Catalytic Steam Gasification Of Biomass Research Articles

Feasibility of sustainable reusability of Ni/char catalyst for synthetic gas production via catalytic steam gasification

Ni/char catalyst is one of the most promising catalysts for enhancing gas production, particularly syngas from catalytic steam gasification of biomass. In the current study, one unmodified (Ni/MMchar) and two modified catalysts (Ni/NaMMchar and Ni/NaAceMMchar) were utilized to investigate the reusability potential of Ni/char catalyst for catalytic steam gasification of bamboo in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor including the changes in catalyst characteristics. N2 adsorption-desorption by BET, scanning electron microscope connected with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were utilized for examining their characteristics. The findings indicated that the three catalysts could maintain the reusability potential in catalytic steam gasification of bamboo for twice cycles. The syngas reduction percentages in the second cycles of the catalysts ranged between 11.0 and 22.8 %. H2/CO ratios of all spent catalysts lined in the range of 4.10 − 2.45. The low heating values of syngas products were in the range of 8.83–8.19 MJ/Nm3. Considering the catalyst characteristics, the increasing cycles of catalyst operations induced carbon deposition, resulting in the reduction of specific surface areas. SEM-EDS images of the used catalysts appeared the coke layer and the Ni metal sintering on the surfaces. The uses of catalysts encouraged the transformation of Ni metal active site into NiO, Ni2O3 and Ni3C forms. These phenomena were the major causes of catalyst deactivation. The changes in the characteristics and catalyst activity controlled the gasification reactions, resulting in the catalyst deactivation and gaseous products.

High quality syngas production from catalytic steam gasification of biomass with calcium-rich construction waste

High quality syngas was produced by steam gasification of biomass waste with catalyst derived from disposable calcium-rich construction waste after calcination (C-CCW) at high temperature. The effects of biomass gasification parameters including operating temperature, catalyst loading amount and biomass varieties on characteristics of biomass steam gasification were studied. Experiment results indicate that the total gas yield of produced gas derived from steam gasification of corn stalk increased markedly with elevated reaction temperature and catalyst loading amount. Addition of C-CCW on biomass significantly promoted the decomposition of tar in syngas during steam gasification resulting in higher gas yield and better gas quality. The considerable H2 yield (29.70 mmol/g-biomass), CO yield (4.14 mmol/g-biomass), CH4 yield (3.40 mmol/g-biomass), and H2/CO mole ratio (7.17) were achieved after steam gasification of corn stalk with 10.0 wt% C-CCW at 750 °C. There were significant differences in steam gasification performance of different biomass samples owed to the properties of biomass feedstock. Distinct saturation capacities of C-CCW loading amount were observed for enhancing gasification and eliminating tar during steam gasification of diverse biomass feedstocks. C-CCW appeared to have comparable catalytic effect to that of pure CaO and therefore could be an alternative of calcium-containing catalyst.

Hydrogen-rich syngas production from biomass gasification using biochar-based nanocatalysts

Nanocatalysts are beneficial for tar elimination and syngas production during biomass gasification. In this study, novel biochar-based nanocatalysts loaded with Ni/Ca/Fe nanoparticles was prepared by one-step impregnation method for catalytic steam gasification of biomass. Results showed that the metal particles were evenly distributed with the particle size of less than 20 nm. With the introduction of nanoparticles, H2 yield and tar conversion were obviously increased. Ni and Fe particles help to maintain the stability of the carrier microporous structure. Fe loaded biochar showed the best catalytic gasification performance, with 87% tar conversion and 42.46 mmol/g H2 production. The catalytic effect of Fe was also higher than that of Ni and Ca if deducting the influence of carrier consumption. It demonstrated that Fe-loaded biochar was a promising catalyst candidate for hydrogen-rich syngas production from biomass gasification.

