Catalytic Pyrolysis Research Articles

Comparative analysis of the efficiency of catalytic methane pyrolysis technology for hydrogen production based on DEA method

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of methane pyrolysis technologies and various catalysts using the DEA method. The study is based on an extensive set of experimental data obtained under laboratory conditions. Application of DEA method allowed to identify key factors affecting the pyrolysis process performance, including costs, process parameters and catalyst properties. Particular attention is paid to the role of catalysts in the methane pyrolysis process. Highly efficient catalysts show significant increases in reaction rate and decreases in energy costs. The DEA method allowed the identification of key factors affecting process efficiency, including the choice of catalyst carrier, temperature conditions and composition of active components. The analysis revealed that catalyst stability and its ability to maintain high activity over the reaction time were particularly important for industrial applications. The results of the analysis allowed us to evaluate the relative efficiency of each catalyst and identify the most optimal combinations of reaction conditions. It was found that catalysts with high nickel content (more than 80%) on Al₂O₃ carrier show the highest efficiency at about 750 ℃, achieving high values of methane conversion and hydrogen yield. SiO₂ based catalysts show high initial activity, but tend to deactivate or carbonize with time, which in turn markedly reduces their efficiency in long-term processes. The results highlight the importance of optimal catalyst composition and reaction conditions to improve the efficiency and economic viability of the methane pyrolysis process. The study demonstrates the potential of DEA method as a tool for comprehensive assessment and optimization of technological processes of hydrogen production and emphasizes the prospects for further development and implementation of methane pyrolysis technology in industrial hydrogen production as a component of the transition to low-carbon energy production.

Comparative analysis of thermal and catalytic pyrolysis methods for converting waste plastic into fuel oil

Comparative analysis of thermal and catalytic pyrolysis methods for converting waste plastic into fuel oil

CO2 boost aromatic-rich bio-oil production in biomass catalytic stepwise pyrolysis over Y zeolite

CO2 boost aromatic-rich bio-oil production in biomass catalytic stepwise pyrolysis over Y zeolite

Production of low-aromatic oil from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics-derived wax

Production of low-aromatic oil from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics-derived wax

Developing a Simple Catalytic Pyrolysis Unit for Domestic Use

Developing a Simple Catalytic Pyrolysis Unit for Domestic Use

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) for greener plastic catalytic pyrolysis: A novel catalyst for enhanced hydrogen production and carbon capture

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) for greener plastic catalytic pyrolysis: A novel catalyst for enhanced hydrogen production and carbon capture

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Moso Bamboo Over Acid‐treated Red Mud Catalyst for Bio‐Oil Production

AbstractRed mud (RM), one kind of waste from the alumina industry, was used to prepare 600‐RM catalyst and a series of xHCl‐RM catalysts. The catalytic pyrolysis of moso bamboo was conducted to evaluate the performance of the prepared catalysts. The 600‐RM catalyst showed a slight increase in the content of Fe, Al, Ca and Si, and a modest enlargement in pore volume and diameter. The xHCl‐RM catalysts exhibited well‐structured hierarchical porosity and enhanced specific surface area. After acid treatment, the contents of Fe, Al, and Si increased noticeably, with almost complete removal of Na and Ca. Thermal stability of the 600‐RM and xHCl‐RM catalysts was significantly improved compared to P‐RM. The results showed that the catalytic pyrolysis over 600‐RM enhanced high selectivity for phenols (59.81%, biomass/catalyst = 1/1 w/w) and alcohols (16.35%, biomass/catalyst = 1/1 w/w), facilitated by CaO promoting bond cleavage and free radical reactions. In addition, xHCl‐RM demonstrated enhanced activity for furans (23.11%) and carbonyl compounds (28.43%), with 4HCl‐RM performing the best. It could be attributed to the high cracking ability of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 on cellulose and hemicellulose. The biomass‐to‐catalyst mass ratio significantly affected the yield of small molecular products, showing a nonlinear trend.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste using Red Mud and Limestone: Pyrolytic Oil Production and Ignition characteristics

