coregonus artedii), medaka (Oryzias latipes), white sucker (Catastomus commersoni), northern pike (Esox lucius), and zebrafish (Danio danio) were observed during early life‐stage development after waterborne exposure of fertilized eggs. Species sensitivity based on TCDD‐Cegg (TCDD concentration in eggs) was determined by effects observed over a 32‐d period for all species except lake herring in which a 100‐d period was used. Signs of TCDD toxicity, including edema, hemorrhaging, and craniofacial malformations were essentially identical to those observed in salmonids following TCDD egg exposure and preceded or accompanied mortality most often during the period from hatch through swim‐up. The no‐observed‐effect concentrations and lowest‐observed‐effect concentrations, based on significant decreases in survival and growth as compared to the controls, ranged from 175 and 270 pg/g for lake herring to 424 and 2,000 pg/g for zebrafish, respectively. Shapes of concentration–response curves, expressed as TCDD‐Cegg versus percent mortality, were similar for all species and were consistently steep suggesting that the mechanism of action of TCDD is the same among these species. The LCegg50s (concentrations in eggs causing 50% lethality to fish at test termination) ranged from 539 pg/g for the fathead minnow to 2,610 pg/g for zebrafish. Comparisons of LCegg50s indicate that the tested species were approximately 8 to 38 times less sensitive to TCDD than lake trout, the most sensitive species evaluated to date. When LCegg50s are normalized to the fraction lipid in eggs (LCegg,l50s), the risk to early life stage survival for the species tested ranges from 16‐ to 180‐fold less than for lake trout.

Development of the olfactory system of the white sucker,Catostomus commersoni, in relation to imprinting and homing: a comparison to the salmonid model

White suckers,Catastomus commersoni, use olfactory cues to return to the same spawning stream year after year. If we assume that they follow a model similar to the well-known salmon model, olfactory imprinting must occur very early in their development. We describe the time of migration from the nursery stream in relation to the development of the white sucker olfactory system to determine if the requisite anatomical structures are present which would permit imprinting. At hatching the olfactory placode is present and beginning to differentiate, the lumen of the olfactory capsule is starting to form, and the olfactory tract projects into the telencephalon. Larvae migrate approximately 2 weeks later or at a size of 14 mm TL. At this time olfactory cilia are present, the olfactory tract is robust and the telencephalon is beginning to differentiate. Therefore, it appears that the fundamental neural structures necessary for imprinting are present. A comparison with salmon, however, clearly demonstrates that the white sucker olfactory apparatus is not as well developed as that of salmon at time of migration. This raises the question of the ability of white suckers to imprint in the same manner as salmon and whether the salmonid model is applicable to white suckers. Alternative imprinting hypotheses are discussed.

An analysis of the distribution of fish species in a large prairie lake

The distribution of fishes in Dauphin Lake, a large, shallow, turbid, prairie lake in west‐central Manitoba, was examined using gillnets. Catch per unit effort was used to assess differences in distribution thai may be attributed lo year, season, lake zone (inshore, offshore), substratum, water depth, water temperature, turbidity and presence of other fish species. Although 13 species were caught, only the distributions of the six most abundant was analysed. Variation in number of species caught was attributed mainly to lake zone, water depth and water temperature. White sucker (Catastomus commersoni) distribution can be explained by zone and temperature. Shorthead redhorse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum) catches were related to depth and temperature. Cisco (Coregonus artedii) catches varied with year, zone and temperature. Variances in northern pike (Esox Indus) distribution reflected year and zone. Walleye (Stizostedkm vitreum) varied with year, depth and temperature and differences in the catches of yellow perch (Pertaflurescens) were attributed to year, depth, temperature and turbidity. They were also positively correlated to the numbers of northern pike caught.

An analysis of the distribution of fish species in a large prairie lake

The distribution of fishes in Dauphin Lake, a large, shallow, turbid, prairie lake in west-central Manitoba, was examined using gillnets. Catch per unit effort was used to assess differences in distribution thai may be attributed lo year, season, lake zone (inshore, offshore), substratum, water depth, water temperature, turbidity and presence of other fish species. Although 13 species were caught, only the distributions of the six most abundant was analysed. Variation in number of species caught was attributed mainly to lake zone, water depth and water temperature. White sucker (Catastomus commersoni) distribution can be explained by zone and temperature. Shorthead redhorse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum) catches were related to depth and temperature. Cisco (Coregonus artedii) catches varied with year, zone and temperature. Variances in northern pike (Esox Indus) distribution reflected year and zone. Walleye (Stizostedkm vitreum) varied with year, depth and temperature and differences in the catches of yellow perch (Pertaflurescens) were attributed to year, depth, temperature and turbidity. They were also positively correlated to the numbers of northern pike caught.

Depuration of toxaphene in lake trout and white suckers in a natural ecosystem following a single I.P. dose

Subsamples of lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush) and white suckers ( Catastomus commersoni) populations from a small lake (30 ha. surface area) located in the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) in northwestern Ontario were treated with toxaphene. A total of 31 lake trout and 73 white suckers were given a single I.P. injection of 7 μg·g −1 of toxaphene between May 1988 and September 1988. A further 20 lake trout were injected with 3.5 μg·g −1 of toxaphene between May 1989 and September 1989. Fish were tagged with individually coded tags, weighed, measured and released back into the lake. Fish were recaptured during spring (white sucker) and fall (lake trout) spawning runs in 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1992. Meristic data were taken and a subsample was sacrificed for residue analyses. Depuration of toxaphene from both species was observed with half lives for total toxaphene of 524, 232 and 322 days for white suckers and the two doses in lake trout respectively. Half-lives in lake trout and white suckers for total toxaphene and for two of the more persistent components, octachlorobonane, T2, and nonachlorbornane T12, indicate that significant differences in species ability to eliminate toxaphene. The data also indicate that differences may exist in the half-lives of these components of toxaphene within a species.