Integrated adsorption steam gasification for enhanced hydrogen production from palm waste at bench scale plant

The generation of hydrogen-enriched synthesis gas from catalytic steam gasification of biomass with in-situ CO2 capture utilizing CaO has a high perspective as clean energy fuels. The present study focused on the process modeling of catalytic steam gasification of biomass using palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) as biomass for hydrogen generation through experimental work. Experiment work has been carried out using a fluidized bed gasifier on a bench-scale plant. The established model integrates the kinetics of EFB catalytic steam gasification reactions, in-situ capturing of CO2, mass and energy balance calculations. Chemical reaction constants have been calculated via the parameters fitting optimization approach. The influence of operating parameters, mainly temperature, steam to biomass, and sorbent to biomass ratio, was investigated for the hydrogen purity and yield through the experimental study and developed model. The results predicted approximately 75 vol% of the hydrogen purity in the product gas composition. The maximum H2 yield produced from the gasifier was 127 gH2/kg of EFB via experimental setup. The increase in both steam to biomass ratio and temperature enhanced the production of hydrogen gas. Comparing the results with already published literature showed that the current system enables to produce a high amount of hydrogen from EFB.

Enhancement of the quality of syngas from catalytic steam gasification of biomass by the addition of methane/model biogas

In this study, methane and model biogas were added during the catalytic steam gasification of pine to regulate the syngas composition and improve the quality of syngas. The effects of Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, steam and methane/model biogas on H2/CO ratio, syngas yield, carbon conversion rate and tar yield were explored. The results indicated that the addition of methane/model biogas during biomass steam gasification could increase the H2/CO ratio to about 2. Methane/model biogas, steam and Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst significantly affected the quality of syngas. High H2 content syngas with H2/CO ratio of about 2, biomass carbon conversion >85% and low tar yield was achieved under the optimum condition: S/C = 1.5, α = 0.2 and using Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. According to ANOVA, methane and catalyst were the key influencing factors of the H2/CO ratio and syngas yield, and the tar yield mainly depended on the Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Biogas, as a more environmentally friendly material than methane, can also regulate the composition of syngas co-feeding with biomass.

Biomass gasification for hydrogen rich gas in a decoupled triple bed gasifier with olivine and NiO/olivine

Catalytic steam gasification of biomass has been carried out in decoupled triple bed gasification (DTBG) system which consists of pyrolyzer, reformer and combustor. Olivine and NiO/olivine used as in-situ tar destruction catalyst. The result shows the gasification system with catalytic bed materials allows an option to improve tar removal that enhances H2 production. A gas yield of 1.59 Nm3/kg daf with H2 concentration of 56.1 vol% and tar content as low as 0.6 g/Nm3 has been achieved with the presence of NiO/olivine. Olivine and NiO/olivine reduced tar yield by 55% and 94% respectively compared to quartz. Gas yield, tar removal efficiency and water conversion enhanced by higher reformer temperature. The longer residences time of catalyst in reformer leads in-situ reduction of olivine and NiO/olivine that adds up in-situ tar reforming. Particularly, in-situ reduction of NiO to metallic Ni enhances tar and CH4 reforming reaction.

Hydrogen production from cellulose catalytic gasification on CeO2/Fe2O3 catalyst

Catalytic steam gasification of biomass can produce clean and renewable hydrogen. In this study, Ce/Fe bimetallic catalysts were used to promote hydrogen production from cellulose steam catalytic reforming at 500–900 °C. The effect of different Ce/Fe ratios on the catalytic performance of hydrogen production was studied. The distribution of products, gas composition, carbon deposition and the stability of the catalyst were analyzed with variant approaches. The results show that the catalytic performance of the CeO2/Fe2O3 catalyst in relation to hydrogen production was much better than pure CeO2 or Fe2O3. When the ratio of Ce:Fe was 3:7, the maximum yield of the H2 was 28.58 mmol at 800 °C. CeFeO3 could be generated at 800 °C or higher temperature after redox reactions without forming CeO2/Fe2O3 clathrate. And the existence of CeFeO3 enhanced the thermal stability of Ce/Fe catalyst. The presence of CeO2 not only improved the oxidative ability of the iron catalysts, but also was in favour of the oxidation of possible deposited carbon on the surface of the used catalysts.

