Catalytic Activity Research Articles

Greening up the fight against emerging contaminants: algae-based nanoparticles for water remediation

AbstractNanoparticles are commonly used for different purposes, including as photocatalysts, biosensors, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer agents. Recently, the synthesis of nanoparticles via biological techniques has become popular due to cost efficiency, sustainability, and the least secondary pollutants generation. Plants, algae, and microorganisms are primarily used to synthesize bio-nanoparticles. Algae-based nanoparticles have gained more attention due to their catalytic activity against emerging organic contaminants such as dyes, phenols, and organosulfur compounds. Nevertheless, a systemic evaluation of the potential of algae-based nanoparticles in environmental remediation is yet to be conducted. This paper reviews recent progress in the biosynthesis of algae-based nanoparticles and the potential use of algae-based nanoparticles in environmental remediation. Furthermore, the review examines the factors that affect the properties and behaviors of algae-based nanoparticles. Additionally, the review briefly discusses other medical and industrial applications as well as advantages over physically and chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Challenges associated with the production process and usage of algae-based nanoparticles are also discussed, including the difficulty of predicting the properties of nanoparticles and adapting to large-scale processes. Overall, algae-based nanoparticles have several advantages, including their high stability and surface activity due to the presence of surface functional groups from algae species used for the synthesis of algae-based nanoparticles. However, further research is required to address the knowledge gaps and potential key research areas. Graphical Abstract

Sequence-guidedRedesign of an Omega-transaminase from Bacillus megaterium for theAsymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Amines.

ω-Transaminases (ω-TAs) are attractive biocatalysts asymmetrically catalyzing ketones to chiral amines. However, poor non-native catalytic activity and substrate promiscuity severely hamper its wide application in industrial production. Protein engineering efforts have generally focused on reshaping the substrate-binding pockets of ω-TAs. However, hotspots around the substrate tunnel as well as distant sites outside the pockets may also affect its activity. In this study, the ω-TA from Bacillus megaterium (BmeTA) was selected for engineering. The tunnel mutation Y164F synergy with distant mutation A245T which was acquired through a multiple sequence alignment showed improved soluble expression, a 3.7-fold higher specific activity and a 19.9-fold longer half-life at 45℃. Molecule Dynamics simulation explains the mechanism of improved catalytic activity, enhanced thermostability and improved soluble expression of BmeTAY164F/A245T(2M). Finally, the resting cells of 2M were used for biocatalytic processes. 450 mM of S-methoxyisopropylamine (S-MOIPA) was obtained with an ee value of 97.3% and a conversion rate of 90%, laying the foundation for its industrial production. Mutant 2M was also found to be more advantageous in catalyzing the transamination of various ketones. These results demonstrated that sites that are far away from the active center also play an important role in the redesign of ω-TAs.

Methylene blue (MB) removal from aqueous solution by alum; catalytic ozonation process

Textile wastewater is among the most polluted types of industrial waste. Wastewater treatment in the textile industry is notoriously difficult because of the use of complex chemicals and dyes in the textile production steps, and conventional methods are not enough to treat these. Textile wastewater, known for its high pollution levels, poses challenges for treatment due to complex chemicals and dyes. A comparative study was conducted on simple ozonation and catalytic ozonation (CO) using alum to degrade methylene blue (MB). The authors analyzed various factors like time, pH, catalyst loading and ozone dosages during the study. Results showed that catalytic activity in ozonation depends on pH and ozone flow. The maximum MB elimination was achieved at pH 6.6 and 200 V ozone flow. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the surface morphology of the catalyst, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the important functional groups, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to characterize the catalyst's elemental composition. Compared to simple ozonation, CO showed higher removal in the initial phase. Real textile wastewater analysis confirmed the effectiveness of alum catalysts in achieving significant removal of MB (87%) through this novel cost-efficient process.Graphical

Theoretical study on CO production mechanism from CO2 reduction on Cu–catalyst surface with different oxidation states

The rational design of copper (Cu)-based catalysts with different oxidation states is essential to achieve highly selective and efficient CO2 electroreduction. However, the effect of different oxide states of Cu-based catalysts has rarely been studied. Herein, the reaction mechanism of CO2 hydrogenation into CO on Cu-based catalysts with different oxidation states, such as Cu(111), Cu2O(111) and CuO(111), was studied using the density functional theory. The most favored pathway for CO production and the rate-controlling step on the three catalyst models were determined. The results show that, Cu2O (111) shows the best catalytic activity among the three catalysts due to the lowest activation barrier. The electronic structure analysis shows that Cu2O has the proper electronic structure to activate CO2 which is further reduced to CO. This work provides an important insight on the effect of oxidation state of Cu-based catalysts on the reduction of CO2 to CO.