Distribution and coexistence of urotensin I and urotensin II peptides in the cerebral ganglia of Aplysia californica

Urotensin I (UI) and urotensin II (UII) were demonstrated in the cerebral ganglia of Aplysia californica by applying immunocytochemical and radioimmunoassay procedures. Sequential analysis of adjacent sections of the cerebral ganglia of Aplysia demonstrated that the UI-immunoreactive (UI-IR) neurons of the F cluster of the cerebral ganglia also contained UII immunoreactivity (UII-IR). Both UI-IR and UII-IR were also observed in a cuff-like arrangement of fibers surrounding the proximal portion of the supralabial nerve, as well as in a few fibers in the anterior tentacular nerves. The UI-IR perikarya of the cerebral ganglia appeared to project to the entire CNS of Aplysia, but the UII-IR fibers appeared only in the neuropile and commissure of the cerebral ganglia. The UI-IR staining was abolished by previous immunoabsorption of the UI antiserum with sucker ( Catastomus commersoni) UI, but not with ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), rat/human CRF, or goby ( Gillichthys mirabilis) UII. Immunostaining with UII antiserum was quenched by goby UII, but not by sucker UII-A, UII-B, UII-A(6–12), or carp ( Cyprinus carpio) UII-α and UII-γ. The UII staining was not abolished by UI or somatostatin. The F cluster was not stained when a somatostatin antiserum was applied. Radioimmunoassay of dilutions of cerebral ganglia extract, using UII antiserum, revealed a parallel displacement curve to synthetic goby UII. These results suggest: i) that both UI- and UII-like substances might exist in the cerebral ganglia of Aplysia californica; ii) that putative Aplysia UI and UII peptides are probably sharing epitopes with sucker ( C. commersoni) UI and goby ( G. mirabilis) UII, respectively; iii) that a UII-like substance coexists with UI in the same neurons of the F cluster of the cerebral ganglia of Aplysia; and iv) that the UII-like substance originating in the cells of the F cluster may have an integrated role with a still unknown action of a putative UI in the CNS of Aplysia californica.

Partial sequence and synthesis of urotensin I from [formula omitted][formula omitted

The amino acid sequence (residues 4–34) of urotensin I, a 41 residue peptide from the urophysis of the Alberta white sucker Catastomus Commersoni , has been determined by a solid phase method. Based on the structure elucidated a peptide comprising residues 4–28 of urotensin I, Pro-Pro-Ile-Ser-Ile-Asp-Leu-Thr-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Met-Ile-Glu-Met-Asn-Arg-Ile-Leu-Asn-Glu-Arg, was synthesized by a solid phase method. The synthetic peptide demonstrated no blood pressure lowering activity and did not block the hypotensive effect of native urotensin I in the rat. It appears that almost the entire sequence of urotensin I is required for binding to vascular receptors and that no “active region” is available in this regard.

The taxonomy of Capillaria spp. (Nematoda: Trichuroidea) in North American freshwater fishes

The Capillaria spp. from North American freshwater fishes are redescribed. These are: Capillaria catastomi from Catastomus commersoni, Cyprinus carpio, Cyprinus carpio × Carassius auratus hybrid (carp × goldfish) and Coregonus clupeaformis; Capillaria salvelini from Salvelinus fontinalis, S. namaycush, Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus kisutch and Capillaria catenata from Lepomis gibbosus. A key to identification of the above is included. C. bakeri is considered a nomen dubium.

The Effects of Monochloramine on Selected Riverine Fishes

Abstract Ten riverine fish species were tested at 10, 20, and 30 C to determine their resistance to monochloramine. The exposure regime consisted of four 40-minute exposures administered at 5-hour intervals over 24 hours. All species exhibited an inverse relationship between temperature and median lethal (LC50) concentrations. LC50 values generally decreased by a factor of two as the exposure temperature increased from 10 to 30 C. LC50 values ranged from 0.35 mg/liter at 30 C for the emerald shiner to 3.00 mg/liter at 10 C for the bluegill. Based on their resistance to monchloramine at 30 C the fish were separated into sensitive and resistant groups. The sensitive group, which included (in decreasing order of sensitivity) the emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides), spotfin shiner (Notropis spilopterus), common shiner (Notropis cornutus), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), white sucker (Catastomus commersoni), and sauger (Stizostedion canadense), had LC50 values ranging from 0.35 to 0.71 mg/liter. The ...

Isolation of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from white suckers (Catastomus commersoni).

INFECTIOUS pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is an acute, highly contagious viral disease of salmonid fishes. The disease is characterized by explosive outbreaks of mortalities in salmonid fry. Epizootics in hatchery fishes are dreaded, and have characterized it as a major disease of hatchery salmonids. Although the occurrence of the disease has been well documented in hatchery salmonids, little is known of its occurrence and consequences in native fishes. We conducted a virus survey to determine the possible presence of IPN virus in fishes in the tailwaters of two IPN-infected trout hatcheries.