This study investigated the catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) using 10 wt.% red mud and 10 wt.% limestone catalysts in a batch reactor. The process was conducted at an operating temperature of 350°C with retention times of 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The effects of adding red mud and limestone catalysts on the yields of liquid, solid, and gas pyrolysis products were analyzed. The pyrolytic oil was further evaluated using droplet evaporation measurements, equipped with a K-type thermocouple and a CCD camera to monitor droplet evolution within an atmospheric chamber. The addition of catalysts enhanced the liquid product yield while reducing the solid yield. The catalytic pyrolysis successfully facilitated the isomerization of plastic polymers, breaking the carbon chains of PP with 10 wt.% red mud. Olefin content increased by up to 7.3% for both 10 wt.% red mud and 10 wt.% limestone. Furthermore, the evaporation rate constant of the catalytic pyrolysis oils improved by up to 8.3%. This study aims to provide new insights into utilizing local waste materials to enhance the quality of pyrolytic plastic products.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Textiles for Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production over NiO/Al2O3 Catalyst

Hydrogen production through the catalytic pyrolysis of low-value organic solid waste offers a promising low-carbon and environmentally friendly pathway. However, the design of efficient hydrogen-producing catalysts remains a significant challenge. Herein, NiO/Al2O3 as a catalyst precursor was utilized to investigate the effects of reduction temperature gradients (300–800 °C) on the distribution of three-phase products and the composition of gaseous products during the pyrolysis of waste textiles. Compared to unreduced NiO/Al2O3, increasing the reduction temperature (300–700 °C) led to a gradual decrease in liquid-phase products and a notable increase in gas-phase products, with the latter rising by 10.59% at 700 °C. Most strikingly, hydrogen gas production increased by 6.42% under the same conditions. Multi-characterization analyses, including XRD, TEM, and H2-TPR, revealed significant aggregation of highly dispersed Ni species in NiO/Al2O3 at higher reduction temperatures. The emergence of XRD characteristic peaks and the (111) crystal face of metallic Ni (Ni0) became apparent at 700 °C. More importantly, the XPS test inferred that the increasement of hydrogen-rich gas production was ascribed to the appropriate Ni0/Ni2+ ratio, and the highest hydrogen yield of 41.50% was achieved as the Ni0/Ni2+ ratio reached about 1.57. This work not only provides an effective solution for the consumption of waste textiles, but also converts it into high value-added hydrogen-rich gas.

A Comprehensive Analysis in Pyrolysis Technology for Sustainable Fuel Production

[2]The escalation of plastic waste has become one of the most pressing ecological crises of our time. With millions of tons of plastic flooding landfills, oceans, and ecosystems annually, traditional recycling systems seem inadequate—struggling against the complex, mixed, and contaminated nature of discarded plastics. Amidst this environmental chaos, pyrolysis has emerged as an innovative, albeit intricate, solution: a high-temperature, oxygen-free process that fractures plastic polymers into a spectrum of valuable, albeit sometimes volatile, products. In this review, we delve into the multi-faceted world of pyrolysis, a thermochemical reaction that transforms waste plastic into an array of fuels, gases, and solid byproducts. The volatile interplay between feedstock types—ranging from ubiquitous polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) to stubbornly resistant polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)—determines the efficiency and nature of the products. Pyrolysis products generally fall into three categories: the liquid fuel (a complex cocktail of hydrocarbons), gaseous byproducts (methane, ethylene, propane), and the solid char, often a carbonaceous material with applications ranging from industrial processes to carbon black production. [7]Recent strides in technology have injected new life into this ancient process. Catalytic pyrolysis, employing zeolites and metal oxides, seeks to lower the reaction temperatures and boost the yield of liquid fuels while curbing the formation of byproducts. Fast pyrolysis, with its lightning-fast heating rates, promises a quantum leap in liquid yields. Moreover, the integration of pyrolysis with other technologies, such as waste-to-energy systems, aims to maximize energy recovery and make the entire process more resource-efficient. [8] However, the promise of pyrolysis is far from unblemished. From the unpredictable variability of plastic waste feedstocks to the significant energy consumption, the road to mass adoption is riddled with technical, economic, and environmental hurdles. Moreover, while pyrolysis may offer a cleaner alternative to landfilling and incineration, its byproducts—particularly gases—demand stringent emission controls to avoid unleashing harmful pollutants. Thus, while pyrolysis holds immense potential to help solve the global plastic waste problem, it requires more than just scientific ingenuity; it demands a concerted effort to innovate, optimize, and scale sustainably.