Improvement on electrochemiluminescence properties of graphite carbon nitride by metal oxidation state regulation

AbstractReasonable design is of great significance for improving the performance of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) co‐reactant accelerators. The different d‐band structure of metal single atoms will produce different oxidation states, which may change the adsorption of reaction intermediates to the catalyst and affect its catalytic activity. In this study, we have demonstrated that the ECL performances of graphite carbon nitride (CN) can be promoted by modulating the metal oxidation states of co‐reaction accelerator for the first time. The oxidation states of Au were modulated by the different electronic metal–support interaction (EMSI) between the co‐reaction accelerator (Au single atoms, Au nanoparticles [Au NPs]) and CN, and the effects of Au oxidation states on the ECL performances of CN were investigated. Comparison to pristine CN and CN nanosheets supported Au nanoparticles (Au NPs/CN), stronger and more stable ECL intensity of CN nanosheets supported Au single‐atoms (AuS/CN) was obtained. The ECL signal of AuS/CN was about 32.2 times that of the original CN, and 2.8 times that of Au NPs/CN in the same Au loading content (0.8%). Detailed mechanism revealed that AuS/CN with higher Au oxidation state has better conductivity and stronger catalytic activity, which promotes the electric reduction of CN and S2O82−, increases the lifetime of the excited state CN*, and significantly improves the ECL performance of CN. In addition, this work provides a detailed understanding of the essence of EMSI for the ECL intensity amplification and established a feasible method for the improvement of ECL capacities of co‐reactant accelerators.

Modulating Electron Transfer between Pt and MOF Support through Pd Doping Promotes Nanozyme Catalytic Efficiency.

Electron transfer is considered to be a typical parameter that affects the catalytic activity of nanozymes. However, there is still controversy regarding whether higher or lower electron transfer numbers are beneficial for improving the catalytic activity of nanozymes. To address this issue, we propose the introduction of Pd doping as an important electron regulation strategy to tune electron transfer between Pt and ZIF-8 carriers (PtxPd1@ZIF-8). We observe a volcano-shaped relationship between the electron transfer number and catalytic activity, reaching its peak at Pt4Pd1@ZIF-8. Mechanism studies indicate that as the electron transfer number from Pt to ZIF-8 carriers increases, the d-band center of the active site Pt increases, reducing the occupancy of antibonding states and enhancing the adsorption capacity of the key intermediate (*O). However, a further increase in the adsorption of *O energy makes it difficult to desorb and participate in the next reaction, thus exhibiting volcanic activity. The optimized Pt4Pd1@ZIF-8 nanozyme is applied to develop an immunoassay for the detection of zearalenone, achieving a detection limit of 0.01 μg/L, which is 6 times higher than that of the traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This work not only reveals the potential regulatory mechanism of electron transfer on the catalytic activity of nanozymes but also improves the performance of nanozyme-based biosensors.

Cerium-doped Nickel SulfideNanospheres as EfficientCatalysts for Overall Water Splitting.

The development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts with excellent activity and durability for electrochemical water splitting has always been a goal. Transition metal sulfides are attractive electrocatalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER). In this article, we designed and constructed efficient catalysts with multiple synergistic interactions and synthesized Ce-NiS2@NFnanosphere using a solvothermal method. Ce-NiS2@NF exhibits excellent HER performance, OER performance, and overall water splitting capability in alkaline electrolytes, demonstrating good stability. The addition of Ce influences the activity of the catalysts, attributed to the synergistic interactions creating more active sites and higher intrinsic activity through the introduction of Ce heteroatoms. Additionally, the self-supported conductive substrate promotes electron transfer, enhancing the intrinsic activity and active site density of the catalyst.This study provides an in-depth investigation into structural design and performance enhancement, offering ideas for designing efficient catalysts for overall water electrolysis. This work provides an in-depth study in terms of structural design performance enhancement and provides ideas for designing efficient alkaline bifunctional catalysts. Valuable insights have been provided in elucidating the intrinsic mechanism of the catalytic activity of cerium-doped nickel sulfidenanospheres,thus providing new guidance in the field of energy conversion technology.