The Influence of Catalyst and Temperature on Pine Sawdust Gasification Performance by an Externally Heated Gasifier

In the present study the catalytic steam gasification of biomass to produce hydrogen-rich gas with calcined dolomite and Nano-NiO/γ-Al2O3 as catalyst in an externally heated fixed-bed reactor was investigated. The influence of the catalyst and reactor temperature on gasification performance was studied at the temperature range of 700–900°C. Over the ranges of experimental conditions examined, Nano-NiO/γ-Al2O3 and calcined dolomite both revealed better catalytic performance, at the presence of steam tar was completely decomposed as temperature increases from 800 to 900°C. A higher temperature resulted in more H2 and CO2 production, and dry gas yield. The highest H2 content of 51.02 V% and the highest H2 yield of 1.66 m3/kg biomass were observed at the highest temperature level of 900°C.

Kinetic Study of Catalytic Steam Gasification of Biomass by Using Reactive Flash Volatilisation

AbstractReactive flash volatilisation is an autothermal process to convert biomass into tar‐free synthesis gas under steam‐rich conditions. This article studies the kinetics of reactive flash volatilisation by using Ni, PtNi, RuNi, ReNi, and RhNi catalysts supported on alumina. The rates of mass loss of cellulose, xylan, and lignin were measured and compared with those of the synthetic biomass mixture and pinewood sawdust. The kinetic parameters were calculated with and without catalysts by using a wire‐mesh isothermal thermogravimetric analyser in an equimolar steam/N2 atmosphere and high heating rates of 8.6×102, 1.1×103, and 1.3×104 °C min−1 at 700, 750, and 800 °C, respectively. The results revealed three distinct regimes of the rate of mass loss: pyrolytic decomposition, reforming, and char gasification. The catalysts increased the rate of mass loss in the reforming regime. RhNi and RuNi supported catalysts showed higher reforming rates than other catalysts. This study provides direct evidence of the in situ catalytic removal of tar during gasification of biomass.

Catalytic Steam Gasification of Biomass for a Sustainable Hydrogen Future: Influence of Catalyst Composition

Hydrogen is regarded as a clean energy for fuelling the future. Hydrogen will be the energy carrier from other resources such as hydropower, wind, solar and biomass. Producing hydrogen from gasification of biomass wastes, particularly in the presence of steam, represents a promising route to produce this clean and CO2-neutral fuel. The steam pyrolysis–gasification of biomass (wood sawdust) was carried out with various nickel-based catalysts for hydrogen production in a two-stage fixed bed reaction system. The wood sawdust was pyrolysed in the first reactor and the derived products were gasified in the second reactor in the presence of the catalyst and steam. The synthesised Ni–Ca–Al and Ni–Zn–Al catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method with different Ni loadings of 20 mol% and various Zn/Al or Ca/Al ratios, which were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO). The results showed that the Ni/Zn–Al (1:9) catalyst resulted in higher hydrogen production (23.9 mmol H2 g−1 biomass) compared with the Ni/Ca–Al (1:9) catalyst (12.7 23.9 mmol H2 g−1 biomass) and in addition, the increase of Ca or Zn content in the catalyst slightly increased the hydrogen production. The TPO results showed that the catalyst suffered negligible coke deposition from the catalytic steam pyrolysis/gasification of wood sawdust. Additionally, Na2CO3 basic solution was also found to produce a catalyst with better performance and lower coke deposition, compared with NH4OH catalyst preparation agent, as observed by TPO, SEM and TEM analysis.

Influence of Particle Size and Temperature on Gasification Performance

In the present study the catalytic steam gasification of biomass to produce hydrogen-rich gas with calcined dolomite as catalyst in an externally heated fixed bed reactor was investigated. The influence of the reactor temperature and particle size on yield and product composition was studied at the temperature range of 700°C-900°C. Over the ranges of experimental conditions examined, tar was completely decomposed as temperature increases from 800°C to 900°C. Higher temperature and smaller particle size resulted in more H2 and CO2 production, and dry gas yield. The highest H2 content of 58.27 V%, and the highest H2 yield of 2.23 Nm3/ kg biomass were observed at the highest temperature level of 900°C when the particle size was below 0.125mm.