Prediction of CI Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics Powered by WPO and Diesel Fuel Blends by ANN

The emissions and operational performance characteristics of a four-stroke compression ignition engine employing a mixture of pure diesel and catalytic pyrolysis oil obtained from municipal plastic waste. In the current study, a framework of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is employed to simulate. The maximum amount of oil produced at 350°c - 500°c. The liquid fuel that was produced physical characteristics were like those of diesel, such as density (790 kg/m3) and calorific value (39.6 mj/kg) which helped the fuel blend burn more completely and effectively, improving performance and combustion characteristics. an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was built and used to anticipate emission characteristics (smoke, hc, co, nox) and performance metrics including (brake power, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption) for inputs parameters load and volume of selected blends. for the most accurate prediction of emissions and performance parameters the back-propagation algorithm was employed. The regression coefficients (r2) of 0.99801, 0.9983, 0.95753, and 0.97467 for bthe, bsfc and emission, which were extremely close to 1. According to the research work, an unmodified diesel engine might run on a blend of the suggested alternate fuel and diesel blend. Additionally, it indicates that artificial neural networks are helpful in modelling and predicting the emissions or performance of wpo in diesel engines, which may lead to the use of wpo30 fuel in automotive engines. Major Finding: ANN is a powerful tool for modelling the performance parameters of ci engine powered by waste plastic oil-diesel fuel blends. It proved the strong correlation between the predictions made by ANN and actual experimental data in modeling of new fuel in ci engine.

Time-Dependent Analysis of Catalytic Biomass Pyrolysis in a Continuous Drop Tube Reactor: Evaluating HZSM-5 Stability and Product Evolution

This study investigates a continuous deoxygenation of bio-oil vapor in a catalytic fixed-bed reactor coupled to a continuous drop tube reactor (DTR) for biomass pyrolysis. Beech wood pyrolysis was initially examined without catalysts at various temperatures (500–600 °C). The products were characterised using GC-MS, Karl Fischer titration, GC-FID/TCD, and thermogravimetric analysis. The highest bio-oil yield (58.8 wt.%) was achieved at 500 °C with a 500 mL/min N2 flow rate. Subsequently, ex situ catalytic pyrolysis was performed using an HZSM-5 catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor at a DTR outlet, operating at 425 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C. The HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited declining deoxygenation efficiency over time, which was evidenced by decreasing conversion rates of chemical families. Principal component analysis was employed to interpret the complex dataset, facilitating a visualisation of the relationships between the experimental conditions and product compositions. This study highlights the challenges of continuous operation as experimental durations were limited to 120 min due to clogging issues. This research contributes to understanding continuous biomass pyrolysis coupled with catalytic deoxygenation, providing insights into the reactor configuration, process parameters, and catalyst performance crucial for developing efficient and sustainable biofuel production processes.

Upcycling of post-industrial multilayer plastic packaging waste through gasoline-equivalent hydrocarbon-targeted pyrolysis by an environmentally friendly catalyst

This study’s novelty lies in investigating the performance of calcined cement kiln dust (CCKD) as a new, low-cost catalyst in the flash pyrolysis of EVOH-containing multilayer plastic packaging waste (MLPW). An analytical pyrolyzer, connected with gas chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry detection (Py–GC/MS), was employed to investigate the catalytic pyrolysis of MLPW. Py-GC/MS experiments have shown that condensable volatiles from catalytic pyrolysis of MLPW exhibit higher yields of aromatics (24.7 %) and cyclic aliphatic compounds (26.3 %). The catalytic pyrolysis of MLPW yields C5–C12 hydrocarbons (76.2 %), while the non-catalytic conversion yields C8–C24 hydrocarbons (95.4 %). These results underscore the efficacy of catalytic pyrolysis in recovering gasoline-range hydrocarbons from MLPW, selectively enhancing the yield of cyclic aliphatics and aromatic compounds. Thus, within the circular economy’s horizon, flash pyrolysis can be scaled up to process large amounts of MLPW using CCKD as a low-cost catalyst, converting MLPW into a potential gasoline-range transportation fuel.