Musa acuminata free tepal (MAFT) crop- mediated synthesis of copper oxide nanocatalyst (MAFT-CuO nanocatalyst): Investigation of aerobic oxidation and dye decolourization via eco-friendly approach

Crop development is used to address environmental problems in the industry. Environmental pollutants, particularly humble or toxic chemicals and dyes, are contaminants in industrial wastewater. Recently, green technology has become important for controlling the chemical risks associated with environmental issues. This study focused on valuable crop materials to form green catalysts that can be used to control chemical toxicity in industrial wastewater. In this study, Musa acuminata-free tepal (MAFT) crops and musa were used to mediate the formation of copper nanocatalyst for environmental pollution. The synthesised nanocatalyst was analysed by XPS, XRD, TEM, SEM, FT-IR, GC-EI-MS, and TGA-DSC. The production of Cu–O in the 512 cm−1 peak range was verified by FT-IR analysis. The XRD peaks associated with the cubic crystalline structures of copper (110) and (200) were used to confirm the Musa acuminata-free tepal CuO nanocatalyst. The SEM images of the Cu and CuO nanocatalyst in the Musa acuminata free tepal showed that the particles were almost spherical. The size of the synthesised Musa acuminata free tepal CuO nanocatalyst core-shell nanostructures was identified using HR-TEM. GC-MS investigations also verified the aerobic oxidation of the main alcohol to aldehyde, with a retention time of 30.34. The MAFT was 80 % of CBB G250 dye decolourised at 24 h, and the MAFT-CuO nanocatalyst was decolourised the CBB G250 dye at 80 % in 20 min and aerobic oxidation at the same time (dual application). Furthermore, our nanocatalyst could be effectively recycled without significant loss of catalytic activity, and the use of safe, environmentally benign MAFT-Cu and CuO nanocatalyst is considered a green chemistry approach that helps avoid wastewater treatment. MAFT-Cu and CuO nanocatalyst were successfully synthesised using Musa acuminata free tepal extract assisted by reflux sample preparation system instruments as a new, green, eco-friendly, and fast process for nanocatalyst synthesis. In the past, there have been no reported applications of MAFT-Cu and CuO nanocatalyst for decolourisation and aerobic oxidation. Nevertheless, we were able to accomplish these procedures with the help of CuO and MAFT-Cu nanocatalyst. Therefore, the most effective naturally occurring environmental catalysts for aerobic oxidation processes are MAFT-CuO nanocatalyst. They are non-toxic and environmentally benign, exhibit strong aerobic oxidation catalytic performance, and have long-lasting benefits for water quality. Additionally, they are more recoverable and biodegradable.

A Dicopper(II)‐Based Carbonic Anhydrase Model—Quantum‐Chemical Evaluation of the Mechanistic Pathway

AbstractThe cyanobacterium Prochloron didemni, an obligate symbiont of different species of colonial ascidians, occurring in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, produces a variety of cyclic peptides. These patellamide‐type macrocycles lead to relatively stable dicopper(II) complexes that are extremely efficient carbonic anhydrase mimics, the most active model systems known so far. Importantly, it recently was shown that copper(II) is coordinated to patellamide derivatives in Prochloron cells. An interesting question therefore is, whether the biological function of patellamide‐type macrocycles is related to the catalytic activity in CO2 hydration or its reverse. Here, we present a computational study to evaluate the energetics of the catalytic cycle in search of a possible answer to these questions and compare the computed energy barriers with the experimental kinetic data. It emerges that release of the bridging carbonate is a critical step and that the catalysis product inhibits catalysis at pH values above approx. 7. Therefore, carbonate transport rather than CO2 hydrolysis is proposed as the biological function of copper(II)‐patellamide complexes in the Prochloron‐Ascidian symbiosis.

Enhancing Pd Catalytic Activity by Amine Group Modification for Efficient Direct Synthesis of H2O2.