Influence of Catalyst and Temperature on Gasification Performance

In the present study the catalytic steam gasification of biomass to produce hydrogen-rich gas with calcined dolomite and Nano-NiO/γ-Al2O3 as catalyst in an externally heated fixed bed reactor was investigated. The influence of the catalyst and reactor temperature on gasification performance was studied at the temperature range of 700°C-900°C. Over the ranges of experimental conditions examined, Nano-NiO/γ-Al2O3 and calcined dolomite both revealed better catalytic performance, at the presence of steam, tar was completely decomposed as temperature increases from 800°C to 900°C. Higher temperature resulted in more H2 and CO2 production, and dry gas yield. The highest H2 content of 58.27V% and the highest H2 yield of 2.23 Nm3/ kg biomass were observed at the highest temperature level of 900°C.

Catalytic Steam Gasification of Biomass: Catalysts, Thermodynamics and Kinetics

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTCatalytic Steam Gasification of Biomass: Catalysts, Thermodynamics and KineticsHugo de Lasa*, Enrique Salaices, Jahirul Mazumder, and Rahima LuckyView Author Information Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5B8E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: (519) 661-2144. Fax: (519) 850-2931.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 9, 5404–5433Publication Date (Web):June 8, 2011Publication History Received12 January 2011Published online8 June 2011Published inissue 14 September 2011https://doi.org/10.1021/cr200024wCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views8165Altmetric-Citations294LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (9 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Biomass,Catalysts,Equilibrium,Gasification,Water Get e-Alerts

Influence of Catalyst and Temperature on Gasification Performance by Externally Heated Gasifier

In the present study the catalytic steam gasification of biomass to produce hydrogen-rich gas with calcined dolomite and Nano-NiO/γ-Al2O3 as catalyst in an externally heated fixed bed reactor was investigated. The influence of the catalyst and reactor temperature on yield and product composition was studied at the temperature range of 700oC - 900oC. Over the ranges of experimental conditions examined, calcined dolomite revealed better catalytic performance, at the presence of steam, tar was completely decomposed as temperature increases from 800oC to 900oC. Higher temperature resulted in more H2 and CO2 production, and dry gas yield. The highest H2 content of 51.02 mol%, and the highest H2 yield of 1.66 m3/kg biomass were observed at the highest temperature level of 900oC.

Influence of Particle Size and Temperature on Gasification Performance in Externally Heated Gasifier

In the present study the catalytic steam gasification of biomass to produce hydrogen-rich gas with calcined dolomite as catalyst in an externally heated fixed bed reactor was investigated. The influence of the reactor temperature on yield and product composition was studied at the temperature range of 700 PoPC-900 PoPC. Over the ranges of experimental con-ditions examined, tar was completely decomposed as temperature increases from 800P oPC to 900 PoPC. Higher temperature resulted in more HR2R and COR2R production, and dry gas yield. The highest H2 content of 51.02 V%, and the highest HR2 Ryield of 1.66 mP3P/kg biomass were observed at the highest temperature level of 900P oPC.

Catalytic steam gasification of biomass in fluidized bed at low temperature: Conversion from livestock manure compost to hydrogen-rich syngas

Abstract Utilizing large amounts of animal waste as a source of renewable energy has the potential to reduce its disposal problems and associated pollution issues. Gasification characteristics of the manure compost make it possible for low temperature gasification. In this paper, an energy efficient approach to hydrogen-rich syngas from manure compost is represented at relatively low temperature, around 600 °C, in a continuous-feeding fluidized bed reactor. The effects of catalyst performance, reactor temperature, steam, and reaction type on gas yield, gas composition, and carbon conversion efficiency are discussed. The Ni–Al2O3 catalyst simultaneously promotes tar cracking and steam reforming. Higher temperature contributes to higher gas yield and carbon conversion. The steam introduction increases hydrogen yield, by steam reforming and water–gas shift reaction. Two-stage gasification is also tried, showing the advantage of better catalyst utilization and enhancing the catalytic reactions to some extent.