Production of phenol-rich bio-oil from Arundo donax via catalytic pyrolysis over SAPO-31

Herein, the SAPO-31 produced phenol-rich bio-oil from Arundo donax (AD) via catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) in a fixed bed. Effective variables including type of catalyst, temperature, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) and N2 flow rate (Nfr) were evaluated to enhance the CFP. The results showed that SAPO-31 demonstrated selectivity of 80.28 % towards naphtha-range compounds and 33.57 % towards phenolic compounds (PCs) within the naphtha range at 500 °C, Nfr of 300 mL min−1 and WHSV of 1 h−1, contrasting sharply with those of control groups (50.82 % and 14.40 %, respectively), HZSM-5 (67.66 % and 5.51 %, respectively) and Hβ (61.10 % and 25.50 %, respectively). Moreover, SAPO-31 gave the highest bio-oil yielded (26.97 wt%) compared to that of the control group (22.45 wt%), Hβ (22.21 wt%) and HZSM-5 (21.42 wt%). These results indicate that the SAPO-31 self-synthesized exhibits promising capabilities in producing phenol-rich naphtha-range compounds via the CFP of AD.

Preparation of high-value carbon nanotubes from real waste plastic towards the negative carbon technology

The preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from plastics is of great significance for realizing high value utilization of waste and reducing carbon emission. Here, several kinds of real waste plastics were introduced into catalytic pyrolysis, and the process was also optimized. The results showed that the presence of impurities (e.g., adhesive labels) reduced the initial activation energy of the pyrolysis reaction, and the pyrolysis process was extended and could be divided into two stages. During the catalytic process, impurities play a toxic role on the catalyst at higher temperatures and result in the agglomeration of catalyst particles and a decrease in catalytic activity. Less than 10 wt.% carbon fibers were collected from milk cup waste. However, after experimental optimization, the influence of the impurity component was greatly reduced. The toxic effect of organic impurity volatiles on a catalyst was avoided by employing a segmented catalytic pyrolysis process, which led to an increase in solid carbon content of more than 20 % for express package waste. Simultaneously, more uniform and smoother CNTs can be found in the obtained solid carbon. The process of preparing carbon nanotubes with higher yield and better quality is feasible and has important application prospects in the utilization of waste plastics.

Recovering value-added hydrocarbons from aluminum foil-laminated plastic residue through catalytic pyrolysis using WO3 supported on rice husk ash

Recovering value-added hydrocarbons from aluminum foil-laminated plastic residue through catalytic pyrolysis using WO3 supported on rice husk ash

Catalytic pyrolysis of low-density waste polyethylene into light olefins and hydrogen over manganese-supported alumina

Catalytic pyrolysis of low-density waste polyethylene into light olefins and hydrogen over manganese-supported alumina

The effect of cyclic catalytic pyrolysis system on the co-pyrolysis products of sewage sludge and chicken manure, focusing on the yield and quality of syngas

The effect of cyclic catalytic pyrolysis system on the co-pyrolysis products of sewage sludge and chicken manure, focusing on the yield and quality of syngas

Hydrogen and carbon nanotube production from microwave-assisted catalytic decomposition of plastic waste

Plastic waste has become an alternative resource for generating carbon-free hydrogen and valuable carbon. The challenge lies in the efficient catalytic pyrolysis of plastics, the energy-intensive nature of decomposition, and reactor configuration. In a single-stage process, the presence of solid plastic with the catalyst leads to carbon block formation, inhibiting the growth of filamentous structure. We proposed a two-stage process incorporating microwave-assisted heating, encompassing thermal pyrolysis at 500 ˚C, followed by catalytic chemical vapor deposition at 800 ˚C. Transition metals, including iron, nickel, and cobalt, and their alloys were examined for catalytic performance along with assessments of catalyst-to-feed mixing ratios and catalyst stability. Comprehensive characterization techniques were employed to explore nanocrystal size, dispersion, reduction behavior, and support interaction strength. The FeNi/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited the highest yields among the selected catalysts, attributed to its optimized nanocrystalline size and interaction strength. These characteristics facilitated the production of 445 mg/gplastic of carbon nanotubes and 52.1 mmol/gplastic of hydrogen during low-density polyethylene decomposition, corresponding to the extraction of 52 % carbon and 72 % hydrogen relative to theoretical content. The catalyst exhibited a sustained efficiency over ten consecutive cycles, yielding 513 mg/gplastic of highly crystalline multiwall carbon nanotubes, with electrification demonstrating promise for sustainably converting plastic waste into carbon-free hydrogen and carbon.

Expression of Concern: “Catalytic pyrolysis of fish waste oil using ZSM-5 catalyst for the production of renewable biofuel” [Environmental Research, 258 (2024) 119486

Expression of Concern: “Catalytic pyrolysis of fish waste oil using ZSM-5 catalyst for the production of renewable biofuel” [Environmental Research, 258 (2024) 119486