A great deal of research has been carried out on the design of Pd-based catalysts in the direct synthesis of H2O2, mainly for the purpose of improving the H2O2 selectivity by weakening the activation energy on the Pd active site and thus inhibiting the dissociation of the O-O bonds in O2*, OOH*, and HOOH*. However, this often results in insufficient activation energy for the reaction between H2 and O2 on Pd, leading to difficulties in improving both the selectivity and productivity of H2O2 simultaneously. Based on this, this study reports an efficient catalyst composed of amine-functionalized SBA-15-supported Pd. The strong metal-support interaction not only makes the PdNPs highly dispersed with more Pd active sites but also improves the stability of the catalyst. The amine group modification increases the proportion of Pd0, further enhancing Pd activity and promoting the adsorption and conversion of H2 and O2 on Pd, thereby significantly increasing H2O2 productivity. Additionally, the density-functional theory simulation results showed that due to the hydrogen-bonding force between the amine group and H2O2, this particular anchoring effect would make the hydrogenation and decomposition of H2O2 effectively suppressed. Ultimately, both the selectivity and productivity of H2O2 are improved simultaneously.

Alkylation of Phenol with Methanol over ZSM‐5 Zeolite

AbstractThe catalytic performance of different molecular sieves in the alkylation of phenol with methanol to produce p‐cresol was evaluated, and the acidity and structure of the catalysts were characterized using N2 adsorption–desorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. It was shown that the catalytic activity of molecular sieves was closely related to their acidic site number, specific surface area, and pore structure. Since Zeolite ZSM‐5 (Zeolites Socony Mobil No. 5) has a relatively small amount of strong acid as well as a small pore size, it is favorable for the diffusion of p‐cresol out of the pores. Therefore, focusing on ZSM‐5, the effects of operating conditions such as weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), phenol/methanol (P/M) ratio, and reaction temperature on the catalytic performance were investigated. The results showed that increasing the WHSV, P/M ratio, and reaction temperature improved the selectivity to cresol. In addition, X‐ray diffraction and Thermal Gravity/Differential Thermal Gravity characterization methods were also carried out for ZSM‐5, and it was found that the deactivation of ZSM‐5 was due to coke deposition and pore blockage on the active site and that the selectivity to cresol could be restored by regenerating the catalyst and covering the strong acid site, which resulted in the reduction of the strong acid site to increase the selectivity of the product.

One-Step Synthesis of High-Efficiency Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalyst FeSx(Y/MB) with High Temperature Resistance and Strong Alkali

Given the energy crisis and escalating environmental pollution, the imperative for developing clean new energy is evident. Hydrogen has garnered significant attention owing to its clean properties, high energy density, and ease of storage and transportation. This study synthesized four types of catalysts—FeS(DI/MB), FeS(ET/MB), Fe(DI/MB), and Fe(ET/MB)—using two distinct solution systems: DI/MB and ET/MB. The FeS(DI/MB) catalyst, synthesized using the layered solution system (DI/MB), demonstrates a uniformly distributed and dense nanosheet structure, exhibiting excellent resistance to strong bases and superior catalytic properties. The FeS(DI/MB) electrode showed OER overpotentials of 460 mV and 318 mV in 1 M and 6 M, respectively, at current densities of up to 500 mA cm−2. Under industrial electrolysis test conditions, the FeS(DI/MB) electrode required only 262 mV to achieve a current density of 500 mA cm−2, operating in a high-temperature, strong alkaline environment of 6 M at 60 °C. Furthermore, the FeS(DI/MB) electrode exhibited excellent OER catalytic activity and stability, as evidenced by a 60 h stability test These findings provide valuable insights into the preparation of iron nickel sulfide-based catalysts, and further in-depth and comprehensive exploration is anticipated to yield the excellent catalytic performance of these catalysts in the realm of electrolytic water hydrogen production.

Engineering a Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenase for Coenzyme-Free Synthesis of Vanillin from Ferulic Acid.

One-pot biosynthesis of vanillin from ferulic acid without providing energy and cofactors adds significant value to lignin waste streams. However, naturally evolved carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (CCO) with extreme catalytic conditions greatly limited the above pathway for vanillin bioproduction. Herein, CCO from Thermothelomyces thermophilus (TtCCO) was rationally engineered for achieving high catalytic activity under neutral pH conditions and was further utilized for constructing a one-pot synthesis system of vanillin with Bacillus pumilus ferulic acid decarboxylase. TtCCO with the K192N-V310G-A311T-R404N-D407F-N556A mutation (TtCCOM3) was gradually obtained using substrate access channel engineering, catalytic pocket engineering, and pocket charge engineering. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that reducing the site-blocking effect in the substrate access channel, enhancing affinity for substrates in the catalytic pocket, and eliminating the pocket's alkaline charge contributed to the high catalytic activity of TtCCOM3 under neutral pH conditions. Finally, the one-pot synthesis of vanillin in our study could achieve a maximum rate of up to 6.89 ± 0.3 mM h-1. Therefore, our study paves the way for a one-pot biosynthetic process of transforming renewable lignin-related aromatics into valuable chemicals.