Hydrogen-rich gas from catalytic steam gasification of biomass in a fixed bed reactor: Influence of temperature and steam on gasification performance

The catalytic steam gasification of biomass was carried out in a lab-scale fixed bed reactor in order to evaluate the effects of temperatures and the ratio of steam to biomass ( S/ B) on the gasification performance. The bed temperature was varied from 600 to 900 and the S/ B from 0 to 2.80. The results show that higher temperature contributes to more hydrogen production. The introduction of steam improves the dry gas yield and carbon conversion efficiency. But excessive steam will lower hydrogen content and degrade fuel gas quality. As S/ B are 2.10, the hydrogen content reach the maximum, up to 52.7%.

Hydrogen-rich gas from catalytic steam gasification of biomass in a fixed bed reactor: Influence of particle size on gasification performance

The catalytic steam gasification of biomass was carried out in a lab-scale fixed bed reactor in order to evaluate the effects of particle size at different bed temperatures on the gasification performance. The bed temperature was varied from 600 to 900 °C and the biomass was separated into five different size fractions (below 0.075 mm, 0.075–0.15 mm, 0.15–0.3 mm, 0.3–0.6 mm and 0.6–1.2 mm). The results show that with decreasing particle size, the dry gas yield, carbon conversion efficiency and H 2 yield increased, and the content of char and tar decreased. And the differences due to particle sizes in gasification performance practically disappear as the higher temperature bound is approached. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide contents in the produced gas increase with decreasing particle size at 900 °C, reaching to 51.2% and 22.4%, respectively.

Effects of controlling parameters on production of hydrogen by catalytic steam gasification of biomass at low temperatures

Low temperature catalytic steam gasification of biomass is being investigated around the world as an environmentally friendly alternative to the existing techniques for hydrogen production. The aim of the present investigation was to gain a fundamental understanding about the catalytic steam gasification of some species under low temperature conditions. The research, in particular, focused on the role and relative importance of controlling parameters, such as reaction temperature and the heating rate on the composition of the products. It was found that higher temperatures and steam flow rates increased the gas yield. A relatively low reaction temperature of 600 °C and a high steam content of about 90% showed the strongest tendency for maximising the hydrogen production.

Catalytic Gasification of Biomass in a CREC Fluidized Riser Simulator

Gasification of biomass is an environmentally important technology that may contribute to fulfill requirements set by the Kyoto protocol. Biomass can be converted into a vast array of chemical products and fuel, and can be utilized to produce power/electricity. However, a major limitation of biomass gasification is the resultant tars and particulate matter that potentially destroy downstream process equipment, harm the environment, and hinder economic efficiency. This study considers the catalytic steam gasification of waste-wood, with the catalyst being fluidizable nickel/a-alumina. Experiments are conducted in the CREC Riser Simulator Reactor, at temperatures between 800°C - 850°C, near atmospheric pressures, and reaction times over 10 seconds. Experimental results suggest that catalytic steam gasification of biomass is a versatile process; with a considerable amount of H2 being produced at steam/biomass feed ratios above 0.3kg/kg daf. It is also found that the catalyst effectively converts tars to permanent gases at temperatures ranging from 800°C - 850°C and for steam/biomass feed ratio ranging from 0.17 – 0.58kg/kg daf, with the carbon conversion being above 90% in all cases. An equilibrium model from the literature is developed and modified, and then considered to analyze the experimental data. At 800°C and steam/biomass ratios from 0.17 – 0.42kg/kg daf, the H2/CO product ratio is estimated accurately by the equilibrium model. However, product lump compositions are estimated with less accuracy, which provides support to the need of a non-equilibrium model to fully explain the inter-conversion of gaseous species following biomass catalytic gasification.