Nickel-doped magnetic carbon aerogel derived from xanthan gum: a competent catalyst for the degradation of single and binary dye-based water pollutants.

Toxic organic dyes (colorants) are one of the main causes of water pollution that releases destructive effluents in the environment. To overcome this issue, a fundamental need to produce a novel, efficient catalyst for the degradation and mineralization of dye mixtures has arisen. The objective of this research is to develop an eminent Ni-doped magnetic carbon aerogel (Ni-MCA) catalyst using graft co-polymerization method having xanthan gum as backbone doped with Ni-magnetic nanoparticles (Ni-MNPs), that do not show agglomeration and easy to separate. The examination revealed that Ni-MCA provided exceptional magnetic characteristics (Ms = 52.75emu/g) and potent catalytic activity for the degradation of mono- as well as binary-dye solutions of Congo red (CR) and methyl green (MG) dyes. The formation was verified by various characterization techniques such as FTIR, VSM, XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, and EDX mapping. Interestingly, Ni-MCA shows faster result on anionic dye CR up to 97% with degradation rate of 5.647 × 10-1min-1, and MG dye shows degradation of 95.7% with the degradation rate of 2.169 × 10-1min-1, while dye mixture is showing 90% degradation with rate of 2.159 × 10-1min-1.

Nanozymes for the Therapeutic Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are chronic, refractory wounds caused by diabetic neuropathy, vascular disease, and bacterial infection, and have become one of the most serious and persistent complications of diabetes mellitus because of their high incidence and difficulty in healing. Its malignancy results from a complex microenvironment that includes a series of unfriendly physiological states secondary to hyperglycemia, such as recurrent infections, excessive oxidative stress, persistent inflammation, and ischemia and hypoxia. However, current common clinical treatments, such as antibiotic therapy, insulin therapy, surgical debridement, and conventional wound dressings all have drawbacks, and suboptimal outcomes exacerbate the financial and physical burdens of diabetic patients. Therefore, development of new, effective and affordable treatments for DFU represents a top priority to improve the quality of life of diabetic patients. In recent years, nanozymes-based diabetic wound therapy systems have been attracting extensive interest by integrating the unique advantages of nanomaterials and natural enzymes. Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes possess more stable catalytic activity, lower production cost and greater maneuverability. Remarkably, many nanozymes possess multienzyme activities that can cascade multiple enzyme-catalyzed reactions simultaneously throughout the recovery process of DFU. Additionally, their favorable photothermal-acoustic properties can be exploited for further enhancement of the therapeutic effects. In this review we first describe the characteristic pathological microenvironment of DFU, then discuss the therapeutic mechanisms and applications of nanozymes in DFU healing, and finally, highlight the challenges and perspectives of nanozyme development for DFU treatment.

Electrochemical biosensor based on the integration of maple leaf-like gold nanocrystal and truncated aptamer for detection of α-amanitin with high sensitivity, selectivity and rapidity

This study reports the fabrication of three-dimensional gold nanocrystals as sensing material in the presence of l-glutathion and high-performance aptamer with 20 bases of α-amanitin via truncation and optimization of along aptamer. The resulting maple leaf–like gold nanocrystal (ML-Au) exhibits an improved catalytic activity due to more exposed high-index facets. The use of truncated aptamer increases the sensitivity by 15 times and reduces the reaction time by two times compared with those of original aptamer. An α-amanitin electrochemical biosensor constructed by integrating ML-Au nanocrystals with truncated aptamer exhibits high sensitivity, selectivity and rapidity. An increase of the α-amanitin concentration in the range of 1 × 10−14–1 × 10−9 M causes a linear decrease in the amperometric current with a limit of detection of 2.9 × 10−15 M (S/N = 3). The proposed analytical method is satisfactorily used for electrochemical sensing of α-amanitin in urine and wild mushroom samples.

О СУБСТРАТНОЙ СПЕЦИФИЧНОСТИ И НЕКОТОРЫХ СВОЙСТВАХ ВНЕКЛЕТОЧНОЙ ОКСИДАЗЫ ИЗ БАЗИДИОМИЦЕТА NEONOTHOPANUS NAMBI

An extracellular enzyme with oxidase activity was isolated from the mycelium of the higher fungus Neonothopanus nambi by mild treatment of the biomass with β-glucosidase. A substrate specificity and some properties of the isolated extracellular oxidase were studied in the present work. Experiments revealed that the extracellular oxidase exhibited activity with most phenolic compounds chosen as model substrates. It is important to note that the enzyme exhibited a catalytic function in the reactions without the addition of exogenous hydrogen peroxide and other mediators. The highest catalytic activity of the enzyme was observed with veratryl alcohol and dihydric phenols, hydroquinone and guaiacol. The enzyme showed lower activity with aromatic azo compounds (ABTS, DAB, o-dianisidine). In reactions with dihydric phenol resorcinol and monophenol, the enzyme efficiency was extremely low. The kinetic parameters of the enzymatic reactions with actively oxidized substrates were determined. The addition of a divalent metal ion chelator (EDTA) did not affect the activity of the enzyme, while the addition of the SH reagent (DTT) increased the catalytic efficiency of the studied oxidase. The totality of the data obtained indicates that the extracellular oxidase of the N. nambi fungus catalyzes the oxidation of a wide range of aromatic compounds under slightly acidic and neutral conditions without the addition of additional mediators (in particular, hydrogen peroxide). This creates the prerequisites for studying the applicability of the enzyme in biomedical analytics.

The Affects of Ce Doping Cr\(_2\)O\(_3\) Based Catalysts Supported on Activated Carbon for 1,2-Dichloroethane Abatement

Hydrothermal method is used to prepare activated carbon (AC) supported chromium-based catalysts for the catalytic combustion of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE). The physicochemical properties relating catalysts are evaluated by several characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, XPS, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, H2-TPR and NH3-TPR. The outcomes demonstrated that the Cr2O3 is the perfect targeted base catalyst adding to the facts that the hydrothermal approach is an appropriate way to create catalysts with superior properties. The textural characteristics, reducibility, and acidity of the Cr-based catalysts were all enhanced by the addition of cerium (Ce) and AC. Nevertheless, the research shows how crucial the Ce doping amount is for adjusting the physicochemical characteristics and catalytic efficacy of Cr-based catalysts. The catalyst 20Ce-Cr/AC has the maximum catalytic activity when it came to DCE combustion, where its T50 and T90 attaining of 247°C and 269.5°C, correspondingly. This is explained by the ideal Ce doping level, which improves the redox characteristics and revealed more active sites.

Harmonising light and structure: exploring ZnO/MOF composite photocatalysts for environmental remediations

Harmonising light and structure: exploring ZnO/MOF composite photocatalysts for environmental remediations

Therapeutic potentials of FexMoyS-PEG nanoparticles in colorectal cancer: a multimodal approach via ROS-ferroptosis-glycolysis regulation

Improving cancer therapy by targeting the adverse tumor microenvironment (TME) rather than the cancer cells presents a novel and potentially effective strategy. In this study, we introduced FexMoyS nanoparticles (NPs), which act as sequential bioreactors to manipulate the TME. FexMoyS NPs were synthesized using thermal decomposition and modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Their morphology, chemical composition, and photothermal properties were characterized. The capability to produce ROS and deplete GSH was evaluated. Effects on CRC cells, including cell viability, apoptosis, and glycolysis, were tested through various in vitro assays. In vivo efficacy was determined using CRC-bearing mouse models and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. The impact on the MAPK signaling pathway and tumor metabolism was also examined. The FexMoyS NPs showed efficient catalytic activity, leading to increased ROS production and GSH depletion, inducing ferroptosis, and suppressing glycolysis in CRC cells. In vivo, the NPs significantly inhibited tumor growth, particularly when combined with NIR light therapy, indicating a synergistic effect of photothermal therapy and chemodynamic therapy. Biosafety assessments revealed no significant toxicity in treated mice. RNA sequencing suggested that the NPs impact metabolism and potentially immune processes within CRC cells. FexMoyS NPs present a promising multifaceted approach for CRC treatment, effectively targeting tumor cells while maintaining biosafety. The nanoparticles exhibit potential for clinical translation, offering a new avenue for cancer therapy.